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On the role of four-wave mixing effect in the interactions between nonlinear modes of coupled generalized nonlinear Schr?dinger equation
摘要： In this paper, we investigate the effect of four-wave mixing in the interactions among nonlinear waves such as solitons, breathers, and rogue waves of a coupled generalized nonlinear Schr?dinger equation. We explore several interesting results including superposition of breather pulses, increment in the number of breather pulses and in amplitudes of breathers, and rogue waves. By strengthening the four-wave mixing parameter, we observe different transformations that occur between different localized structures. For instance, we visualize a transformation from bright soliton to breather form, bright and dark rogue wave to four-petaled rogue wave structures, four-petaled rogue wave to other rogue wave forms, and so on. Another important observation that we report here is that the interaction of a bright soliton with a rogue wave in the presence of the four-wave mixing effect provides interaction between a dark oscillatory soliton and a rogue wave.
关键词： solitons,coupled generalized nonlinear Schr?dinger equation,breathers,four-wave mixing,rogue waves,nonlinear waves
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Spatial squeezing in bright twin beams generated with four-wave mixing: Constraints on characterization with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device camera
摘要： The observation of spatial quantum noise reduction, or spatial squeezing, with a large number of photons can lead to a significant advantage in quantum imaging and quantum metrology due to the scaling of the signal-to-noise ratio with the number of photons. Here we present a systematic study of the limiting factors that play a role on the measurement of spatial squeezing with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera in the limit of bright quantum states of light generated with a four-wave mixing process in an atomic vapor cell. We detect a total number of photons per beam of the order 108 in 1 μs pulses, which corresponds to a photon flux per beam of the order of 1014 photons per second. We then investigate the role of different parameters, such as cell temperature, pump power, laser detunings, scattered pump background noise, and timing sequences for the image acquisition with the EMCCD camera, on the level of spatial squeezing. We identify critical parameters to obtain an optimum squeezing level and demonstrate that for bright beams it is essential to acquire images at a rate fast enough to overcome the effect of classical technical noise.
关键词： spatial squeezing,atomic vapor cell,quantum imaging,spatial quantum noise reduction,quantum metrology,four-wave mixing,EMCCD camera
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Tunable Quantum Beat of Single Photons Enabled by Nonlinear Nanophotonics
摘要： We demonstrate the tunable quantum beat of single photons through the co-development of core nonlinear nanophotonic technologies for frequency-domain manipulation of quantum states in a common physical platform. Spontaneous four-wave mixing in a nonlinear resonator is used to produce nondegenerate, quantum-correlated photon pairs. One photon from each pair is then frequency shifted, without degradation of photon statistics, using four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering in a second nonlinear resonator. Fine tuning of the applied frequency shift enables tunable quantum interference of the two photons as they are impinged on a beam splitter, with an oscillating signature that depends on their frequency difference. Our work showcases the potential of nonlinear nanophotonic devices as a valuable resource for photonic quantum-information science.
关键词： four-wave-mixing Bragg scattering,nonlinear nanophotonics,frequency-domain manipulation,quantum interference,quantum states,quantum beat,single photons,photonic quantum-information science,quantum-correlated photon pairs,spontaneous four-wave mixing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Kerr Optical Frequency Combs Generated Around 2-μm in a Dual-Pumped Brillouin Fiber Ring Resonator
摘要： Broadband coherent light sources consisting of equally-spaced discrete lines in the frequency domain, also called optical frequency combs (OFCs), constitute a very powerful tool in a vast number of applications such as optical frequency metrology, biology, and astronomical spectrograph calibration, optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), microwave generation and molecular spectroscopy [1–4]. The latter application has attracted significant interest especially in the mid-infrared range (from 2-μm to 16-μm) where various relevant molecules, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, exhibit vibration fingerprints. Various OFCs generated at 2-μm wavelengths have recently been reported based on different configurations [3,5]. In this communication, we demonstrate a simple and reconfigurable all-fibered system that generates symmetric optical frequency combs based on a dual-wavelength-pumped fiber ring cavity. More specifically, more than 20 symmetrical and stable optical frequency comb lines, with tunable frequency spacing and center wavelength, have been generated by exploiting both stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and cascaded four-wave-mixing (FWM) in the 2-μm wavelength region.
