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[ASME ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems - San Francisco, California, USA (Monday 27 August 2018)] ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems - Practical Concerns for Adoption of Microjet Cooling
摘要： As power densities in advanced electronics continue to rise, the need for high performance thermal solutions becomes increasingly important. Liquid jet impingement has been applied to cooling high power-density electronics due to its ability to dissipate large heat fluxes while maintaining an acceptable operating temperature in the device. Recently, microjets have been embedded within the device substrate, forming a compact solution that is highly scalable. Many practical questions remain, however, on whether microjet technology is ready for actual implementation. In this work, we address several important questions that impede adoption of the technology. Numerical analysis and experimental data are provided to demonstrate the tradeoff between thermal performance and driving pressure requirements through pumping analysis. Additional mechanical concerns regarding robustness to clogging and resistance to erosion are addressed through a 1000-hour extended lifetime test.
关键词： electronics cooling,microjet cooling,erosion,heat transfer,thermal management,clogging
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Targeted near infrared hyperthermia combined with immune stimulation for optimized therapeutic efficacy in thyroid cancer treatment
摘要： Treatment of thyroid cancer has incurred much focus because of its high prevalency. As a new strategy treating thyroid cancer, hyperthermia takes several advantages compared with surgery or chemotherapy, including minimal invasion, low systematic toxicity and the ability to enhance the immunogenicity of cancer cells with the expression Hsp70 which serves as Toll-like receptors-4 (TLR-4 agonist). However, Hsp70 as a molecular chaperone can protect cells from heat induced apoptosis and therefore compromise the tumor killing effect of hyperthermia. In this study, to solve this problem, a combined hyperthermia therapy was employed to treat thyroid cancer. We prepared a probe with the tumor targeting agent AG to monitor thyroid tumor issue and generate heat to kill tumor cells in vivo. At the same time Quercetin (inhibitor of HSP70) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (agonist of TLR-4) were used for the combined hyperthermia therapy. The results showed that compared with free IR820, AG modification facilitated much enhanced cellular uptake and greatly pronounced tumor targeting ability. The combined therapy exhibited the most remarkable tumor inhibition compared with the single treatments both in vitro and in vivo. These findings verified that the new therapeutic combination could significantly improve the effect of hyperthermia and shed light on a novel clinical strategy in thyroid cancer treatment.
关键词： IR820,amino-glucose,near infrared hyperthermia,tumor targeting,heat shock protein 70
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Tomography-based determination of Nusselt number correlation for the porous volumetric solar receiver with different geometrical parameters
摘要： Pore-scale numerical models of the porous volumetric solar receiver are established in this paper. By using the X-ray computed tomography and the imaging processing techniques, models of porous media with different geometrical parameters are reconstructed. The conjugate heat transfer process in the porous volumetric solar receiver is solved based on the direct pore-scale numerical simulation. The turbulent effect of fluid flow inside porous geometry is considered by the Shear-Stress Transport k-ω model and the absorbed solar energy is simulated by following the Beer’s law. The results present that the inlet velocity and the geometrical parameters influence the thermal performance of the porous volumetric solar receiver. Larger inlet velocity tends to enhance the convective heat transfer between fluid and solid phases meanwhile decreases noticeably the overall temperature. Receiver with larger porosity is preferred because it limits the reflection losses. The Nusselt number increases as the porosity becomes larger. As a result, the general correlation of Nusselt number for the porous volumetric solar receiver is derived as a function of porosity and Reynolds number. This correlation is applicable with the porosity ranging from 0.74 to 0.89 and the pore Reynolds number ranging from 3 to 233.
