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Characterization of laser beam offset welding of titanium to steel with 38Zn-61Cu alloy filler
摘要： Laser welding of TC4 Titanium (Ti) alloy to 304 austenitic stainless steel (SS) has been applied using 38Zn-61Cu alloy as filler metal. A new welding process for SS-Ti alloy joint was introduced on the basis of the controlling the formation of Ti-Fe intermetallics in the joint. One pass welding involving creation of a joint with one fusion weld and one diffusion weld separated by remaining unmelted Ti alloy. When laser beam on the Ti alloy side was 1.5 mm, Ti alloy would not be completely melted in joint. Through heat conduction of unmelted Ti alloy, the atomic diffusion occurred at the SS-Ti alloy interface. A diffusion weld was formed at the SS-Ti alloy interface with the main microstructure of β-CuZn + Fe3Zn7, β-CuZn and Ti2Zn3 + Ti3Cu4. The joint fractured at the diffusion weld with the maximum tensile strength of 128 MPa.
关键词： Diffusion welding,Microstructure,TC4 Ti alloy,Filler metal,304 austenitic stainless steel,Laser welding
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[Laser Institute of America ICALEO? 2016: 35th International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - San Diego, California, USA (October 16–20, 2016)] International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - Experimental and numerical study on laser welding of glass using a CO2 laser and glass fiber as filler material
摘要： Automated laser welding with filler wires for bridging gaps and for connecting complex devices has been established for different metal materials. In spite of that, it is still a challenge to transfer this welding process to the brittle material glass. Therefore, glass welding is often realized through a manual process by heating the glass with a gas flame. In addition, welding of non-rotational components requires filler material for gap bridging between the joining partners, which is applied manually today. This work presents an experimental and numerical study on laser welding of fused silica using glass fiber as a filler material to bridge gaps. The goal was to achieve a defined weld penetration depth and heat affected zone which is important for the production of optical elements. Therefore, a CO2 laser heats up the glass components as well as the glass fiber within a temperature controlled welding process. The numerical investigations were used to identify the general process window for welding fused silica. Within the experimental study, the process parameters, such as the defined welding temperature, laser focal spot size, and feed rate were varied to investigate their impact on the welding outcome. In addition, the impact of the filler wire coating on the material composition of the welded component in the joint zone was investigated. Compared to the manual process, laser welding with glass fiber as a filling material leads to a highly reproducible process enabling a high automation level.
关键词： fused silica,temperature controlled welding,heat affected zone,laser welding,glass fiber,filler material,glass,CO2 laser,weld penetration depth
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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High Power Fiber Laser Welding with Filler Material
摘要： Industry today is continually challenged to improve quality, reliability, reduced cycle times, and improve the overall manufacturing efficiency. This is driving manufacturers across various market sectors to consider fiber laser welding and the possibility to automate their welding processes to improve consistency and part quality. Another driver is the changing workforce dynamics. It is hard to find or train skilled workers who can consistently and reliably weld aluminum, titanium, and high-strength nickel alloys. This is particularly true when welding with filler material where the base materials are subject to porosity and cracking during the welding process.
关键词： Fiber Laser Welding,Titanium,Filler Material,Nickel Alloys,Aluminium,Laser Welding
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser Brazing of Dissimilar Joint of Austenitic Stainless Steel and Pure Copper
摘要： In many industries, there are applications that require the joining of stainless steel and copper components; therefore, the welding of dissimilar stainless steel/copper joints is a common process. For this investigation, the optimal brazing conditions and suitable filler metals for laser brazing of stainless steel/copper lap joints were studied. Tensile shear force increases with increases in the laser spot diameter or in the laser irradiation angle, which is associated with increased bonding width; however, as bonding width approaches 2 mm, tensile shear force reaches a saturated value due to fracturing at the HAZ of the Cu base plate. In order to obtain joints with high tensile shear strength, laser brazing was optimized by using Cu-Si-based filler metal under the following conditions: laser power: 4 kW; spot diameter: 3mm; laser irradiation angle: 80 degrees; irradiation position shift: 0.6 mm; brazing speed: 0.30 m/min; and filler metal feed speed: 0.30 min. Concerning filler metals, it was found that the Ni-Cu type showed relatively large tensile shear force even at high welding speeds in comparison with those of the Cu-Si, Cu, Cu-Ni, Ni-Cu and Ni types, respectively.
关键词： Laser brazing,Copper,Filler metal,Dissimilar material,Stainless steel,Brazing condition
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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An Analytical Model for Filler Wire Heating and Melting during Wire Feed Laser Deposition
摘要： Additive technologies, in particular, wire-feed laser deposition, can significantly reduce the production cycle of manufacturing large-sized parts or parts of complex shape due to partial or complete elimination of technological operations such as casting, machining and welding. The aim of the work is to develop an analytical model of heating and melting of the filler wire during wire-feed laser deposition. The heat conduction problem was solved by the functional-analytical methods. The practical effectiveness of the functional-analytical methods with respect to computational time is several orders of magnitude higher than numerical ones. Obtained analytical solution made it possible to determine the temperature field for heat flux arbitrarily distributed on the filler wire surface. It is established that at a higher feed rate, the wire tip is completely melted at a greater distance from the laser axis. The shape of the melting surface also depends on the feed rate. At a slow feed rate, a more uniform heating of the wire over the cross section occurs. The melting surface has a small angle of inclination.
