- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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[IEEE GLOBECOM 2019 - 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference - Waikoloa, HI, USA (2019.12.9-2019.12.13)] 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) - Stereo Ranging Method Using LED Transmitter for Visible Light Communication
摘要： At the request of the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO), a Study Committee comprised of representatives from the American Physical Society, Panel on Public Affairs, the IEEE, and Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society performed a technical review of the DNDO Transformational and Applied Research Directorate (TARD) R&D program. TARD’s principal objective is to address gaps in the Global Nuclear Detection Architecture (GNDA) through improvements in the performance, cost, and operational burden of detectors and systems. The charge to the Study Committee was to investigate the existing TARD R&D plan and portfolio, recommend changes to the existing plan, and recommend possible new R&D areas and opportunities. This report is the result of an independent, detailed analysis of the current R&D plan and includes, for each application area, observations, and recommendations to focus future investments within the context of the TARD mission.
关键词： radiation detection,Algorithms and modeling,nuclear forensics,shielded nuclear materials
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Spatially-resolved uranium isotopic analysis of contaminated scrap metal using laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS
摘要： Laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS) was applied to the detailed investigation of the uranium (U) isotopic composition (234U, 235U, 236U, and 238U) of five contaminated scrap metal samples found within the European Union. Pressed pellets of the two certified U isotopic reference materials CRM U-020 and CRM U-030 were included in the measurement protocol for mass bias correction, calculation of the ion counter gains and for quality assurance. Since the investigated samples had low U content (0.15–14.3 wt%) compared to typically analysed pure U compounds (>60 wt%), the applied experimental parameters had to be adjusted. Spatially-resolved U isotopic information was obtained by line scan analysis of each sample. While other analytical techniques used typically in nuclear forensic investigations, such as g-spectrometry and thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS) yielded average U isotopic compositions of the entire sample, LA-MC-ICP-MS provided substantial added value, highlighting the inhomogeneous distribution of U isotopes within various scrap metal samples. Analysis of individual particles via secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) confirmed the large range of 235U enrichment levels in heterogeneous scrap metal samples. Four out of five scrap metal samples contained 236U ((cid:1)0.05–(cid:1)0.11 wt%), indicating the presence of reprocessed U. Taken together, LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis provided fast and accurate spatially-resolved U isotopic information without consuming or altering the scrap metal samples, a key feature for nuclear forensics investigations.
关键词： nuclear forensics,Laser ablation,multi-collector ICP-MS,uranium isotopic analysis,scrap metal
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Performance Evaluation of Commercially Relevant p-Type Silicon Cell Architectures
摘要： Although sensor pattern noise (SPN) has been proved to be an effective means to uniquely identify digital cameras, some non-unique artifacts, shared among cameras undergo the same or similar in-camera processing procedures, often give rise to false identifications. Therefore, it is desirable and necessary to suppress these unwanted artifacts so as to improve the accuracy and reliability. In this paper, we propose a novel preprocessing approach for attenuating the influence of the non-unique artifacts on the reference SPN to reduce the false identification rate. Specifically, we equalize the magnitude spectrum of the reference SPN through detecting and suppressing the peaks according to the local characteristics, aiming at removing the interfering periodic artifacts. Combined with six SPN extractions or enhancement methods, our proposed spectrum equalization algorithm is evaluated on the Dresden image database as well as our own database, and compared with the state-of-the-art preprocessing schemes. The experimental results indicate that the proposed procedure outperforms, or at least performs comparable with, the existing methods in terms of the overall receiver operating characteristic curves and kappa statistic computed from a confusion matrix, and tends to be more resistant to JPEG compression for medium and small image blocks.
关键词： source camera identification (SCI),spectrum equalization,Multimedia forensics,sensor pattern noise,PRNU.
