- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Salp swarm algorithm-based optimal control scheme for LVRT capability improvement of grid-connected photovoltaic power plants: design and experimental validation
摘要： As green communication becomes an inevitable trend for future 5G wireless networks, how to maximize the energy ef?ciency (EE) of device-to-device (D2D) communication has drawn extensive attention recently. However, most of existing works only optimize the EE in the single-cell scenario, while little attention is paid to maximizing the EE of the whole cellular network underlaid with D2D communication with randomly distributed users on multiple bands. In this paper, we ?rst consider the whole cellular network underlaid with D2D communication on multiple bands and derive the exact expressions of the successful transmission probabilities, the average sum rate and the EE based on stochastic geometry theory. Then, we formulate the optimization problem of maximizing the EE subject to four constraints regarding to transmission power and outage probabilities, and the non-convexity of this problem is also veri?ed. After that, by exploiting the objective function property of being the sum of several functions, we propose a derivative-based algorithm to solve this non-convex optimization problem. Our theoretical analysis shows that the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is signi?cantly lower than that of the conventional branch and bound algorithm. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve the near-optimal EE with much better performance than the conventional algorithm.
关键词： 5G,D2D communication,energy ef?ciency,stochastic geometry
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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An Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Lateral-Offset Spliced Seven-Core Fiber for Bending and Stretching Strain Measurement
摘要： Large-scale user behavior can be used as the guidance for deployment, con?guration, and service control in heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs). However, in wireless networks, large-scale user behavior (in terms of traf?c ?uctuation in spatial domain) follows inhomogeneous distribution, which brings enormous challenges to energy-ef?cient design of HCNs. In this paper, the heterogeneity of large-scale user behavior is quantitatively characterized and exploited to study the energy ef?ciency (EE) in HCNs. An optimization problem is formulated for energy-ef?cient two-tier deployment and con?guration, where the base station (BS) density, BS transmit power, BS static power, and quality of service are taken into account. We present closed-form formulas that establish the quantitative relationship between large-scale user behavior and energy-ef?cient HCN con?guration. These results can be used to determine BS density and BS transmit power with the objective of achieving optimal EE. Furthermore, we present three energy-ef?cient control strategies of micro BSs, including micro BS sleep control, coverage expansion control, and coverage shrinking control. Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that the proposed control strategies can potentially lead to signi?cant power savings.
关键词： large-scale user behavior,resource management,Heterogeneous cellular networks,energy ef?ciency,traf?c.
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Xiamen, China (2019.12.17-2019.12.20)] 2019 Photonics & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Fall (PIERS - Fall) - Dual-wideband Cross Polarization Conversion Metasurface Based on a Symmetric Split Ring Resonator
摘要： Energy-ef?ciency is a signi?cant parameter contributing to the performance of coordinated cognitive radio networks (CCRNs). To estimate the average value of sensing and reporting energy ef?ciency of CCRN, a new metric is proposed. This paper presents a new metric based on the gain from the coordination of missed detection and false alarm probabilities that minimize the interference on the primary users and maximize the throughput for cognitive terminals (CTs), respectively. Furthermore, the proposed maximum metric is placed by analytically ?guring out the optimum number of coordinated CTs. The global average value of energy ef?ciency of sensing and reporting process among coordinated CTs with various probabilities of missed detection and false alarm is formulated. In addition, a new iterative CTs assignment strategy is proposed. Finally, the average energy-ef?ciency results are signi?cantly enhanced as shown by simulations.
关键词： coordinated cognitive radio network (CCRN),Energy-ef?ciency,metric
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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SWIPT Schemes for Carrier Index Differential Chaos Shift Keying Modulation: A New Look at the Inactive Carriers
摘要： In this paper, two carrier index differential chaos shift keying with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (CI-DCSK SWIPT) schemes, which integrate carrier index differential chaos shift keying (CI-DCSK) modulation with wireless power transfer, are proposed. In the proposed schemes, based on the transmission characteristics of index modulation (IM), the inactive carriers of CI-DCSK are exploited to delivery energy by transmitting random noise-like signals subjected to normal distribution. By applying time switching (TS) at the receiver, each frame time of the proposed schemes is divided into two intervals. Unlike usual TS-based systems, two intervals of the proposed schemes are related, where energy harvesting and decoding of the modulated bits are both operated in the second interval. Analytical bit error rate (BER) expressions over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading channels of the two schemes are derived. The expression for the parameter ξ is also derived, which measures the probability of self-suf?ciency of these schemes. The impact of the dividing point of two intervals on BER performance of systems is also analysed and optimized. Since the energy on the inactive carriers is adjustable, the schemes are always self-sustainable in energy supply. To provide the best performance, the ratio of energy on the inactive carriers to that on the active carriers is optimized. Simulation results show that though performances of the proposed schemes are a little worse than CI-DCSK with the same spectral ef?ciency (SE), the proposed schemes are all self-sustainable.
关键词： SWIPT,DCSK,energy ef?ciency,Index modulation,detection,spectrum ef?ciency,self-sustainable
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Magnetic Field Imaging: Strengths and limitations in characterising solar cells
摘要： This paper concerns with a relay-aided massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cellular network. The exact closed-form expressions of both spectral ef?ciency (SE) and energy ef?ciency (EE) are obtained for downlink single-cell multi-user multi-relay massive MIMO transmission in the pilot-contaminated regime, where the number of users is larger than the pilot sequence length. Based on the theoretical results of SE and EE, we investigate the effects of some system parameters [such as number of antennas at the base station (BS), transmit power at the BS, and transmit power of each relay station (RS)] on system performance, and achieve the tradeoff between SE and EE by power control. Speci?cally, the tradeoff problem is solved by joint optimization over transmit power P of the BS and transmit power pr of each RS, so as to maximize EE while satisfying the SE requirement. With the proposition that EE function is strictly quasi-concave with either P or pr , we propose two optimization methods: 1-D searching and alternate optimization. Comparatively, the former achieves a better performance, while the latter has a lower complexity. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the two methods.