关键词： Temperature field,Green’s function,Heat source,Laser deposition,Filler wire
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Water cooling assisted laser dissimilar welding with filler wire of nickel-based alloy/austenitic stainless steel
摘要： To clarify the e?ects of water cooling on solidi?cation behavior of pulsed laser welding of Nickel-based alloy/austenitic stainless steel with ?ller wire, and to improve the mechanical properties of laser welded joints, the analyses of morphology, microstructure, anti-peel property and micro-hardness were carried out. The results indicated that adding water cooling increased cooling rate and temperature gradient of the weld. And the addition of water cooling made constitutional supercooling of the weld easier, so that the solidi?cation rate increased with the increase of the temperature gradient. Therefore, the weld grain was re?ned by about 28%, and the average width of unmixed zone decreased by 35%, with a low volume fraction of Mo-rich precipitated phase consisting of p phase and μ phase. The μ phase was discovered in laser welding Nickel-based alloy/austenitic stainless. Both p phase and μ phase had a good coherent relationship with the matrix, which resulted in the low phase boundary energy between precipitated phase and matrix. The coherent relationship is described as [1 4 3] p // [5 3 1] γ between the p phase and the matrix. And the coherent relationship is described as [1 2 0] μ // [2 2 1] γ between the μ phase and the matrix. There are the stacking faults in the μ phase along the direction of [1 1 0], which is one of the slip system in μ phase. At the same time coherent relationship between p phase and matrix is better than that of μ phase. The micro-hardness, load capacity per length, and anti-peel stress were improved by 10.5%, 8.1%, and 11.8%, respectively.
关键词： Ni-based alloy,Precipitated phase,Filler wire,Water cooling assisted,Laser dissimilar welding
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A near-vertical approach to Laser Narrow Gap Multi-Layer Welding
摘要： A novel, near-vertical approach to the usually horizontal laser Narrow Gap Multi-Layer Welding process is introduced. The process is applied to join X100 pipeline steel and studied through High Speed Imaging. The produced welded joints are compared to their horizontally welded counterparts using 3D scanning, longitudinal & perpendicular cross sections and Computed Tomography analysis. The near-vertical approach is found to be robust and produce welded joints with a uniform appearance. The top surface exhibits certain reoccurring morphological features, and variations in internal track melting boundaries are observed. Any observed cavities appear similar to those produced using the horizontal process, with the difference of their orientation. A combination of the horizontal and the near-vertical process could be beneficial; the near-vertical approach offers potential for shorter inter-layer time and the horizontal method for better surface finish than that of its counterpart. Potential benefits of, and improvements to, the near-vertical process are discussed.
关键词： Vertical welding,Filler wire,Narrow Gap,Multi-layer,Laser welding
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Weldability of TWIP and DP steel dissimilar joint by laser arc hybrid welding with austenitic filler
摘要： In this paper, an innovative 18% Mn austenitic TWIP steel, which exhibits a very good combination of strength and ductility, was joined by laser arc hybrid welding to a conventional DP steel, which consists of ferrite and martensite obtained by an inter-critical heat treatment and fast cooling. An austenitic filler wire was used to improve the weld strength by avoiding the formation of Mn segregations and improper microstructures in the fusion zone by Mn dilution. Metallographic examinations, microhardness and tensile tests were carried out to assess the effects of the laser and materials interaction on the weldability of TWIP-DP dissimilar welds. Hybrid welding and austenitic filler can have a positive effect on the weldability of the DP-TWIP dissimilar joint.
关键词： DP Steel,TWIP Steel,Dissimilar Weld,Laser Arc Hybrid Welding,Austenitic Filler
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Fiber laser-MAG hybrid welding of DP/AISI 316 and TWIP/AISI 316 dissimilar weld
摘要： In this paper, TWinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP), Dual Phase (DP) and austenitic stainless (AISI 316) steels were joined together by hybrid laser/arc welding with an austenitic steel filler. Microstructural and mechanical characterization of welded joints was carried out by optical microscopy, microhardness, tensile and bend tests. The heat affected zone (HAZ) at the TWIP side was fully austenitic and exhibited a grain coarsening; at the DP side, new martensite formed close to the fusion zone and other phase transformations occurred moving toward the base metal; at the AISI 316 side, stringers of untreated ferrite δ inside the austenitic matrix was observed. All the tensile welded specimens broke within austenitic stainless steel. TWIP/AISI 316 welds exhibited a greater tensile strength than DP/AISI 316 ones. The bending tests confirmed the ductility of both sorts of joints.
关键词： Dissimilar weld,AISI 316 steel,Hybrid laser arc welding,Mechanical and microstructural characterization,Austenitic filler,Twip steel,DP steel
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Effect of powder feeding rate on heat and mass transfer behaviors during filler powder laser welding
摘要： The heat and mass transfer behavior is the influencing factor of welding quality, during filler powder laser welding. The characteristics of plasma and keyhole can characterize the heat and mass transfer behavior. Experimental platforms were built to observe the effect of powder feeding rate on the heat and mass transfer behavior. The main results of the experiment are as follows. In the process of filler powder laser welding, the keyhole depth and fusion depth were improved by selecting the critical value of powder feeding rate 5 g/min as the welding process parameter. When the powder feeding rate exceeded the critical value, the electron temperature and electron density decreased and increased respectively. The keyhole depth decreased with the increase of the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption coefficient of the keyhole plasma at the top of the keyhole. The keyhole area increased with the increase of plasma pressure at the keyhole opening. The inverse bremsstrahlung absorption of plasma plume and the number of powder particles sprayed into the molten pool were the factors that caused the decrease of the surface temperature and the length of the molten pool.
关键词： Plasma pressure,Inverse bremsstrahlung absorption,Heat and mass transfer behavior,Filler powder laser welding
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22