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Analytical Expressions for Radiative Losses in Solar Cells
摘要： Sensor imperfections in the form of photoresponse nonuniformity (PRNU) patterns are a well-established ?ngerprinting technique to link pictures to the camera sensors that acquired them. The noise-like characteristics of the PRNU pattern make it a dif?cult object to compress, thus hindering many interesting applications that would require storage of a large number of ?ngerprints or transmission over a bandlimited channel for real-time camera matching. In this paper, we propose to use real-valued or binary random projections to effectively compress the ?ngerprints at a small cost in terms of matching accuracy. The performance of randomly projected ?ngerprints is analyzed from a theoretical standpoint and experimentally veri?ed on databases of real photographs. Practical issues concerning the complexity of implementing random projections are also addressed using circulant matrices.
关键词： image forensics,PRNU,Random projections
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 11th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN) - Chongqing, China (2019.6.12-2019.6.15)] 2019 IEEE 11th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN) - Research of All-optical Broadcast Doublet Signals Based on Semiconductor Fiber Ring Laser
摘要： Attack traceability and attribution are two of the main tasks of IT forensics. To support this, IT forensics is not limited to investigate data after the attack has taken place. Already before the attack, an optimal environment for a subsequent investigation has to be created. While this is primarily focused on ordinary logging, we propose to set both degree and characteristics of logging, based on geolocation. Thus, for conspicuous locations, more knowledge is gathered and stored in advance (georeputation). Next to this, due to the fact that the distribution of IP addresses is not static, additional information is stored to, e.g., determine the Internet service provider, which was responsible for the IP at the time the crime was committed. This additional data also contains geoinformation that can be used later to reconstruct attack routes and to identify and analyze distributed attacks. For these purposes, however, the IP localization mechanisms, i.e., the underlying method for geolocation, must be very accurate. Therefore, next to highlighting, the bene?ts of including geobased information and providing our architecture in order to do so, this publication also investigates accuracy and reliability of geoinformation and provides its own geolocation architecture and a corresponding prototype, including an evaluation.
关键词： georeputation,Attribution,preincident preparation,geolocation,IT forensics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Design Rules to Fully Benefit From Bifaciality in Two-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
摘要： Attack traceability and attribution are two of the main tasks of IT forensics. To support this, IT forensics is not limited to investigate data after the attack has taken place. Already before the attack, an optimal environment for a subsequent investigation has to be created. While this is primarily focused on ordinary logging, we propose to set both degree and characteristics of logging, based on geolocation. Thus, for conspicuous locations, more knowledge is gathered and stored in advance (georeputation). Next to this, due to the fact that the distribution of IP addresses is not static, additional information is stored to, e.g., determine the Internet service provider, which was responsible for the IP at the time the crime was committed. This additional data also contains geoinformation that can be used later to reconstruct attack routes and to identify and analyze distributed attacks. For these purposes, however, the IP localization mechanisms, i.e., the underlying method for geolocation, must be very accurate. Therefore, next to highlighting, the bene?ts of including geobased information and providing our architecture in order to do so, this publication also investigates accuracy and reliability of geoinformation and provides its own geolocation architecture and a corresponding prototype, including an evaluation.
关键词： geolocation,preincident preparation,Attribution,IT forensics,georeputation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Differences in the Vibrational Spectra of MoS <sub/>2</sub> Nanoparticles and Microcrystallites, the Manifestation of Nonlinear Resonant Wave Processes
摘要： Sensor imperfections in the form of photoresponse nonuniformity (PRNU) patterns are a well-established ?ngerprinting technique to link pictures to the camera sensors that acquired them. The noise-like characteristics of the PRNU pattern make it a dif?cult object to compress, thus hindering many interesting applications that would require storage of a large number of ?ngerprints or transmission over a bandlimited channel for real-time camera matching. In this paper, we propose to use real-valued or binary random projections to effectively compress the ?ngerprints at a small cost in terms of matching accuracy. The performance of randomly projected ?ngerprints is analyzed from a theoretical standpoint and experimentally veri?ed on databases of real photographs. Practical issues concerning the complexity of implementing random projections are also addressed using circulant matrices.
