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Quantum collapse as reduction from a continuum of conditional amplitudes in an entangled state to a single actualized amplitude in the collapsed state
摘要： According to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics a measurement leads to the collapse of a quantum system. A uni?ed description of a quantum system before and after measurement of the position ra1 and the spin sa1 of one of its electrons is proposed based on the conditional amplitude and its density. Quantum collapse is described as reduction from continuum of the conditional amplitudes {(cid:2)(x2, . . . , xN |rh1 )} in an initial quantum state to the single actualized amplitude (cid:2)(x2, . . . , xN |ra1 ) in a collapsed state. The latter state contains the information about quantum entanglement, the extraction of which with fragment entanglement measure is demonstrated for the realistic valence bond models of the dissociating dihydrogen and ethylene molecules.
关键词： ethylene molecules,quantum collapse,dihydrogen,conditional amplitude,quantum entanglement,valence bond models
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser detection of nuclear spin isomers of ethylene molecules
摘要： We report the making of a double-beam laser spectrometer to measure absorption spectra in the n5 + n9 combination vibrational band of ethylene in the region of l = 1.6 mm. The spectrometer is used to find a portion of the spectrum that has well-resolved absorption lines of all four nuclear spin isomers of ethylene molecules. The rotational quantum numbers of these absorption lines and the nuclear spin isomers of ethylene molecules responsible for them are identified.
关键词： spectroscopy of ethylene molecules,nuclear spin isomers of molecules,laser spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52