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Measurements, Mechanisms, and Models of Heat Transport || A Macroscopic Model of Blackbody Emissions With Implications
摘要： Measurements of heat transfer in gas, pourable liquids, and nonmetallic solids point to diffusion of radiation being an essential component of heat transport (Chapter 5, Chapter 6 and Chapter 7). Diffusive radiation of heat is a direct outcome of a kinetic theory of gas that incorporates the inelastic nature of collisions (Chapter 5). Long ago, Lommel (1878) associated blackbody (BB) emissions from solids with inelastic losses, and specifically discussed damping of atomic vibrations (Kangro, 1976), but was unable to provide a formula for thermal emissions. His ideas were set aside in the early 1900s. Yet, strong theoretical support for inelasticity exists in the laws of thermodynamics, when these are framed in terms of the macroscopic behavior of light (Chapter 1 and Chapter 5). Fourier’s laws, which describe heat transfer as energy flowing through a medium (Chapter 3), are also consistent with diffusive of radiation explaining conduction in solids.
关键词： blackbody emissions,inelastic collisions,diffusive radiation,heat transfer,thermal emissions,kinetic theory,Fourier’s laws,thermodynamics
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Multi-Party Energy Management and Economics of Integrated Energy Microgrid with PV/T and CHP system
摘要： Focusing on electricity and thermal energy requirement of contemporary buildings, a joint operation of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) based prosumers and a Microturbine based combined heat and power (CHP) system has been presented to analyse the economics of grid-connected microgrid (MG) system. Bidirectional flow of electricity and heat model is considered and is optimally managed using price-based demand response (DR) scheme. Thermal storage is exploited to ward off the substantial amount of heat wastages that enhance the system's reliability during any disruption of microturbine. The objective functions of both prosumer and microgrid operator (MGO) are formulated as a profit maximization problem where they interact with each other on the basis of DR activity. To establish this strategic decision-making process, the system is modelled as a Stackelberg Equilibrium (SE) game, where MGO acts as a leader while PV/T prosumers act as a follower. The interaction or contribution of two players in a game is a problem of non-linear optimization which is solved by Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. In the end, in a case study, it has been proved that the results are quite lucrative for the proposed model.
关键词： photovoltaic thermal (PV/T),Differential Evolution (DE),demand response (DR),Stackelberg Equilibrium (SE),microgrid (MG),combined heat and power (CHP)
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL, MECHANICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING: ICCMME 2018 - Jeju-do, Korea (16–18 March 2018)] - Experimental study on the monomer structure of solar semiconductor cold wall
摘要： In this paper, solar semiconductor cold wall structure was adopted in the net-zero energy buildings, NZEB for short. The heat transfer and refrigeration effect of the monomer structure of semiconductor cold wall were tested, we get that the monomer structure of semiconductor cold wall has certain cooling effect. However, the heat exchange effect is not good of the cold and hot aluminum plate only through natural convection and radiation heat transfer. It is necessary to further study the process of semiconductor refrigeration and heat transfer and the factors that affect the cooling effect. At the same time, it put forward a series of suggestions and improvement opinion for NZEB in hot summer and cold winter areas.
关键词： semiconductor refrigeration,refrigeration effect,heat transfer,net-zero energy buildings,solar semiconductor cold wall
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Surface plasmon-enhanced near-field thermal rectification in graphene-based structures
摘要： We propose a thermal rectification structure composed of InSb and graphene-coated 3C-SiC separated by a nanoscale vacuum gap. To obtain an obvious thermal rectification effect, the permittivities of these materials are all considered to be temperature-dependent. Numerical calculations based on fluctuation electrodynamics reveal that the introduction of graphene into the structure enhances significantly near-field radiative heat flux and thermal rectification efficiency owing to the strong coupling of surface plasmon-polaritons between InSb and graphene. In general, the rectification efficiency above 60% can be maintained for the vacuum gap less than 70 nm. The rectification efficiency exceeding 95% is realized for a vacuum gap of 10 nm and a chemical potential of 0.1 eV. Increasing the emitter’s temperature leads to the drastic increase of the rectification efficiency in a wider temperature range. A lower chemical potential seems more favorable to raising rapidly the rectification efficiency. The above results might be helpful in designing a thermal diode with higher efficiency and wider vacuum gap.
