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Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy and Kinetics of the Cr3+-Chromate Ion Oxidation Equilibria at the Solid Liquid Interface
摘要： Silica-borax pearl samples impregnated with 0.17 and 0.64% Cr3+ were characterized by specific surface area measurements, UV-Vis spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Pearl stability against oxidizing conditions was tested by adding samples to an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. The reaction was examined by UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements of the supernatant and laser-scanning confocal microscopy images of the substrate. Overall, hydrogen peroxide-induced Cr3+ to Cr6+ oxidation across the solid-liquid interface promoted solid matrix cleavage pearl degradation and concomitant formation of multiple scattering centers was observed. A dual-detection scheme was employed in the confocal microscopy measurements allowing us to separate scattering and absorptive contributions to the observed signals. The confocal microscopy images indicate that Cr3+ oxidation induced by hydrogen peroxide solutions occurs throughout the entire pearl sample and indicate that oxidation reactions induce leakage of chromate ion into aqueous solutions.
关键词： energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence,confocal fluorescence microscopy,chromium mobility,H2O2 oxidation equilibria,mass transfer phenomena,solid liquid interfaces
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A study of the impact of VLC on the quality of lighting and display – EPSRC
摘要： Dr Wasiu Popoola of the University of Edinburgh talks about his research into visible light communication and shares the results of his latest work examining the underutilised optical spectrum as a potential pathway to wirelessly connect devices. The research investigates the impacts of visible light communication (VLC) on the fundamental properties of energy efficiency, light quality and life expectancy of a light-emitting diode (LED) that is primarily designed for lighting or display. It aims to deliver the required approach for optimising VLC and safeguard the LED’s reliability, durability and emitted light quality.
关键词： light quality,LED,VLC,energy efficiency,visible light communication,life expectancy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Novel Design for Thermal Management of PV Cells in Harsh Environmental Conditions
摘要： The abundance of solar energy is a blessing in the Arabian Peninsula, where more than 2000 kWh/m2 density has been recorded annually. This has resulted in sincere consideration of PV harvesting in the energy matrix and smart grid. However, artefacts such as degradation of PV efficiency due to the high temperature effect have to be addressed. This paper presents a novel design of a PV cooling system using water to mitigate the effect of high temperature. Several experiments have been conducted, and the results have been analyzed. It has been found that the collected water from the panel after 40 min of cooling gained a temperature of 10 ?C approximately, during December 2016. Eventually, the efficiency was improved by 10.35% (without using MPPT) using water at ambient temperature (24 ?C) compared to the non-cooled panel. Moreover, the temperature of the panel during solar peak hours dropped from 64.3 ?C to 32 ?C and from 59 ?C to 27 ?C in 3 min for the back and front surface, respectively. These results, which are the ?rst of their kind in Qatar, constitute good incentives and pave the way for further investigation to enhance PV ef?ciency in harsh environments. This would be of paramount signi?cance, especially for scaling up PV deployment, as is planned in Qatar and GCC countries in their 2030 vision.
关键词： overheating,ef?ciency,photovoltaic,water cooling,heat transfer,renewable energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Rational design of yolk–shell nanostructures for photocatalysis
摘要： Photocatalysis is a promising route to convert solar energy into chemical energy directly, providing an alternative solution to environment and natural resource problems. Theoretically, all photocatalytic reactions are driven by charge carriers whose behavior can be divided into charge generation, separation, migration and surface reactions. Efficiencies of charge utilization in every step determine the overall performance of photocatalysis. Yolk–shell (YS) structures can provide an ideal platform for the efficient utilization of charge carriers. Typically, a YS structure is constructed from a hollow shell and an inner core, which can enhance light scattering in the hollow space and provide a large surface to create sufficient active sites, both of which can significantly improve the efficacy of charge utilization. Additionally, many strategies can be adopted to modify the YS structure for further enhancement of charge behaviors in every step. Existing reviews about YS structures mainly concentrate on the universality of the application of YSs, while the strategies to improve photocatalytic performance based on YSs have not been elaborately illustrated. This review describes the classification, synthesis, formation mechanism of YS structures and the rational regulation of the behaviors of photogenerated charge carriers, aiming at their effective utilization based on YS structures in heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions.
关键词： Charge carriers,Heterogeneous photocatalytic reactions,Solar energy conversion,Yolk–shell structures,Photocatalysis
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A micro-scale plasma spectrometer for space and plasma edge applications (invited)
摘要： A plasma spectrometer design based on advances in lithography and microchip stacking technologies is described. A series of curved plate energy analyzers, with an integrated collimator, is etched into a silicon wafer. Tests of spectrometer elements, the energy analyzer and collimator, were performed with a 5 keV electron beam. The measured collimator transmission and energy selectivity were in good agreement with design targets. A single wafer element could be used as a plasma processing or fusion first wall diagnostic.
关键词： electron beam,microchip stacking,silicon wafer,plasma processing,fusion first wall diagnostic,lithography,plasma spectrometer,collimator,energy analyzer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14