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Equivalent-Circuit Model with Retarded Electromagnetic Coupling for Meta-Atoms of Wired Metallic Spheres
摘要： This paper describes the equivalent-circuit model of a metamaterial composed of conducting spheres and wires. This model involves electromagnetic coupling between the conductors, with retardation. The lumped-parameter equivalent circuit, which imports retardation to the electromagnetic coupling, is developed in this paper from Maxwell’s equation. Using the equivalent-circuit model, we clarify the relationship between the retardation and radiation loss; we theoretically demonstrate that the electromagnetic retardation in the near-field represents the radiation loss of the meta-atom in the far-field. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the retarded electromagnetic coupling between two meta-atoms; we estimate the changes in the resonant frequencies and the losses due to the distance between the two coupled meta-atoms. It is established that the dependence characteristics are significantly affected by electromagnetic retardation.
关键词： meta-atom,equivalent-circuit model,metamaterial,electromagnetic coupling,radiation,retardation
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization (NEMO) - Reykjavik, Iceland (2018.8.8-2018.8.10)] 2018 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization (NEMO) - Low-Cost Simulation-Driven Design of Broadband Rectifiers for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting
摘要： A steady growth of ambient RF energy density associated with a rapid increase of the number of broadcasting devices stimulates the research on broadband harvesting circuits. Such circuits can be used as energy sources for low-power sensors or Internet-of-Things devices. On the other hand, dedicated design techniques for rectifiers are lacking which results in poor performance of existing circuits. Also, their design cost is high because it involves hybrid electromagnetic (EM) and harmonic balance (HB) simulations. In this work, we propose a novel design procedure for low-cost design of broadband rectifiers. The core component of the approach is a novel equivalent-circuit-based low-fidelity model which does not involve harmonic balance (HB) simulations. The model consists of a matching circuit loaded with the RF-to-DC converter block represented using the S-parameter matrix. The latter is obtained from a single HB simulation of the converter circuit. Inaccuracy of the model is reduced using appropriate correction techniques. At the first stage of the design process, the proposed model is optimized for minimization of the in-band reflection. At the second stage, a hybrid HB-EM-based tuning oriented towards maximization of the structure efficiency is carried out. The proposed approach is demonstrated using a novel broadband rectifier operating within 0.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz band. Numerical cost of the method is 80% lower compared to direct EM-HB- based optimization of the rectifier circuit.
关键词： broadband rectifiers,constrained optimization,simulation-driven design,surrogate-based optimization,equivalent circuit model
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC) - NOIDA, India (2019.3.7-2019.3.9)] 2019 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC) - Design and Implementation of Photonic Crystal Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser
摘要： An injection-locked magnetron with an external oscillator was investigated to obtain the parameters of the equivalent circuit model. The magnetron was locked over the ratio of the input power to output power of ?26 dB and had the resonance characteristics of a parallel LCR circuit model. Increasing the input power caused the anti-resonance frequency to become the original frequency of the magnetron; the range of the locking frequency was wider because of the lower Q value. The phase noise of the locked magnetron of ?70 dBc at a 40-kHz offset was improved in comparison with an unlocked magnetron. The results show that an injection-locked magnetron with an external oscillator has great potential for obtaining a high power output.
关键词： frequency locking,injection-locked magnetron,Equivalent circuit model of magnetron
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Stretchable Metamaterial Absorber with Deformation Compensation Design at Microwave Frequencies
摘要： A stretchable microwave metamaterial absorber with specific pattern design is proposed and fabricated in this paper to improve the stability of microwave absorption for deformation. Compensation mechanism is revealed by the electrical current loop for resonance absorption excitation in equivalent circuit model. The proposed metamaterial absorber with slotted cross pattern is compared with the conventional cross pattern absorber. A stretchable silver conductive ink validates the silk screen printing of resistive patterns on flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and hence realizes the stretching experiments. In a 25% stretch, the resonant frequency of the compensated absorber shifts only 0.5% for TM polarization, comparing to the 8% shifting of the conventional structure.
关键词： Stretchable,compensation mechanism,metamaterial absorber,resistive patterns,equivalent circuit model
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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DEVELOPMENT OF AN EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL OF A FINITE GROUND COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE INTERCONNECT IN MIS SYSTEM FOR ULTRA-BROADBAND MONOLITHIC ICS
摘要： An equivalent circuit model of a ?nite ground plane coplanar waveguide (FGCPW) interconnect in a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) system for an ultra-broadband monolithic IC is proposed and illustrated. An e?ective substrate considering Maxwell-Wagner Polarization is suggested and demonstrated. The method of modeling the weak skin e?ect of the conductor is presented. The accuracy of the equivalent circuit model is evaluated. This proposed FGCPW interconnect equivalent circuit model enables a quick and e?cient time domain simulation to estimate the time delay and bandwidth of ultra-broadband ICs.