关键词： spectral ef?ciency,Cellular networks,massive MIMO,relay,energy ef?ciency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA) - Tianjin, China (2019.8.4-2019.8.7)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA) - Research on Optical Fiber IMU Signal Processing Based on Wavelet Algorithm
摘要： This paper concerns with a relay-aided massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cellular network. The exact closed-form expressions of both spectral ef?ciency (SE) and energy ef?ciency (EE) are obtained for downlink single-cell multi-user multi-relay massive MIMO transmission in the pilot-contaminated regime, where the number of users is larger than the pilot sequence length. Based on the theoretical results of SE and EE, we investigate the effects of some system parameters [such as number of antennas at the base station (BS), transmit power at the BS, and transmit power of each relay station (RS)] on system performance, and achieve the tradeoff between SE and EE by power control. Speci?cally, the tradeoff problem is solved by joint optimization over transmit power P of the BS and transmit power pr of each RS, so as to maximize EE while satisfying the SE requirement. With the proposition that EE function is strictly quasi-concave with either P or pr , we propose two optimization methods: 1-D searching and alternate optimization. Comparatively, the former achieves a better performance, while the latter has a lower complexity. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the two methods.
关键词： spectral ef?ciency,Cellular networks,massive MIMO,relay,energy ef?ciency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology (SENSORS & NANO) - Penang, Malaysia (2019.7.24-2019.7.25)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Sensors and Nanotechnology - Whole-cell detectors of contaminants constructed by immobilization of bioreporters in form of biofilm on special optical fiber elements
摘要： Powering cellular base stations with renewable energy are one of the long-term strategies for achieving green networks and reducing their operational costs. As an energy provider, the power grid is evolving into a smarter one, which allows more energy-ef?cient cellular networks and enables cooperation and interaction with the smart grid. On one hand, cellular networks can use harvested renewable energy and on-site energy storage to reduce their energy costs. On the other hand, the price of electricity depends on the energy load, which will eventually contribute to decreasing the peak consumption and global energy cost. In this paper, we propose new integration architecture for renewable energy-powered cellular networks and the smart grid. The proposed architecture is designed based on the classi?cation and the analysis of the existing proposals and the requirements of the smart grid, renewable energy systems, and cellular networks.
关键词： integration architecture,Cellular networks,smart grid,renewable energy,energy ef?ciency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Conference on Power, Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICPICS) - Shenyang, China (2019.7.12-2019.7.14)] 2019 IEEE International Conference on Power, Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICPICS) - Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on RPCA and NSST
摘要： Energy-ef?ciency is a signi?cant parameter contributing to the performance of coordinated cognitive radio networks (CCRNs). To estimate the average value of sensing and reporting energy ef?ciency of CCRN, a new metric is proposed. This paper presents a new metric based on the gain from the coordination of missed detection and false alarm probabilities that minimize the interference on the primary users and maximize the throughput for cognitive terminals (CTs), respectively. Furthermore, the proposed maximum metric is placed by analytically ?guring out the optimum number of coordinated CTs. The global average value of energy ef?ciency of sensing and reporting process among coordinated CTs with various probabilities of missed detection and false alarm is formulated. In addition, a new iterative CTs assignment strategy is proposed. Finally, the average energy-ef?ciency results are signi?cantly enhanced as shown by simulations.
关键词： metric,coordinated cognitive radio network (CCRN),Energy-ef?ciency
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Impact of Photovoltaic Module Performance Degradation Rate on LCOE of Utility Scale Systems
摘要： Energy-ef?ciency is a signi?cant parameter contributing to the performance of coordinated cognitive radio networks (CCRNs). To estimate the average value of sensing and reporting energy ef?ciency of CCRN, a new metric is proposed. This paper presents a new metric based on the gain from the coordination of missed detection and false alarm probabilities that minimize the interference on the primary users and maximize the throughput for cognitive terminals (CTs), respectively. Furthermore, the proposed maximum metric is placed by analytically ?guring out the optimum number of coordinated CTs. The global average value of energy ef?ciency of sensing and reporting process among coordinated CTs with various probabilities of missed detection and false alarm is formulated. In addition, a new iterative CTs assignment strategy is proposed. Finally, the average energy-ef?ciency results are signi?cantly enhanced as shown by simulations.
关键词： coordinated cognitive radio network (CCRN),Energy-ef?ciency,metric
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Analysis of Commonly Used Local Anti-Islanding Protection Methods in Photovoltaic Systems in Light of the New IEEE 1547-2018 Standard Requirements
摘要： We consider the joint WiFi of?oading, admission control, and network management for the integrated WiFi and OFDMA-based cellular network. Speci?cally, we propose a quality-of-service (QoS) and mobility-aware admission control scheme that ef?ciently of?oads macrocell traf?c to WiFi and integrates a novel bandwidth borrow-return strategy while guaranteeing QoS requirements for users. These QoS constraints are explicitly modeled considering the throughput performance of carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance scheme in the IEEE 802.11 WLAN and the fractional frequency reuse in the downlink cellular network. Then, we develop an analytical model to derive the blocking probabilities for calls in different service areas of a cell. Based on this analysis, we study the joint base station switching, power control, and traf?c of?oading problem for energy minimization under QoS constraints. We consider the time-varying call traf?c and develop an algorithm to ?nd the optimal solution of the problem. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed cross-layer resource management framework in the integrated network.
关键词： Energy ef?ciency,power control,resource management,wireless LAN,mobile radio mobility management
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59