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Ethiopian natural zeolites for photocatalysis
摘要： The combination of zeolites and photochemistry has recently shown excellent results due to the special structure of the zeolites that helps a better use of the solar energy improving the selectivity of the chemical reactions carried out. There are several reports on the preparation of TiO2 confined nanoparticles in synthetic zeolites. However, very few reports are found on the use of natural zeolites. Zeolites are a vast natural resource in Ethiopia that remains unexploited. Their microporous structure can accommodate a wide variety of cations such as sodium, potassium and magnesium among others. The main objective of our work was to test the potential use of the naturally occurring zeolites, with high content in titanium, as photocatalysts. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and photocatalytic activities of the samples were tested in photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO).
关键词： Natural zeolite,Photocatalysis,Methyl orange,Band gap energy,TiO2 loading
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Time-of-flight spectrometry of ultra-short, polyenergetic proton bunches
摘要： A common approach for spectrum determination of polyenergetic proton bunches from laser-ion acceleration experiments is based on the time-of-flight (TOF) method. However, spectra obtained using this method are typically given in relative units or are estimated based on some prior assumptions on the energy distribution of the accelerated ions. In this work, we present a new approach using the TOF method that allows for an absolute energy spectrum reconstruction from a current signal acquired with a sub-nanosecond fast and 10 μm thin silicon detector. The reconstruction is based on solving a linear least-squares problem, taking into account the response function of the detection system. The general principle of signal generation and spectrum reconstruction by setting up an appropriate system response matrix is presented. Proof-of-principle experiments at a 12 MV Tandem accelerator using different nanosecond-short (quasi-)monoenergetic and polyenergetic proton bunches at energies up to 20 MeV were successfully performed. Within the experimental uncertainties of 2.4% and 12.1% for energy and particle number, respectively, reconstructed energy distributions were found in excellent agreement with the spectra calculated using Monte Carlo simulations and measured by a magnetic spectrometer. This TOF method can hence be used for absolute online spectrometry of laser-accelerated particle bunches.
关键词： silicon detector,time-of-flight spectrometry,energy spectrum reconstruction,polyenergetic proton bunches,laser-ion acceleration
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Office light control moving toward automation and humanization: a literature review
摘要： This review was designed to survey the development of control technology and strategies for office light environment from 1993 to 2017 by documentary research. Search engines were applied and 100 publications were selected and analyzed with the focus on energy saving and visual comfort as well as related areas, such as control technology and strategies, shading, light sources and simulation tools. It was found that general tendency in office light control technology and strategies moves towards creating more occupant-friendly and less energy consumption convergence and remarkable progress has been made in computer- and network-based integrated light control technology. Therefore, it could be predicted that in the next decade artificial intelligence and network-based office light control technology will be further developed into a complete automatic control system. Moreover, it is likely that, with the further exploration of Big Data, light control system could be merged with other control systems in an office building, such as heating, cooling, humidity, and ventilation system, forming self-learning and self-evolution control system.
关键词： visual comfort,office light environment,simulation tools,Lighting control,energy-saving
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Enhanced Luminescence from InGaN/GaN Nano-disk in a wire Array Caused by Surface Potential Modulation during Wet Treatment
摘要： Here we have demonstrated the profound impact of surface potential on the luminescence of an array of InGaN/GaN nano-disk in a wire heterostructure. The change in surface potential is brought about by a combination of dry and successive wet-processing treatments. The photoluminescence (PL) properties are determined as a function of size and varying surface potential. The change in hole bound state energy due to parabolic potential well near the side-wall is found to be the dominating factor. The PL peak position, full width at half-maximum (FWHM), strain relaxation and integrated PL intensity are studied as a function of incident power and temperature. The devices demonstrate higher integrated PL intensity and slope efficiency.
关键词： exciton binding energy,photoluminescence,QCSE,nano-disk,surface potential,strain relaxation,InGaN/GaN,quantum confinement
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Advances in the measurements of the mass attenuation coefficients
摘要： The knowledge of atomic fundamental parameters, such as mass attenuation coefficients or fluorescence yields with low uncertainties, is of decisive importance in elemental quantification involving X‐ray fluorescence analysis techniques. Several databases providing the mass attenuation coefficients are accessible and frequently used within a large community of users. These compilations are most often in good agreement for photon energies in the hard X‐ray ranges. However, they significantly differ for low photon energies and around the absorption edges of the elements. Mass attenuation coefficients of several elements were determined experimentally in the photon energy range from 100 eV to 35 keV by using monochromatized radiation at the SOLEIL synchrotron (France). The application of high‐accuracy experimental techniques resulted in low uncertainty mass attenuation coefficients. The results are compared with tabulated data.