关键词： Solar energy,Pore-scale numerical simulation,Convective heat transfer,Volumetric solar receiver,Nusselt number correlation,Porous media
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Solids flow in a "Particle-in-tube" Concentrated Solar Heat Absorber
摘要： Fluidized particle-in-tube solar absorbers are increasingly investigated both as receiver in a solar power concept, or as receiver/reactor for the thermal decomposition of minerals or for gas-solid reactions such as CO2 looping concepts and thermo-chemical energy storage. Such applications require a high heat transfer rate from the tube wall to the upflowing suspension of particles, and a strict control of the particle residence time. Conversion and heat transfer depend upon the particle mixing, its residence time (RT) and residence time distribution (RTD). Both parameters are hence important in fluidized bed applications. The present research experimentally investigated the use of an Upflow Bubbling Fluidized Bed (UBFB) as particle-in-tube concentrated solar receiver and/or reactor. The RTD was determined by tracer response, and compared with predictions from different models. Both a cascade of stirred tank reactors and a plug flow with dispersion model provide a good fitting of the experimental results. The former is however preferred, with a number of cascade mixing cells between 3 and 4, slightly dependent on both the operating air velocity and the particle circulation rate. The commonly applied ratio of the superficial fluidization velocity and the minimum fluidization velocity of the particles is between 3 and 20, whereas solid circulation fluxes up to 100 kg/m2s are used. Design equations are derived. The results are moreover used in test cases of a concentrated solar power absorber, and in the use of a UBFB as solar limestone calcination furnace. The approach can also be applied to processes of e.g. heat absorption or drying, provided kinetic data are known.
关键词： particle-in-tube,A-type particles,residence time,solar heat capture,modelling,Upflow Bubbling Fluidized Bed,applications
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Modeling and analysis of solar air channels with attachments of different shapes
摘要： Purpose – This paper aims to report the results of numerical analysis of turbulent ?uid ?ow and forced-convection heat transfer in solar air channels with baf?e-type attachments of various shapes. The effect of recon?guring baf?e geometry on the local and average heat transfer coef?cients and pressure drop measurements in the whole domain investigated at constant surface temperature condition along the top and bottom channels’ walls is studied by comparing 15 forms of the baf?e, which are simple (?at rectangular), triangular, trapezoidal, cascaded rectangular-triangular, diamond, arc, corrugated, t, S, V, double V (or W), Z, T, G and epsilon (or e)-shaped, with the Reynolds number changing from 12,000 to 32,000. Design/methodology/approach – The baf?ed channel ?ow model is controlled by the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, besides the k-epsilon (or k-e) turbulence model and the energy equation. The ?nite volume method, by means of commercial computational ?uid dynamics software FLUENT is used in this research work. Findings – Over the range investigated, the Z-shaped baf?e gives a higher thermal enhancement factor than with simple, triangular, trapezoidal, cascaded rectangular-triangular, diamond, arc, corrugated, t, S, V, W, T, G and e-shaped baf?es by about 3.569-20.809; 3.696-20.127; 3.916-20.498; 1.834-12.154; 1.758-12.107; 7.272-23.333; 6.509-22.965; 8.917-26.463; 8.257-23.759; 5.513-18.960; 8.331-27.016; 7.520-26.592; 6.452-24.324; and 0.637-17.139 per cent, respectively. Thus, the baf?e of Z-geometry is considered as the best modern model of obstacles to signi?cantly improve the dynamic and thermal performance of the turbulent air?ow within the solar channel. Originality/value – This analysis reports an interesting strategy to enhance thermal transfer in solar air channels by use of attachments with various shapes
关键词： Air ?ow,Heat transfer,Turbulent regime,Baf?e,Solar air channel,CFD
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - Heat flux and temperature measurements on glass envelope and bellows of parabolic trough receivers
摘要： This paper reports heat flux measurements on parabolic trough receivers, which are integrated to calculate the receiver overall heat loss. Integrated heat fluxes yield an overall heat loss value which agrees with DLR ThermoRec heat loss measurements within ± 5 %, in the simplified case of assuming a homogeneous heat flux distribution around the receiver circumference. Heat flux measurements also allow separating glass envelope and shielded bellow heat loss terms for receiver thermal modelling. Shielded bellows only represent 3 to 4 % of the receiver total length at ambient temperature, however heat flux measurements show that their contribution to the overall receiver heat loss ranges from 5 to 15 %, depending on the shield construction and the absorber temperature. The receiver specific heat loss thus tends to lie above the glass envelope specific heat loss. Almost homogeneous heat flux values are measured along the glass envelope length (variation below 5 %), while more inhomogeneous heat flux values are observed over circumference of the glass envelope (variation between top and side of 17 %). The measurement setup analysis shows a good repeatability, although a proper mounting of heat flux sensors is important in order to avoid systematic biases.