关键词： 2-μm wavelength,optical frequency combs,Brillouin scattering,four-wave-mixing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Polarization Modulation Instability in All-Normal Dispersion Microstructured Optical Fibers With Quasi-Continuous Pump
摘要： We report the experimental observation of the polarization modulation instability (PMI) effect in all-normal dispersion (ANDi) microstructured optical ?bers (MOFs) with quasi-continuous pumping. The small unintentional birefringence (～10?5), that any realistic non-polarization maintaining MOF exhibits, contributes to this nonlinear effect. PMI can produce two sidebands whose polarization state is orthogonal to the polarization of the pump. In this work, only one type of PMI process is observed, i.e., when the pump is polarized along the slow axis of the ?ber and sidebands are generated in the fast axis mode. This PMI process was studied experimentally in two ANDi ?bers with different dispersion features and pumped with long (700 ps) pump pulses at 1064 nm. Experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations, with reasonably good agreement.
关键词： Four-wave mixing,Optical polarization.,Microstructured optical ?bers,Chromatic dispersion,Fiber nonlinear optics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Broad-Band Optical Parametric Amplification in a Tapered Silicon Core Fiber Pumped in the Telecom Band
摘要： Silicon core ?bers (SCFs) are emerging as a robust and ?exible waveguide platform that can exploit the high nonlinear coef?cients of silicon to perform compact nonlinear processing within an integrated ?ber geometry. Optical parametric ampli?cation (OPA) based on four-wave mixing (FWM) has been studied intensively over the past decade using chip-based silicon waveguides for a variety of telecommunication applications such as all-optical signal sampling, time-demultiplexing, pulse generation, and wavelength conversion. However, due to the strong nonlinear absorption associated with two photon and free carrier effects in silicon at telecom wavelengths, net on/off parametric gain has not been observed using a continuous-wave (CW) signal, and even when using pulses the gain has been limited to be 5.2 dB. Here, by tapering the SCF to tailor the dimensions such that we can achieve high coupling ef?ciency into a core with a sub-micron-sized diameter, required to access the anomalous dispersion region, we demonstrate OPA with a positive on/off gain up to 6.6 dB and bandwidth of more than 220 nm. Eventually, when fully integrated with conventional ?bers and components to improve the robustness of the system, we expect these tapered SCFs will ?nd wide-ranging applications in areas that require ef?cient wavelength conversion across a broad spectral band.
关键词： optical parametric amplification,nonlinear absorption,Silicon core fibers,telecom wavelengths,four-wave mixing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Controllable Photon-Pair Spectral Correlations
摘要： Photon-pair states, whether spectrally correlated or separable, can all be very useful in quantum technology applications. For example, the former are used for improving the security of quantum key distribution, whilst the latter are the backbone in heralded single photon sources. It has been shown that the amount of spectral correlations is well-described by the shape of the Joint Spectral Amplitude function (JSA), which mostly depends on the relative group velocity relation between the pump, signal and idler photons within the source medium [1]. Here, we report on a photon-pair source whose states can be controlled from separable to spectrally entangled. The source is based on four-wave mixing nonlinear effect within a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF). It combines three important properties: (1) Raman-free generation thanks to the use of a noble gas and to a minute overlap with silica within the hollow-core [2]; (2) strong efficiency nonlinear medium and (3) a high versatility in the phase-matching conditions thanks to the fiber microstructuration and gas pressure tunability. The inhibited-coupling HCPCF (see Fig.1a) filled with xenon, was designed to operate at wavelengths that are convenient for heralded single photon sources; the idler lies in the telecom wavelength range (~ 1545 nm), while the signal wavelength is in the range of atomic transitions and Silicon single photon detectors (~ 778 nm). More importantly, we show how the multiband dispersion profile (see Fig. 1b) of such medium allows to tailor phase- and group velocity relations and possibly at any given wavelength from the UV to infrared [3]. We demonstrate experimentally an active control over the generated photon spectral-correlation that allows spectrally entangled and factorable states to be obtained within the same device (examples in Fig. 1c). More specifically, a gallery of different JSI, including exotic shape, is measured by tuning various parameters: gas pressure, pump spectral FWHM, spectral chirp and pump spectral envelope. Such a versatile photon-pair source can target both applications requiring factorable (heralded single photon) and correlated states (spectral entanglement) and paves the way to spectro-temporal mode encoding [4]. Furthermore, the photon-pair state is generated over an unprecedented tunable frequency-range that span well over tens of THz. We will present complete theoretical and experimental results demonstrating the full capacity of this platform to generate photon pair with controllable spectral properties.