关键词： photon energy,X‐ray fluorescence analysis,mass attenuation coefficients,SOLEIL synchrotron
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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On the existence of superradiant excitonic states in microtubules
摘要： Microtubules are biological protein polymers with critical and diverse functions. Their structures share some similarities with photosynthetic antenna complexes, particularly in the ordered arrangement of photoactive molecules with large transition dipole moments. As the role of photoexcitations in microtubules remains an open question, here we analyze tryptophan molecules, the amino acid building block of microtubules with the largest transition dipole strength. By taking their positions and dipole orientations from realistic models capable of reproducing tubulin experimental spectra, and using a Hamiltonian widely employed in quantum optics to describe light-matter interactions, we show that such molecules arranged in their native microtubule configuration exhibit a superradiant lowest exciton state, which represents an excitation fully extended on the chromophore lattice. We also show that such a superradiant state emerges due to supertransfer coupling between the lowest exciton states of smaller blocks of the microtubule. In the dynamics we find that the spreading of excitation is ballistic in the absence of external sources of disorder and strongly dependent on initial conditions. The velocity of photoexcitation spreading is shown to be enhanced by the supertransfer effect with respect to the velocity one would expect from the strength of the nearest-neighbor coupling between tryptophan molecules in the microtubule. Finally, such structures are shown to have an enhanced robustness to static disorder when compared to geometries that include only short-range interactions. These cooperative effects (superradiance and supertransfer) may induce ultra-efficient photoexcitation absorption and could enhance excitonic energy transfer in microtubules over long distances under physiological conditions.
关键词： quantum transport in disordered systems,energy transfer,open quantum systems,quantum biology
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Breakdown of the Spectator Concept in Low-Electron-Energy Resonant Decay Processes
摘要： We suggest that low-energy electrons, released by resonant decay processes, experience substantial scattering on the electron density of excited electrons, which remain a spectator during the decay. As a result, the angular emission distribution is altered significantly. This effect is expected to be a common feature of low-energy secondary electron emission. In this Letter, we exemplify our idea by examining the spectator resonant interatomic Coulombic decay of Ne dimers. Our theoretical predictions are confirmed by a corresponding coincidence experiment.
关键词： low-energy electrons,spectator electron,resonant decay processes,Ne dimers,interatomic Coulombic decay,angular emission distribution
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The reliability of solar energy generating system with inverters in series under common cause failure
摘要： With the shortage of nonrenewable energy, renewable energy resources play an important role in practice. One of the most promising renewable energy is viewed as solar energy resources due to its cleanliness and the inexhaustibility. However, the quantitative assessment method on the reliability of a complicated solar energy generating system has been a considerable challenge. In this paper, we propose a Markov model to imitate a solar energy generating system with inverters in series, unreliable by-pass change-over switches, and common cause failure. Employing the renewal point technique and the Semi-Markov process theory, we build the quantitative reliability models of the system. Further, we develop a new algorithm to obtain the explicit form solution of reliability indices. An example illustrates that the proposed models and the algorithm are e?cient and concise.
关键词： Common cause failure,Switch failure,Micro-inverters,Reliability,Solar energy generating system
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Catalyst-Assisted Solution–Liquid–Solid Synthesis of CdS/CuInSe <sub/>2</sub> and CuInTe <sub/>2</sub> /CuInSe <sub/>2</sub> Nanorod Heterostructures
摘要： Axial nanowire heterostructures composed of cadmium sulfide (CdS)/copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) and copper indium telluride (CuInTe2)/copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) were synthesized by a solution?liquid?solid (SLS) method with the catalyzer of bismuth nanocrystals. Electron microscopy and diffraction studies show CuInTe2 and CuInSe2 segments growing along the [112] direction with a clear epitaxial interface between them. In CdS/CuInSe2 nanorod heterostructures, CuInSe2 and CdS segments grow along the [112] and [111] direction, respectively, with an obvious epitaxial interface between them. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry demonstrates the alloy-free composition modulation in two nanorod heterostructures. In CuInTe2/CuInSe2 nanorod heterostructures, Te and Se are localized in CuInTe2 and CuInSe2 segments, respectively. Cu/In/Se and Cd/S are localized in the CuInSe2 and CdS sections of the CdS/CuInSe2 nanorod heterostructures. This research confirms that the SLS mechanism provides a general alternate technique to prepare multicomponent axial 1D heterostructures that have been difficult to generate by using either catalyst-free solution-phase synthesis or vapor?liquid?solid growth.
关键词： epitaxial interface,nanowire heterostructures,solution?liquid?solid (SLS) method,bismuth nanocrystals,energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Quantum Cutting Luminescent Solar Concentrators Using Ytterbium Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals
摘要： We introduce and demonstrate the concept of quantum-cutting luminescent solar concentrators (QC-LSCs) using Yb3+-doped perovskite nanocrystals. These NCs feature a photoluminescence quantum yield approaching 200% and virtually zero self-absorption loss of PL photons, defining a new upper limit of 150% for the internal optical efficiency (ηint) of LSCs that is almost independent of LSC sizes. An unoptimized 25 cm2 QC-LSC fabricated from Yb3+-doped CsPbCl3 NCs already displayed an ηint of 118.1±6.7% that is 2-fold higher than previous records using Mn2+-doped quantum dots (QDs). If using CsPbClxBr3-x NCs capable of absorbing ~7.6% of solar photons, the projected external optical efficiency (ηext) of QC-LSCs can exceed 10% for >100 cm2 devices which still remains a big challenge in the field. The advantage of QC-LSCs over conventional QD-LSCs becomes especially obvious with increasing LSC sizes, which is predicted to exhibit more than 4-fold efficiency enhancement in the case of window size (1 m2) devices.
关键词： Luminescent solar concentrators,Solar energy,Doped nanocrystals,Quantum cutting,Ytterbium doping
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14