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A symmetrical dual-beam bowtie antenna with gain enhancement using metamaterial for 5G MIMO applications
摘要： A symmertrical dual-beam end-?re bowtie antenna with gain enhancement is achieved by intergating three pairs of metamaterial (MTM) arrays for 5G MIMO applications. The ?rst pair of MTM array with high refractive index (HRI) are deployed to form a wide beam antenna. The second pair of HRI MTM array are arranged along the end-?re direction (x-direction) in front of the radiators in order to split the single wide beam into dual beam. Besides, the third pair of anisotropic MTM array with HRI along x-direction and near zero refractive along y-direction are incorporated in front of the second pair of MTM array to improve the gain performance. The proposed technique is veri?ed by both the full-wave electromagnetic simulation and experiment, and the simulated and measured results agree very well with each other. Moreover, the measured results reveal that the main beam directions of the proposed antenna point to ±30? with respect to the end-?re direction (0?) over 24.25-27.5 GHz, with a maximum gain of 7.4 dBi at 26GHz and a 4.2 dB gain improvement compared to the wide beam antenna.
关键词： zero index metamaterial,high refractive index,Metamaterial,5G MIMO communications,dual beam
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Silicon-Based Embedded Trenches of Active Antennas for High-Responsivity Omnidirectional Photodetection at Telecommunication Wavelengths
摘要： Although the use of plasmonic nanostructures for photodetection below the band gap energy of the semiconductor has been intensively investigated recently, efficiencies of such hot electron-based devices have, unfortunately, remained low because of the inevitable energy loss of the hot electrons as they move and transfer in active antennas based on metallic nanostructures. In this work, we demonstrate the concept of high-refractive-index material-embedded trench-like (ETL) active antennas that could be used to achieve almost 100% absorbance within the ultrashallow region (approximately 10 nm) beneath the metal?semiconductor interface, which is a much smaller distance compared with the hot electrons’ mean free path in the noble metal layer. Taking advantage of these ETL-based active antennas, we obtained photoresponsivities under zero bias at wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm of 5854 and 693 nA mW?1, respectively—values higher than most those previously reported for active antenna-based silicon (Si) photodetectors that operate at optical telecommunication wavelengths. Furthermore, the ETL antenna strategy allowed us to preserve an omnidirectional and broadband photoresponse, with a superior degree of detection linearity of R2 = 0.98889 under the light of low power density (down to 11.1 μW cm?2). The photoresponses of the ETL antenna-based device varied by less than 10% upon changing the incident angle from normal incidence to 60°. Because these ETL-based devices provide high responsivity and omnidirectional detection over a broad bandwidth, they show promising potentials for use in hot electron-based optoelectronics for many applications (e.g., Si photonics, energy harvesting, photocatalysis, and sensing devices).
关键词： hot electron,embedded,plasmon,Schottky,high-refractive-index material
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Photo-thermal Dual Curing of Polysilane/diarylfluorene Blends -Fabrication of Films with High and Tunable Refractive Indices-
摘要： We have developed the crosslinked films of diphenyl- or dinaphthylfluorene having acryl units with polymethylphenylsilane in the presence of a photoradical initiator upon irradiation at 405 nm with thermal treatments at around 100 oC. The photopolymerization of the acrylates effectively enhanced by the photo-thermal dual curing technique. Polysilane moieties were incorporated into the film by the termination reaction between the acrylate radicals and Si radicals generated by the slight photo-decomposition of the Si-Si bonds. We have successfully fabricated the films with high refractive indices (nD: 1.62) and the refractive index values were tunable by irradiation at 254 nm by the effective decomposition of the Si-Si bonds of the polysilanes. The reaction mechanism is discussed based on real-time FT-IR measurements. The prepared films have a high thermal stability (temperature for 5% weight loss, Td5: 300 oC).
关键词： High refractive index,Photo-thermal dual curing,Polysilane,Acryl,High thermal stability,Fluorene
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Lattice effect in Mie-resonant dielectric nanoparticle array under oblique light incidence
摘要： Ultra-thin optical structures, known as metasurfaces, have shown promising light controlling capability at the nanoscale. In this paper, we study their particular case, a periodic array of high-refractive-index nanoparticles with electric and magnetic resonances. The main result of the work is a numerical demonstration that the lattice effect in the periodic arrangement of nanoparticles changes the resonance position even if the resonances are above the diffraction wavelength (Rayleigh anomaly). We show that the disk resonance changes can be achieved not only by varying periods of the array under normal light incidence but also by changing the incident angle.
关键词： metasurfaces,Rayleigh anomaly,electric and magnetic resonances,high-refractive-index nanoparticles,lattice effect
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Optoplasmonics: basic principles and applications
摘要： Plasmonic and photonic elements often have complementary optical properties, motivating the development of ‘optoplasmonic’ hybrid systems in which the photonic and plasmonic elements can synergistically interact. The overall goal in the design of optoplasmonic structures is to overcome the limitations of the individual building blocks or to generate entirely new properties that reach beyond what is possible with conventional photonic or plasmonic structures. After providing a brief introduction into the relevant optical properties of plasmonic and photonic building blocks, this manuscript reviews optoplasmonic architectures that contain plasmonic nanoantennas embedded in a de?ned photonic environment generated by discrete dielectric nanoparticles (NPs), microcavities, waveguides, or photonic crystals, as well as all-metal NP or metal/dielectric NP hybrid arrays in which diffracted modes interact with the plasmons of metal NPs. The fundamental working principles of these optoplasmonic systems are analyzed and selected applications and fabrication strategies are discussed.