关键词： heat loss,parabolic trough receivers,heat flux measurements,glass envelope,shielded bellows
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[ASME ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum - Charlotte, North Carolina, USA (Monday 26 June 2017)] Volume 2: I&C, Digital Controls, and Influence of Human Factors; Plant Construction Issues and Supply Chain Management; Plant Operations, Maintenance, Aging Management, Reliability and Performance; Renewable Energy Systems: Solar, Wind, Hydro and Geothermal; Risk Management, Safety and Cyber Security; Steam Turbine-Generators, Electric Generators, Transformers, Switchgear, and Electric BOP and Auxiliaries; Student Competition; Thermal Hydraulics and Computational Fluid Dynamics - Heat Transfer Performance of LiF–NaF–KF Salt in a Corrugated Receiver Tube With Non-Uniform Solar Flux
摘要： The heat flux on the receiver tube is non-uniform because of uneven solar flux and receiver structure, which causes overheating and thermal stress failure of receiver and affected safe operations of the Concentrated Solar Power(CSP) system. In order to reduce the temperature difference in receiver tube wall and improve the efficiency of CSP system, the ternary eutectic salt LiF–NaF–KF (46.5–11.5–42 wt.%, hereafter FLiNaK), which has a better high thermal stability than that of nitrate salts at operating temperature of 900 °C, is selected as HTF, and heat transfer performance of FLiNaK in a corrugated receive tube with non-uniform heat flux is simulated by CFD software in the present work. The numerical results reveal that the non-uniform heat flux has a great influence on the temperature distributions of the receive tube and FLiNaK salt. Compared with the result of bare tube, the corrugated tube can not only significantly reduce the temperature difference in tube wall and salt by improving the uniformity of temperature distribution but also enhance the heat transfer of the salt, where the heat transfer coefficient increases with the Reynolds number and heat flux. Moreover, the enhanced effect of the corrugated tube depends on both the pitch and the height of ridges. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient of the salt gets a maximum when the ratio of the height of ridge to the pitch is 0.2. The research presented here may provide guidelines for design optimization of receiver tube in CSP system.
关键词： heat transfer,FLiNaK,non-uniform heat flux,corrugated tube,Concentrated Solar Power
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A Performance Evaluation of a Solar Air Heater Using Different Shaped Ribs Mounted on the Absorber Plate—A Review
摘要： In this paper, the effect of various shapes of ribs used in Solar Air Heaters (SAHs) was discussed. The review is concentrated on the geometry of the rib and its location on the SAH panel. Both numerical and experimental works were considered for discussion with dry air and Nano ?uids as a working ?uid. The in?uence of various shapes, such as an L shape, W shape, V shape, Multiple V shape, V shape with a gap, detachable & attachable ribs etc., was analyzed. The common fact observed from this analysis is that the implementation of arti?cial roughness in the absorber plate results in a considerable increase in the rate of heat transfer. Further, it is observed that ‘Multiple V-shaped with open between the ribs’ results in the maximum thermal enhancement when compared to the other shapes.
关键词： shape of rib,solar air heater,friction factor,heat transfer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) SolarPACES 2017: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems - Santiago, Chile (26–29 September 2017)] - MicroSol-R: Versatile solar facility for research and industry
摘要： Since February 2016, a new CSP micro-power plant called “MicroSol-R” is in operation at PROMES-CNRS. This platform aims at developing research and innovation in the field of heat transfer fluids, thermal energy storage, solar thermal power conversion at small scale, power plant operation strategy, etc. In addition, it was designed to be a useful tool for training. MicroSol-R is a versatile facility open to collaboration with industry and laboratories. This paper presents the facility and first results after one year of operation. The performances and characteristics of the solar field, the thermocline heat storage and the organic Rankine cycle are presented.
关键词： CSP,thermal energy storage,solar thermal power,heat transfer fluids,organic Rankine cycle,MicroSol-R
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS SCIENCE, RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (MSREE 2018) - Changsha City, China (26–28 October 2018)] - Vacuum heat treated multilayer graphene
摘要： The influence of different temperature vacuum heat treatment on the structure of multilayer graphene was studied. The research results can be served as the early attempt for vacuum sintered graphene reinforced metal matrix composites. XRD, Raman and HRTEM results showed the structure defects of vacuum heat treated multilayer graphene was increased as the increasing of heat treatment temperature, but there was no fundamental change on the microstructure and properties of heat treated graphene. Therefore, it is possible to make graphene reinforced metal matrix composites by vacuum sintering.
关键词： Vacuum Heat Treatment,Graphene,Structure Defects
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14