关键词： photon-pair states,hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,spectral correlations,quantum technology,spectral entanglement,four-wave mixing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Research of laser cooling by the optical force between light field and the atoms
摘要： The interaction force in the four-waving mixing of a two-level atoms system is analyzed. A new rate equation and the formula of the optical force are obtained. By simulation and analysis with MATLAB software, the impulse curve is obtained. The impulse increases with probe-wave detuning increasing and then tends to saturation. When the Ra-bi frequency takes a certain value, the impulse can obtain relative maximum and the relative maximum increases with the Ra-bi frequency increasing. The relation between the most value and the parameters of Ra-bi frequency and probe-wave detuning is also researched. The impulse occurs minimum when probe-wave detuning is zero and Ra-bi frequency is zero, there is no maximum for the impulse, which is close to 0.02 in?nitely, the lowest temperature that can be reached is 248 μk. In addition, T2/T1 also has a signi?cant in?uence on the impulse.
关键词： Four-wave mixing,Laser cooling,Optical force,Two-level system
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A theory of waveguide design for plasmonic nanolasers
摘要： We propose a theory for the waveguide design and analysis for plasmonic nanolasers by reformulating the fundamental waveguide requirements. This theory does not rely on further optimizing previously used structures, but examines each possible design without prejudice. Our exploration of one-dimensional (i.e., layered) plasmonic nanowaveguide geometries and the subsequent extension to 2D structures not only provides a deep understanding of the characteristics of currently used designs, but also leads to superior structures with the potential to address long-standing challenges in plasmonic nanolasers. In addition, we discover analogies between the reformulated fundamental requirements for the waveguide for nanolasers and nanoscale four-wave mixing (FWM) devices. Therefore, after a slight modification, our theory can also be applied to the waveguide design for plasmonic FWM devices.
关键词： four-wave mixing,waveguide design,nanophotonics,plasmonic nanolasers
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Stability investigation of a multi-wavelength fiber linear cavity laser using a highly nonlinear fiber
摘要： A stable multi-wavelength fiber linear cavity laser based on cascaded four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this scheme, the instability caused by model competition between comb filtering of the Sagnac interferometer loop mirror and self-seeded cascaded stimulated Brillouin scattering in the fiber cavity is successfully mitigated by the self-stability mechanism in the highly nonlinear fiber. Fifteen stable laser lines within 3 dB flatness are obtained at a pump power of 550 mW. We believe this can be further improved and the cavity structure further simplified by optimizing the design of the erbium-doped fiber and improving pump efficiency. However, stable multi-wavelength operation cannot be obtained by using a similar linear cavity structure. Therefore, the stability mechanism of multi-wavelength fiber linear cavity lasers using highly nonlinear fiber is investigated in detail.
关键词： fiber lasers,highly nonlinear fiber,nonlinear optics,four-wave mixing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04