关键词： PRNU,Random projections,image forensics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC) - Farmingdale, NY, USA (2019.10.17-2019.10.18)] 2019 International Energy and Sustainability Conference (IESC) - Incentives for the development of photovoltaic energy in a developing country, case study
摘要： Digital evidence is increasingly used in juridical proceedings. In some recent legal cases, the verdict has been strongly in?uenced by the digital evidence proffered by the defense. Digital traces can be left on computers, phones, digital cameras, and also on remote machines belonging to ISPs, telephone providers, companies that provide services via Internet such as YouTube, Facebook, Gmail, and so on. This paper presents a methodology for the automated production of predetermined digital evidence, which can be leveraged to forge a digital alibi. It is based on the use of an automation, a program meant to simulate any common user activity. In addition to wanted traces, the automation may produce a number of unwanted traces, which may be disclosed upon a digital forensic analysis. These include data remanence of suspicious ?les, as well as any kind of logs generated by the operating system modules and services. The proposed methodology describes a process to design, implement, and execute the automation on a target system, and to properly handle both wanted and unwanted evidence. Many experiments with different combinations of automation tools and operating systems are conducted. This paper presents an implementation of the methodology through VBScript on Windows 7. A forensic analysis on the target system is not suf?cient to reveal that the alibi is forged by automation. These considerations emphasize the difference between digital and traditional evidence. Digital evidence is always circumstantial, and therefore it should be considered relevant only if supported by stronger evidence collected through traditional investigation techniques. Thus, a Court verdict should not be based solely on digital evidence.
关键词： digital forensics,antiforensics,automated alibi,Digital evidence,digital alibi,false digital alibi,false alibi,counter-forensics,digital investigation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Comment on a??Hybrid Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton and Substrate Integrated Waveguide Broadband Bandpass Filter With Wide Out-of-Band Rejectiona??
摘要： Digital evidence is increasingly used in juridical proceedings. In some recent legal cases, the verdict has been strongly in?uenced by the digital evidence proffered by the defense. Digital traces can be left on computers, phones, digital cameras, and also on remote machines belonging to ISPs, telephone providers, companies that provide services via Internet such as YouTube, Facebook, Gmail, and so on. This paper presents a methodology for the automated production of predetermined digital evidence, which can be leveraged to forge a digital alibi. It is based on the use of an automation, a program meant to simulate any common user activity. In addition to wanted traces, the automation may produce a number of unwanted traces, which may be disclosed upon a digital forensic analysis. These include data remanence of suspicious ?les, as well as any kind of logs generated by the operating system modules and services. The proposed methodology describes a process to design, implement, and execute the automation on a target system, and to properly handle both wanted and unwanted evidence. Many experiments with different combinations of automation tools and operating systems are conducted. This paper presents an implementation of the methodology through VBScript on Windows 7. A forensic analysis on the target system is not suf?cient to reveal that the alibi is forged by automation. These considerations emphasize the difference between digital and traditional evidence. Digital evidence is always circumstantial, and therefore it should be considered relevant only if supported by stronger evidence collected through traditional investigation techniques. Thus, a Court verdict should not be based solely on digital evidence.
关键词： digital forensics,antiforensics,automated alibi,Digital evidence,digital alibi,false digital alibi,false alibi,counter-forensics,digital investigation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Forensic soil analysis using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Fourier transform infrared total attenuated reflectance spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR): Principles and case studies
摘要： Soils are crucial trace evidence that can establish or exclude the relationship between a suspect, victim, or an object at a particular scene, which could contribute to building a case. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy have been demonstrated to be effective techniques for soil characterization owing to its being rapid, non-destructive, and convenient analysis with little sample preparation requirements. Therefore, the principles of LIBS and FTIR-ATR techniques for soil forensic analysis in typical soil samples were investigated and their practical feasibility was tested by applying the techniques to forensic soil samples in two criminal cases. Principal component analysis (PCA) of a typical soil sample indicated that five typical soil types were clearly distinguished by LIBS and FTIR-ATR spectra. Variations in the soil elements (i.e., Si, Mg, Al, Ca, K, O, and N) and functional groups (i.e., O?H/N?H, C=C/C=O, Si?O, CO3 2?, Al?OH, and NH2) are crucial indicators for soil identification. The casework results demonstrated that both LIBS and FTIR-ATR show great potential for forensic soil analysis in future cases.
关键词： forensics,laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,criminalistics,Soil identification,mid-infrared attenuated reflectance spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59