关键词： metamaterials,metasurface,sensing,hybrid materials,high refractive index dielectrics,plasmonics,nanophotonics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Highly Efficient Tandem White OLED Using a Hollow Structure
摘要： A simple fabrication method for a light extraction layer is required. In this report, an internal light extraction layer composed of a high refractive index material and an air void is fabricated in five steps. A direct printing process followed by annealing of the randomly arrayed poly(benzyl methacrylate) pillars after a planarization process using TiO2-nanoparticle dispersed resist and sol is used. These substrates are used for light extraction in white tandem organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs). By combining the hollow structure and hemi-spherical lens, WOLEDs without and with the light extraction structures are found to show maximum external quantum efficiencies of 35.6% and 103%, respectively. The power efficiencies at 100 cd m?2 of the WOLEDs without and with the light extraction structures are found to be 26.5 and 93.2 lm W?1, respectively. A color rendering index of 86.4, correlated color temperature of 4860 K, and CIE of (0.353, 0.389) are achieved in the WOLEDs with light extraction structures.
关键词： organic light emitting diodes,high refractive index,light extraction efficiency,nanoimprint lithography,light scattering layers
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Structural Colors Enabled by Lattice Resonance on Silicon Nitride Metasurfaces
摘要： Artificial color pixels based on dielectric Mie resonators are appealing for scientific research as well as practical design. Vivid colors are imperative for displays and imaging. Dielectric metasurface-based artificial pixels are promising candidates for developing flat, flexible, and/or wearable displays. Considering the application feasibility of artificial color pixels, wide color gamuts are crucial for contemporary display technology. To achieve a wide color gamut, ensuring the purity and efficiency of nanostructure resonance peaks in the visible spectrum is necessary for structural color design. Low-loss dielectric materials are suitable for achieving vivid colors with structural color pixels. However, high-order Mie resonances prevent color pixels based on dielectric metasurfaces from efficiently generating highly saturated colors. In particular, fundamental Mie resonances (electric/magnetic dipole) for red can result in not only a strong resonance peak at 650 nm, but also high-order Mie resonances at shorter wavelengths, which reduces the saturation of the target color. To address these problems, we fabricated silicon nitride metasurfaces on quartz substrates and applied Rayleigh anomalies at relatively short wavelengths to successfully suppress high-order Mie resonances, thus creating vivid color pixels. We performed numerical design, semianalytic considerations, and experimental proof-of-concept examinations to demonstrate the performance of the silicon nitride metasurfaces. Apart from traditional metasurface designs that involve transmission and reflection modes, we determined that lateral light incidence on silicon nitride metasurfaces can provide vivid colors through long-range dipole interactions; this can thus extend the applications of such surfaces to eyewear displays and guided-wave illumination techniques.
关键词： metasurfaces,Mie resonances,lattice resonances,color,silicon nitride,high-refractive-index nanostructures
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhanced Light Extraction from Bottom Emission OLEDs by High Refractive Index Nanoparticle Scattering Layer
摘要： High refractive index nanoparticle material was applied as a scattering layer on the inner side of a glass substrate of a bottom emission organic light emitting diode (OLED) device to enhance light extraction and to improve angular color shift. TiO2 and YSZ (Yttria Stabilized Zirconia; Y2O3-ZrO2) were examined as the high refractive index nanoparticles. The nanoparticle material was formed as a scattering layer on a glass substrate by a coating method, which is generally used in the commercial display manufacturing process. Additionally, a planarization layer was coated on the scattering layer with the same method. The implemented nanoparticle material and planarization material endured, without deformation, the subsequent thermal annealing process, which was carried out at temperature ranged to 580 °C. We demonstrated a practical and highly efficient OLED device using the conventional display manufacturing process by implementing the YSZ nanoparticle. We obtained a 38% enhanced luminance of the OLED device and a decreased angular color change compared to a conventional OLED device.
关键词： efficiency,display,light extraction,high refractive index,OLED,outcoupling,scatter,YSZ,nanoparticle
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Synthesis and characterization of thianthrene-containing preimidized soluble polyimide resins and the derived films with high refractive indices and good optical transparency
摘要： A series of organo-soluble polyimide (PI) resins were prepared from a newly designed and synthesized aromatic thianthrene-containing diamine, 2,7-bis(3-aminophenoxy)thianthrene (APOT) and various aromatic dianhydrides via a one-step high temperature polycondensation procedure with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent. The derived PI resins were soluble in polar aprotic solvents, including NMP and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). For comparison, several unsoluble sulfur-containing PIs were prepared from another para-substituted thianthrene-containing diamine, 2,7-bis(4-aminophenylenesulfanyl)thianthrene (APTT) and aromatic dianhydrides by a two-step polycondensation procedure via poly(amic acid) (PAA) precursors at elevated temperatures as high as 300 °C. Flexible and tough PI films with the tensile strength higher than 88 MPa were successfully cast from the APOT-PI resin solution at a relatively low curing temperature of 250 °C. The meta-substituted molecular skeleton in the APOT- PIs endowed the films good optical transparency with the transmittance higher than 83% at a thickness around 10 um, which was apparently higher than those of the para-substituted APTT-PI analogues. The sulfur-rich thianthrene moiety with high molar refraction endowed the APOT-PI films high refractive indices up to 1.7147 at 632.8 nm and low birefringence in the range of 0.0064–0.0133. In addition, the PI films showed good thermal stability with the glass transition temperatures (Tg) higher than 198.3 °C and 5% weight loss temperatures higher than 510 °C in nitrogen.
关键词： Thermal properties,High refractive index,Polyimide,Optical properties,Thianthrene
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14