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Distributed Thermal Response Tests Using a Heating Cable and Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing
摘要： Thermal response tests are used to assess the subsurface thermal conductivity to design ground-coupled heat pump systems. Conventional tests are cumbersome and require a source of high power to heat water circulating in a pilot ground heat exchanger. An alternative test method using heating cable was verified in the field as an option to conduct this heat injection experiment with a low power source and a compact equipment. Two thermal response tests using heating cable sections and a continuous heating cable were performed in two experimental heat exchangers on different sites in Canada and France. The temperature evolution during the tests was monitored using submersible sensors and fiber optic distributed temperature sensing. Free convection that can occur in the pipe of the heat exchanger was evaluated using the Rayleigh number stability criterion. The finite and infinite line source equations were used to reproduce temperature variations along the heating cable sections and continuous heating cable, respectively. The thermal conductivity profile of each site was inferred and the uncertainly of the test was evaluated. A mean thermal conductivity 15% higher than that revealed with the conventional test was estimated with heating cable sections. The thermal conductivity evaluated using the continuous heating cable corresponds to the value estimated during the conventional test. The average uncertainly associated with the heating cable section test was 15.18%, while an uncertainty of 2.14% was estimated for the test with the continuous heating cable. According to the Rayleigh number stability criterion, significant free convection can occur during the heat injection period when heating cable sections are used. The continuous heating cable with a low power source is a promising method to perform thermal response tests and further tests could be carried out in deep boreholes to verify its applicability.
关键词： fiber optic,geothermal,heating cable,thermal response test,thermal conductivity
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Characterization and analysis on micro-hardness and microstructure evolution of brass subjected to laser shock peening
摘要： In view of the temperature distribution of the high-temperature geothermal tunnels, the surrounding rock temperature was divided into four grades (40 (cid:1)C, 60 (cid:1)C, 80 (cid:1)C and 100 (cid:1)C) to simulate the hot-dry environment. Using the standard curing environment as a reference condition, the mechanical properties and pore structure characteristics of concrete for shotcrete use under hot-dry environments at different temperatures were studied by mechanical and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests. Fractal dimension of pore structure was calculated through the fractal model based on thermodynamic method. Bivariate correlation analysis was conducted on the curing temperature and the pore structure parameters. The results show that the 40 (cid:1)C hot-dry environment is conducive to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete and optimize its pore structure at the age of 1d. However, the hot-dry environments after 7 days will deteriorate the mechanical properties and pore structure of concrete, and the higher the temperature, the more obvious the deterioration. There is a significant correlation between curing temperature and porosity of capillary pores, median pore diameter, average pore diameter and fractal dimension.
关键词： Pore structure,Surrounding rock temperature,Mechanical property,Fractal dimension,Concrete for shotcrete use,High-temperature geothermal tunnel,Hot-dry environment
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Proceedings [EAGE Publications BV 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019 - London, UK (2019.06.03-2019.06.06)] 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019 - Principal Investigation of Laser Jet Drilling Process and Field Implementation for Hard Rock and Geothermal Applications
摘要： This paper discusses the LaserJet Drilling lab and field test implementation results including fundamental investigations on laser-rock destruction/drilling mechanisms and related analysis and evaluation processes.
关键词： geothermal applications,rock destruction mechanisms,thermal drilling,hard rock,LaserJet Drilling
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES 2017 (ISCPMS2017) - Bali, Indonesia (26–27 July 2017)] - Imaging structural control of geothermal reservoir using remote sensing and gravity data analysis in Blawan-Ijen, East Java, Indonesia
摘要： Ijen Volcanic Complex is part of the Quartenary volcanic front of the Sunda Arc. The arc is a subduction system as a result of the northward subduction of the Indo-Australian plate underneath the Eurasian plate. This paper presents remote sensing data analysis and gravity data interpretation to understand the geological structure and its correlation to the geothermal system. The remote sensing analysis is performed using morphostructure approach. Furthermore, the gravity survey also had been carried out in the Ijen Volcanic Complex in 2017. A total of 72 gravity stations were measured with station spacing about 1-1.5 km. The gravity anomaly was then separated into regional and residual anomaly using the first order of TSA method. A high bouguer anomaly found in the southwest area and then continued to the northeast area. The high bouguer anomaly in the southwest area is might be associated with the existence of several volcanoes such as Mt. Mlaten, Mt. Lingker, Mt. Anyar, and Mt. Pendil. Futhermore, the low bouguer anomaly that is seen in the southeast area is probably caused by the collapse of the Mt. Kukusan. Moreover, a high residual gravity anomaly in the center of the caldera is coincided with the geological structure intersection of Kawahwurung fault, Blawan fault and Kendeng-Merapi fault.
关键词： remote sensing,Structures,East Java,Blawan-Ijen,geothermal reservoir,gravity analysis
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[Sustainable Energy Developments] Geothermal,Wind and Solar Energy Applications in Agriculture and Aquaculture || Chapter 7: Fundamentals of solar energy
摘要： Modern agricultural systems are characterized by the intensive and optimal use of land and water, turning agricultural exploitation into a semi-industrial concept. Greenhouses are systems suitable both for zones with unfavorable climatic conditions – allowing crop growth regardless of the ambient temperature – and for regions with less restrictive weather – with the aim of increasing crop productivity and improving fruit quality. In this context, a secure and environmentally friendly energy supply must be considered, for any power range or circumstance, including for stand-alone installations. Crop growth is primarily determined by climate and the amount of water and fertilizers applied through irrigation. Therefore, greenhouses are ideal for farming because they allow one to optimize these physical parameters, via the photosynthetic process (Ramírez-Arias et al., 2012), to enhance biomass production. This manipulation requires energy consumption, depending on the crop’s physiological requirements, and the production patterns adopted for yield quantity and timing. The present general concern on the development of more efficient and sustainable productive activities has increased interest in the evaluation of alternatives to the conventional energy sources in the sector; presently many are involved in processes for assessing the environmental feasibility and technological development of such alternatives (Antón et al., 2007; Bojacá et al., 2014; Martínez-Blanco et al., 2011; Page et al., 2012; Romero-Gámez et al., 2012; Torrellas et al., 2013; van der Werf et al., 2014). This work aims to provide an overview of the existing options for the integration of renewable sources in greenhouses located in semi-arid regions where, for example, the high availability of solar radiation facilitates its use for the fulfillment of a certain percentage of the heat and/or electricity loads of greenhouses. Accordingly, this overview contains the basic technological aspects of the main renewable technologies applicable in greenhouses, some simplified design tools and criteria for their selection. Finally, it includes a summary of selected experiences in this field. The main objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the technologies that should support the promotion and development of projects for the implementation of renewable energies in agriculture.
关键词： biomass,geothermal energy,wind energy,semi-arid climates,crop growth control,renewable energy,photovoltaic,greenhouses,energy efficiency,solar energy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14