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Synthesis of a carbazole-substituted diphenylethylene hole transporting material and application in perovskite solar cells
摘要： In this work, a carbazole-substituted stilbene derivatives hole transporting material, 9,9'-(ethene-1,1-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole) (EPC) was designed and synthesized. The structure was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. The glass transition temperature is 95.09°C and the 5% weight loss temperature is 423.37°C by DSC/TG analysis. Through the UV-Vis absorption spectrum combined with cyclic voltammetry, the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of EPC and the lowest unoccupied orbital (LUMO) energy level were obtained (-5.38 eV, -2.19 eV). The energy level is well matched with methylamine lead iodine crystals. A mesoporous structure perovskite solar cell was fabricated based on the undoped EPC, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 13.11% was obtained. After 600 hours of storage in a dark environment at 25°C and 60% relative humidity, 82% of the initial efficiency was obtained. This work provides new ideas for the development of undoped hole transporting materials.
关键词： stability,perovskite solar cell,carbazole,hole transporting material,undoped
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Chemically doped hole transporting materials with low cross-linking temperature and high mobility for solution-processed green/red PHOLEDs
摘要： Recently, developing insoluble cross-linkable functional layers plays a vital role for solution-processed organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, two vinyl-based cross-linkable hole transporting materials V-TPAVTPD and V-TPAVCBP are designed and synthesized. Additionally, cationic photoinitiator 4-octyloxydiphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate (OPPI) is first introduced to chemically induce vinyl-based photo cross-linking process, aiming at lowering cross-linking temperature and enhancing hole mobility. As a result, cross-linking can occur at expressly low temperature of 120 °C with >95% solvent resistance. Moreover, hole mobility is markedly enhanced with the value higher than 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1. When applying hole transporting layers (HTLs) to solution-processed green and red phosphorescent OLEDs, devices exhibit excellent properties. Particularly, the maximum current efficiency of 54.0 cd A?1 (green), 9.8 cd A?1 (red) and external quantum efficiency of 15.5% (green), 15.0% (red) are obtained when OPPI doped V-TPAVCBP serves as HTL. This low temperature feasible cross-linking process to prepare HTLs with preferable hole mobility promotes the development of OLEDs.
关键词： organic light emitting diode,low temperature,solution-processed,cross-linkable,4-octyloxydiphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate,hole transporting material
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Defect Passivation by Amide-Based Hole Transporting Interfacial Layer Enhanced Perovskite Grain Growth for Efficient p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： In this study we synthesized four A-D-A type hole transporting materials (HTMs) of SY1~SY4 for an HTMs/interfacial layer with carbazole as the core moiety and ester/amide as the acceptor unit. These HTMs contain 4-hexyloxyphenyl substituents on the carbazole N atom, with extended π-conjugation achieved through phenylene and thiophene units at the 3,6-positions of the carbazole. When using amide-based HTMs SY2 as a dopant-free HTM in a p–i–n perovskite solar cell (PSC), we achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.59% under AM 1.5G conditions (100 mW cm–2); this PCE was comparable with that obtained when using PEDOT:PSS as the HTM (12.33%). Amide-based SY2 and SY4 HTMs showed a larger perovskite grain than SY1 and SY3, due to the passivation of traps/defects at the grain boundaries and stronger interaction with the perovskite layer. In further investigation, we demonstrated highly efficient and stable PSCs when using the dopant-free p–i–n device structure ITO/NiOx/interfacial layer (SY-HTMs)/perovskite/PC61BM/BCP/Ag. The interfacial layer improved the PCEs and large grain size (micrometer scale) of the perovskite layer due to defect passivation and interface modification; the amide group exhibited a Lewis base adduct property coordinated to Ni and Pb ions in the NiOx and perovskite, bifacial defect passivation and reduced the grain boundaries to improve the crystallinity of the perovskite. The amide-based SY2 exhibited the stronger interaction with the perovskite layer than that of ester-based SY1, which is related to the observations in X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The best performance of the NiOx/SY2 device was characterized by a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 21.76 mA cm–2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.102 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 79.1%, corresponding to an overall PCE of 18.96%. The stability test of the PCE of the NiOx/SY2 PSC device PCE showed a decay of only 5.01% after 168 h; it retained 92.01% of its original PCE after 1000 h in Ar atmosphere. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra of the perovskite films suggested that the hole extraction capabilities of the NiOx/SY-HTMs were better than that of the bare NiOx. The superior film morphologies of the NiOx/SY-HTMs were responsible for the performances of their devices being comparable with those of bare NiOx-based PSCs. The photophysical properties of the HTMs were analyzed through time-dependent density functional theory with the B3LYP functional.
