- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Handbook of Exoplanets || Exoplanet Atmosphere Measurements from Transmission Spectroscopy and Other Planet Star Combined Light Observations
摘要： It is possible to learn a great deal about exoplanet atmospheres even when we cannot spatially resolve the planets from their host stars. In this chapter, we overview the basic techniques used to characterize transiting exoplanets – transmission spectroscopy, emission and re?ection spectroscopy, and full-orbit phase curve observations. We discuss practical considerations, including current and future observing facilities and best practices for measuring precise spectra. We also highlight major observational results on the chemistry, climate, and cloud properties of exoplanets.
关键词： Observing facilities,Transmission spectroscopy,Emission spectroscopy,Climate,Re?ection spectroscopy,Cloud properties,Exoplanet atmospheres,Phase curve observations,Atmospheric chemistry
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Handbook of Exoplanets || Multi-Pixel Imaging of Exoplanets with a Hypertelescope in Space
摘要： Resolved images of habitable exoplanets, within tens of parsecs, are of interest for searching biosignatures such as the “Indian-summer” signal. SETI applications are also considered. Forming multi-pixel images of such exoplanets is in principle possible with hypertelescopes, resembling a giant telescope but in dilute form with a large flotilla of small mirrors in space. Simulations show that the proposed Exo-Earth Imager flotilla (EEI), with its 100 mirrors of 3 m forming a 100 km meta-aperture, can produce a direct image of an exo-Earth at 3 parsecs, containing 30×30 resolved elements. This requires accurate control of the meta-mirror’s shape, preferably parabolic for directly co-phasing the beams co-focused toward a focal spaceship. According to the principle of hypertelescope imaging, a pupil densifier element is also needed in the focal optics for concentrating the planet’s light, otherwise spread within a broad diffractive halo. And exoplanet imaging also requires coronagraphic optics for attenuating the contaminating light from the parent star.
关键词： exoplanet imaging,SETI,coronagraphic optics,biosignatures,hypertelescope
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Handbook of Exoplanets || The “Spectral Zoo” of Exoplanet Atmospheres
摘要： The great abundance of exoplanets and the unexpectedly wide range of their bulk properties create a huge realm of possibilities in exoplanet atmospheres. Opportunities for atmospheric characterization of other worlds abound, as well as pitfalls for the unwary. In this chapter, we make a first foray into exploring the richness of exoplanet atmospheres, with a tour of the exoplanet “spectral zoo.” We then follow the path of light from a star onto an exoplanet and to a distant spectrograph; the details of what happens to that light within the planet’s atmosphere will be discussed in other chapters. We briefly discuss how the light is then affected by the spectrograph and recorded by a detector, resulting in an observed planet spectrum. As will be seen, one of the major challenges for measuring the effects of a planet’s atmosphere in an observed spectrum is disentangling them from effects caused by the instrumentation used to acquire that spectrum. We conclude with a few thoughts on general strategies to overcome observational challenges and harvest the best science from the treasure trove of exoplanets we can and will study in the coming decades.
关键词： Spectroscopy,Atmosphere,Exoplanet
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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High-resolution speckle imaging
摘要： One of the most exciting and challenging pursuits of 21st-century astrophysics is to identify an exoplanet—that is, a planet orbiting an alien sun—on which life may exist. Such a planet is likely to reside in the habitable zone of its sun, meaning that it can harbor liquid water on its surface. Many astrobiologists posit that a life-harboring planet must also be small, rocky, and similar in density to our own. One critical input to any future discovery will be a precise determination of the planet radius, a value that will probably be obtained with the help of high-resolution speckle imaging.
关键词： speckle imaging,exoplanet,adaptive optics,atmospheric turbulence,high-resolution imaging
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36