关键词： FGCPW interconnect,MIS system,equivalent circuit model,weak skin effect,Maxwell-Wagner Polarization,ultra-broadband monolithic IC
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design and equivalent circuit model extraction of a third-order band-pass frequency selective surface filter for terahertz applications
摘要： In this paper, a third-order band-pass frequency selective surface (FSS) filter is proposed for terahertz applications. The presented FSS filter is designed based on miniaturized unit cells and a fractional bandwidth of 72% around 0.775 THz is achieved. In addition, a high transmission magnitude is obtained with an acceptable flatness in comparison to previous reports. In order to verify the numerical results, an equivalent circuit model of the proposed spatial filter is introduced considering both normal and oblique incident angles. The sensitivity of the filter with respect to the incident wave angle is investigated in the range of 0–60° whereas the obtained performance is acceptable for various incident angles in the mentioned range. Moreover, the effects of altering different geometrical parameters are studied and justified based on the extracted equivalent circuit model.
关键词： Miniaturized elements,Terahertz filter,Equivalent circuit model,Metamaterial,Frequency selective surface
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Monolayer of Plasmonic Nanolaser: a Study of Spasing Regime and Polarization Characteristics
摘要： An injection-locked magnetron with an external oscillator was investigated to obtain the parameters of the equivalent circuit model. The magnetron was locked over the ratio of the input power to output power of ?26 dB and had the resonance characteristics of a parallel LCR circuit model. Increasing the input power caused the anti-resonance frequency to become the original frequency of the magnetron; the range of the locking frequency was wider because of the lower Q value. The phase noise of the locked magnetron of ?70 dBc at a 40-kHz offset was improved in comparison with an unlocked magnetron. The results show that an injection-locked magnetron with an external oscillator has great potential for obtaining a high power output.
关键词： frequency locking,injection-locked magnetron,Equivalent circuit model of magnetron
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2019.7.8-2019.7.12)] 2019 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices (NUSOD) - Compact transmission-line equivalent circuit model for silicon solar cell simulation
摘要： We demonstrate a compact equivalent circuit model for transmission-line representation of monocrystalline silicon solar cell. The model for solar cell characterization in terms of impedance/admittance spectroscopy. Number of coordinate partition elements necessary to adequately represent the device characteristics is reasonably comparable with the number of solar cell structure epi-layers. This makes the model convenient for transient effect simulations in external electrical circuits where fully distributed transmission-line model is too complex for direct time-domain calculations.
关键词： numerical simulation,optoelectronic devices,solar cells,equivalent circuit model,impedance spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 16th China International Forum on Solid State Lighting & 2019 International Forum on Wide Bandgap Semiconductors China (SSLChina: IFWS) - Shenzhen, China (2019.11.25-2019.11.27)] 2019 16th China International Forum on Solid State Lighting & 2019 International Forum on Wide Bandgap Semiconductors China (SSLChina: IFWS) - Study on 3D thermal transport in micro-LEDs on GaN substrate at the level of kW/cm <sup>2</sup>
摘要： An injection-locked magnetron with an external oscillator was investigated to obtain the parameters of the equivalent circuit model. The magnetron was locked over the ratio of the input power to output power of ?26 dB and had the resonance characteristics of a parallel LCR circuit model. Increasing the input power caused the anti-resonance frequency to become the original frequency of the magnetron; the range of the locking frequency was wider because of the lower Q value. The phase noise of the locked magnetron of ?70 dBc at a 40-kHz offset was improved in comparison with an unlocked magnetron. The results show that an injection-locked magnetron with an external oscillator has great potential for obtaining a high power output.
关键词： frequency locking,injection-locked magnetron,Equivalent circuit model of magnetron
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Modelling solar cellsa?? S-shaped I-V characteristics with an analytical solution to lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model
摘要： In this paper, an analytical solution to three-diode lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model is proposed to simulate and present S-shaped I-V characteristics of next generation solar cells, which are observed frequently in perovskite and organic solar cells, and occasionally in other kinds of solar cells. In general, because complicated transcendental equation includes three exponent items resulting from three diodes, the absence of an analytical solution has become a bottleneck that limits the adoptions of solar cells’ three-diode lumped-parameter model into practical applications and device simulations. To break through the above bottleneck, the analytical solution is derived in the regional approach, completed in Matlab platform, and verified by reconstructed experimental data measured from real solar cells. Such an analytical solution processes the key feature with high precise and efficiency. High precise results from the mathematical operations of the analytical solution to lumped-parameter model and high efficiency results from the avoidance of numerical iteration methods. In addition, this analytical solution facilitates researchers to accurately determine short circuit current and open circuit voltage, quickly extract model parameters in lumped-parameter circuit, and in detail assess effects from model parameters on DC characteristics of solar cells. Finally, the proposed analytical solution is able to be used to reproduce S-shaped I-V characteristics of solar cells, assist in extracting fitting parameters in three-diode lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model, and complete implementation of model into semiconductor device and circuit simulators.
关键词： Lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model,S-shaped I-V characteristics,Solar cells,Analytical solution
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59