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Impact of photodynamic therapy versus ultrasonic scaler on gingival health during treatment with orthodontic fixed appliances
摘要： Objectives: Poor oral hygiene during treatment with fixed appliances results in plaque accumulation. The presence of bacteria in the gingival crevice triggers an inflammatory reaction in the gingival tissues. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of two preventive treatments, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and ultrasonic scaler (US), on gingival health in patients under fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: Twenty orthodontic patients were randomly allocated to two groups: PDT or US. Each group received seven sessions [days 0, 15, 30, 45, 90 (3-months follow-up), 180 (6-months follow-up), 270 (9-months follow-up)] of experimental interventions, and clinical parameters [Plaque index(PI); gingival index(GI); probing depth(PD)], periodontopathogens [Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Micromonas micros; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Tannerella forsythia; Campylobacter rectus; Eikenella corrodens; Capnocytophaga sp.] and protein markers [IL-1b;IL-1ra;IL-6;IL-10; TNF-a;FGF-2/FGF basic] were monitored at baseline and at 3, 6, and 9 months. ANOVA, Student’s t-test with Bonferroni correction and ANOVA with multiple rank test were used to identify differences between groups (P < 0.05). Results: Clinical assessments [PI, GI, and PD] yielded no differences (P > 0.05) between groups, which showed a major decrease at the start of the trial. Reductions in total colony forming units (log CFU reduction) were observed with both treatments, although to a greater extent in the PDT group, but with no differences between groups (P > 0.05). Similar reductions in log CFU counts of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum were observed in both groups (P > 0.05). The two groups also showed similar trends for inflammatory mediators with decreased levels of IL-1b, IL-10, and TNF-a, whereas IL-6 and IL-1ra levels remained stable and those of FGF-2 were increased after both interventions, with no differences (P > 0.05) between groups. Conclusion: Both PDT and US methods proved similar effectiveness for the treatment of gingival inflammation induced by fixed orthodontic appliances.
关键词： photodynamic therapy,cytokines,ultrasonic scaler,orthodontic treatment,gingival inflammation,periodontopathogens
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Efficacy of photodynamic therapy vs ultrasonic scaler for preventing gingival inflammation and white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment
摘要： The effectiveness of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was compared vs ultrasonic scaler (US) as prophylactic methods for oral decontamination during the orthodontic treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in FMPS, FMBS, PD, ICDAS scores and counts of P. gingivalis, P.intermedia and mutans streptococci at T1, T2 and T3 follow-ups. Based in the protocol designed, PDT and US allowed in a similar way to control the extent of the enamel demineralization until 6 months post-treatment and the progression of the gingival inflammation until 9 months post-treatment.
关键词： gingival inflammation,ultrasonic scaler,orthodontics,Photodynamic therapy,white spots
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01