关键词： near-field radiative heat transfer,thermal rectification,InSb,surface plasmon-polaritons,graphene,3C-SiC
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Numerical study of a two pass shell and tube latent heat energy storage system
摘要： The thermal behaviour of PCM in different configuration of heat exchangers is analysed for the purpose of design and optimisation of a latent heat thermal energy storage unit. Numerical modelling in conjunction with scale analyses provides a cost effective means to examine the performance of different configurations of latent heat storage systems. The main objective of this work is to scale down an experimental set up to a numerical model which can represent the thermal behaviour of the system with reasonable computational time. A U-tube element from a shell and tube thermal storage experimental set up was used as the model for a numerical study, using FLUENT. The predicted results of the temperature profiles in the PCM domain are in agreement with the measured data. Moreover, the heat transfer fluid outlet temperature and duration of the phase change processes are consistent with experimental results. Using the experimental initial temperature at each point in comparison to using an average initial temperature from all points can improve the predicted temperature profiles. Furthermore, three different mushy zone constants; namely 105, 107, 108 were used to examine the impact on the rate of melting. It was found that the constant 107 provides a closer solution to the experimental results. Results of this study show that the small scale model can represent the lab scale set up, providing more detail about the thermal behaviour of the PCM which is difficult to capture by measurement. The model can also be used for further examination of a high temperature PCM within the same set up for a CSP application.
关键词： FLUENT,shell and tube,numerical modelling,PCM,latent heat thermal energy storage
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Aspects of Modeling the Electron Probe Heating of a Semiconductor Target
摘要： The problem of heat distribution in semiconductor materials irradiated by finely focused electron beams with no exchange of heat between the target and environment is investigated by means of mathematical modeling. In quantitatively describing the energy loss of probe electrons, a model applicable to a wide range of solids and primary electron energies is used that describes separately the contributions from absorbed and backscattered electrons to the energy dissipated in the target. The nonmonotonic dependence of the maximum target heating temperature on the primary electron energy is explained using aspects of the proposed approach. Some results are illustrated using the example of semiconductor electronic materials.
关键词： heat distribution,mathematical modeling,semiconductor target,electron probe heating,primary electron energy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Preparation and properties of heat-sealable polyimide films with comparable coefficient of thermal expansion and good adhesion to copper matrix
摘要： A series of thermoplastic polyimide (PI) films (PI-1~PI-5) with intrinsic heat sealability have been synthesized by the high-temperature polycondensation reaction of asymmetrical 2,3,3?,4?-oxydiphthalic anhydride (aODPA) and various aromatic diamines in order to meet the demands of advanced flexible copper clad laminates (FCCL). The derived PI resins had good solubility in polar aprotic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) at a solid content up to 20 wt%. Flexible and tough films could be cast from the PI/NMP solution and the films exhibited tensile strength higher than 83 MPa. Among the developed PIs, those derived from aODPA and benzimidazole-containing diamines, including PI-4 from aODPA and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzimidazole (4APBI) and PI-5 from aODPA and 2-(3-aminophenyl)-5-aminobenzimidazole (3APBI) exhibited the highest thermal stability (glass transition temperatures, Tg > 340°C), lowest linear coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE < 35·10–6 1/K), and superior adhesion to copper foil (peeling strength >1.0 N/mm). Flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) with no curling was successfully prepared from PI-4 and copper foil.
关键词： tailor-made polymers,flexible copper clad laminates,polyimide,heat sealability,low CTE
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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The Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Tribaloy 400 Coatings Deposited by Laser Cladding
摘要： The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure, microhardness, nanohardness and wear resistance of Tribaloy 400 coatings prepared by laser cladding on 304 stainless steel were studied in this paper. The results show that the microstructures of Tribaloy 400 laser cladding layer are cobalt matrix dendrites and eutectic structure. After the heat treatment at 1250 °C for 1 h, the eutectic structure disappears and the strip-like Laves phase is formed on the Co matrix. Meanwhile, the hardness is obviously improved. After the heat treatment at 1250 °C for 1 h and then 900 °C for 4 h, a small amount of e-Co appears, the strip-like Laves phases become coarser and blunter, and some of the strip structures combine together to form blocky structures, and the hardness is decreased. The wear resistance of the samples at 600 °C is better than that at RT since the hardness of the Laves phase increases with the rise in temperature.
关键词： Laves phase,wear resistance,hardness,heat treatment,Tribaloy alloy
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Pre-heating boiler feedwater for expanded cork agglomerate production using a parabolic trough system
摘要： The production of expanded cork agglomerate involves significant heat demand, requiring superheated steam at temperatures ranging from 300oC to 370oC. The energy required to this process can be suitably provided by concentrating solar thermal collectors. This work considers the thermal energy needs of a real plant, presenting the technical and economical analysis performed for a solar heat for industrial process system using parabolic trough collectors to preheat the feedwater used by the boiler providing steam to the expanded cork agglomerate production process.
关键词： feedwater pre-heating,expanded cork agglomerate,solar thermal,parabolic trough collectors,industrial process heat
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Calculation and experimental determination of the geometric parameters of the coatings by laser cladding
摘要： In the present work the experiments on laser cladding of powder Fe-B-Cr-6-2 on samples of steel 20. Metallographic studies of geometric parameters of deposited layers and the depth of the heat affected zone (HAZ). Using is the method of full factorial experiment (FFE) mathematical dependences of the geometrical sizes of the deposited layers of processing modes. Deviation of calculated values from experimental data is not more than 3%.
关键词： geometric parameters,laser cladding,heat affected zone,full factorial experiment
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36