Optical Electronics (An Introduction) || 3. Bulk solid-state lasers

摘要： Solid-state lasers use solid-state laser medium as the working substance. Usually, solid work materials are incorporated in the matrix with a small amount of activated ions. Laser transition occurs between different energy levels during ion activation. Matrix materials are mainly crystal, glass, and ceramics, and activated ions can be categorized as trivalent rare earth metal ions, divalent rare earth metal ions, transition metal ions, and actinide metal ions.