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- 实验方案
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Real-time motorized electrical hospital bed control with eye-gaze tracking
摘要： Patients with motor neuron disease and most terminal patients cannot use their hands or arms, and so they need another person for their all needs. However, the mental functions and memories of such patients are generally sound, and they can control their eyes. Using an eye-gaze tracking technique, we have realized a real-time system for such patients. The system controls a motorized electrical hospital bed (EHB) by eye gaze with 4 degrees of freedom, using a low-cost webcam. Contactless systems that require calibration cannot be used for EHB control. The system developed in this work does not require any calibration process and it is contactless. These properties are the most innovative part of the proposed approach. To begin, the system detects the eye region and computes the iris centers. It then tracks the centers and moves a mouse pointer on a screen with the eye gaze. The speci(cid:12)c movements of the mouse pointer are evaluated as position changing requests and the completed movements of the mouse pointer change the EHB position electrically. The communication between the computer and the EHB is provided by a relay control card driven by Arduino Mega. The system works under day/arti(cid:12)cial lighting conditions successfully with or without eyeglasses. The system was tested with 30 volunteers on the EHB safely and was completed with 90% success (the exceptions being people with slanted eyes).
关键词： electrical hospital bed,Calibration-free eye tracking,real-time eye-gaze tracking,eye-based mouse control
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[ACM Press the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium - Pau, France (2018.04.09-2018.04.13)] Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing - SAC '18 - Accelerated exhaustive eye glints localization method for infrared video oculography
摘要： Human eye glints localization could significantly and directly improve accuracy of gaze tracking, especially when several glints are localized precisely at the same time. However, traditional algorithms have not ensured the accuracy of glints localization to be used for gaze tracking. Aiming at the problem in infrared video oculography that those glints reflected on the surface of eye iris could be hard to identify and localize, we propose an algorithm for precisely and exhaustively locating eye glints of high accuracy with accelerated process. Our contributions are two-folded. (1). We propose an exhaustive eye glints localization algorithm, which could guarantee both 94.9% recognition rate and < 1 pixel positional accuracy under various brightness conditions. (2). We propose methods to accelerate our algorithm, including a modified quadratic ellipse difference algorithm and video frame difference examination, which guarantee the real-time video processing requirement for gaze tracking system.
关键词： glints tracking,gaze tracking,glints localization,ellipse difference method,pupil detection
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Focus Assessment Method of Gaze Tracking Camera Based on ε-Support Vector Regression
摘要： In order to capture an eye image of high quality in a gaze-tracking camera, an auto-focusing mechanism is used, which requires accurate focus assessment. Although there has been previous research on focus assessment in the spatial or wavelet domains, there are few previous studies that combine all of the methods of spatial and wavelet domains. Since all of the previous focus assessments in the spatial or wavelet domain methods have disadvantages, such as being affected by illumination variation, etc., we propose a new focus assessment method by combining the spatial and wavelet domain methods for the gaze-tracking camera. This research is novel in the following three ways, in comparison with the previous methods. First, the proposed focus assessment method combines the advantages of spatial and wavelet domain methods by using ε-support vector regression (SVR) with a symmetrical Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) kernel. In order to prevent the focus score from being affected by a change in image brightness, both linear and nonlinear normalizations are adopted in the focus score calculation. Second, based on the camera optics, we mathematically prove the reason for the increase in the focus score in the case of daytime images or a brighter illuminator compared to nighttime images or a darker illuminator. Third, we propose a new criterion to compare the accuracies of the focus measurement methods. This criterion is based on the ratio of relative overlapping amount (standard deviation of focus score) between two adjacent positions along the Z-axis to the entire range of focus score variety between these two points. Experimental results showed that the proposed method outperforms other methods.
关键词： ε-support vector regression with a symmetrical Gaussian radial basis function kernel,auto-focusing,focus assessment,camera optics,gaze-tracking camera
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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The Usefulness of Gaze Tracking as an Index of Visual Field Reliability in Glaucoma Patients
摘要： PURPOSE. We evaluated the usefulness of gaze tracking (GT) results as an index of visual ?eld reliability in glaucoma. METHODS. The study population consisted of 631 eyes of 400 patients with open angle glaucoma in an institutional practice, with 10 visual ?elds (VFs). For the observational procedure, visual ?xation was assessed using the gaze ?xation chart at the bottom of the VF (Humphrey Field Analyzer, 30-2 SITA standard) printout. Average frequency of eye movement between 18 and 28 (move1–2), 38 and 58 (move3–5), and greater than or equal to 68 (move?6) were calculated. In addition, average tracking failure frequency (TFF) and average blinking frequency (BF) were calculated. The relationship between mean deviation (MD), ?xation losses (FLs), false-positives (FPs), false-negatives (FNs), move1–2, move3–5, move?6, TFF, BF, and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were evaluated using linear modeling. Main outcome measures included parameters related to over- or underestimation of MD values. RESULTS. Patients’ mean MD progression rate was (cid:2)0.23 dB/y. The best model to predict MD values included FL rate, FP rate, move3–5, move?6, TFF, BF, and PSD as dependent variables with coef?cients of 0.90, 9.2, (cid:2)0.57, (cid:2)0.52, (cid:2)2.2, (cid:2)1.1, and (cid:2)0.56, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS. High FL and FP rates tend to raise MD values. By contrast, high values of move3–5, move?6, TFF, BF, and PSD tend to lower MD values. Thus, GT parameters can be used as new indices of VF reliability through the prediction of over- or underestimation of VF results.
关键词： glaucoma,visual ?eld,gaze tracking
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14