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Femtosecond Laser-inscribed Non-volatile Integrated Optical Switch in Fused Silica based on Microfluidics-controlled Total Internal Reflection
摘要： We demonstrate a non-volatile optical power switch, fabricated by femtosecond laser inscription in a fused silica substrate, with switching operation based on microfluidics-controlled total internal reflection. The switch consists of crossed waveguides and a rectangular, high aspect ratio microfluidic channel, located at the waveguide crossing. The switching between total internal reflection and transmission at the channel wall is determined by the refractive index of the medium inside the channel. Femtosecond laser inscription allows for co-integration of low-loss optical waveguides and channels with smooth sidewalls and thus the fabrication of low insertion loss switches that are broadband and show low polarization dependent losses. The measured total internal reflection loss of the fabricated switch is about 1.5 dB at the wavelength 1550 nm. The loss due to transmission through the channel filled with refractive index matching liquid is about 0.5 dB. Detailed finite time domain and beam propagation method difference simulations of the switch’s performance indicate that the losses can be further reduced by optimizing its geometry, together with further adjusting the inscription parameters.
关键词： Fused silica,Non-volatile,Single mode waveguides,Total internal reflection,Microfluidics,Femtosecond laser inscription,integrated optical switch
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Angers, France (2019.7.9-2019.7.13)] 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Fabrication of Gratings in Mid-Infrared Compatible Fibres via Femtosecond Laser Direct Inscription
摘要： We report on research into the fabrication of different types of gratings into optical fibres that are transparent at mid-infrared wavelengths. In particular, we focus on direct femtosecond laser inscription of fibre-Bragg gratings with parallel as well as with tilted grating planes into zirconium and indium fluoride fibres. It is shown that post-annealing of the gratings can lead to an increase or decrease in reflectivity depending on the fabrication method and that even a relatively low concentration of rare-earth ions that are present in active fibres can have a big influence on the inscription process. Further, the feasibility investigating the physical mechanisms that underpin the induced refractive index modulation by utilising argon-beam cross-sectional polishing of the inscribed fibres followed by spatially resolved Raman microscopy and electron probe microanalysis, is discussed.
关键词： tilted fibre Bragg gratings,femtosecond-laser inscription,mid-infrared fibres,fluoride fibres,fibre Bragg gratings
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Boson Band Vibrations Aid Refractive Index Mapping of Waveguides in High Index Chalcogenide Glass
摘要： The boson band mapping of waveguides fabricated by femtosecond laser inscription was used for the first time to identify and understand the material densification profile in chalcogenide glasses. The refractive index mapping of waveguides in high refractive index dielectrics is problematic as there are no known techniques. Refracted near field technique cannot be carried out in glasses with refractive index higher than 1.6 due to the lack of availability or toxic nature of the index matching oil. Though other techniques based on holographic and phase microscopies are available, sample preparation steps compatible with reliable measurement are tedious and in some cases, like diamond, is almost impossible. In this work, using the information obtained from the Bosonic band vibrations, we explain waveguide formation in Gallium Lanthanum Sulphide (GLS) glass. The boson peak shows up in any amorphous material regardless of its constituents or stoichiometry and is observed in the low frequency region between 0 – 100 cm-1. Their origin is a well debated and controversial topic. Here we make use of its response to the physical properties of the material.
关键词： refractive index mapping,waveguides,boson band vibrations,chalcogenide glass,femtosecond laser inscription
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Characterisation of silicon fibre Bragg grating in near-infrared band for strain and temperature sensing
摘要： Fibre Bragg grating inscription in the crystalline silicon (Si)-core fibre is described using visible light femtosecond laser pulses. The femtosecond pulses at 517 nm propagate through the transparent silica glass cladding and are fully absorbed by the Si core generating locally high temperatures and stress fields in forming the grating periods. The Si FBGs were characterised in reflection, calibrated for a first time as strain and temperature sensors and compared with that of FBGs inscribed in standard silica fibres.
关键词： temperature sensing,femtosecond laser inscription,silicon fibre Bragg grating,near-infrared band,strain sensing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04