关键词： p-i-n type perovskite solar cells,interfacial layer,amide-based hole transporting material,perovskite solar cells
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Toward Scalable PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells Using a Tailored Polymeric Hole Conductor
摘要： Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells processed from pre-exchanged lead sulfide (PbS) inks have received great attention in the development of scalable and stable photovoltaic devices. However, the current hole-transporting material (HTM) 1,2-ethanedithiol-treated PbS (PbS-EDT) CQDs have several drawbacks in terms of commercialization, including the need for oxidation and multilayer fabrication. Conjugated polymers are an alternative HTM with adjustable properties. Here we propose a series of conjugated polymers (PBDB-T, PBDB-T(Si), PBDB-T(S), PBDB-T(F)) for PbS CQD solar cells as HTMs. Through polymer side-chain engineering, we optimize the model polymer PBDB-T to tune the energy levels, increase hole mobility, improve solid-state ordering, and increase free carrier density. CQD solar cells based on modified polymer PBDB-T(F) exhibit a best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.2%, which outperforms the devices based on conventional PbS-EDT HTM (10.6%) and is currently the highest PCE for PbS solar cells based on organic HTMs.
关键词： conjugated polymers,PbS,hole-transporting material,Colloidal quantum dot,power conversion efficiency,solar cells
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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CuSCN as Hole Transport Material with 3D/2D Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： We report stable perovskite solar cells having 3D/2D perovskite absorber layers and CuSCN as an inorganic hole transporting material (HTM). Phenylethylammonium (PEA) and 4-fluoro-phenylethylammonium (FPEA) have been chosen as 2D cations, creating thin layers of (PEA)2PbI4 or (FPEA)2PbI4 on top of the 3D perovskite. The 2D perovskite as an interfacial layer, neutralizes defects at the surface of the 3D perovskite absorber and can protect from moisture-induced degradations. We demonstrate excellent charge extraction through the modified interfaces into the inorganic CuSCN HTM, with device efficiencies of above 18%, compared to 19.3% with conventional spiro-OMeTAD. Furthermore, we show significantly enhanced ambient stability.
关键词： Phenylethylammonium (PEA),CuSCN,hole transporting material (HTM),power conversion efficiencies (PCE),4-fluoro-phenylethylammonium (FPEA),perovskite based solar cells (PSCs)
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Fluorination of pyrene-based organic semiconductors enhances the performance of light emitting diodes and halide perovskite solar cells
摘要： In this work, a fluorinated pyrene-based organic semiconductor (L-F) has been designed and synthesized starting from a low-cost pyrene core functionalized with triphenilamine substituents at 1,3,6,8 positions (L-H), obtained via Suzuki coupling reactions. Its performance when used as green emitter in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) or as dopant-free hole-transporting material (HTM) in halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is higher than the L-H counterpart, in spite of its lower bulk hole-mobility (7.0 x 10-6 cm2/Vs) with respect to L-H (1.9 x 10-4 cm2/Vs). In fact, the OLED devices based on L-F active layer showed excellent green emission (brightness and current efficiency were1759.8 cd/m2 and 3.7 cd/A, respectively) at a 4.5 V turn-on voltage. When the molecules were employed as a dopant-free HTM in PSCs, L-F led to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) and open circuit voltage (Voc) of 5.9 % and 1.07 V, respectively, thus outperforming those of corresponding devices based on L-H (PCE = 5.0% and Voc = 0.87 V) under similar experimental conditions (AM 1.5G and 100 mW cm2). We attribute the enhancements of L-F-based optoelectronic devices (OLEDs and PSCs) to the observed better quality of theL-F films. The promising performance of L-F indicates that fluorination of small molecules can be an effective strategy to achieve low-cost and high-performing materials for energy harvesting and display-based organic electronic devices.
关键词： pyrene,perovskite solar cells,hole transporting material,triphenylamine,fluorination,dopant-free,organic light emitting diodes
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Introducing fluorene into organic hole transport materials to improve mobility and photovoltage for perovskite solar cells
摘要： A new small molecular hole-transporting material, 1,3,6,8-tetrakis-[N-(p-methoxyphenyl)-N0-(9,90-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-amino]-pyrene (TFAP) was synthesized and applied in CH3NH3PbI3-perovskite solar cells. A best power conversion efficiency of 19.7% with a photovoltage of 1.11 V has been achieved.
关键词： photovoltage,hole-transporting material,perovskite solar cells,fluorene,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Fluorine Substituted Benzotriazole Core Building Block Based Highly Efficient Hole Transporting Materials for Mesoporous Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Two novel donor-accepter-donor (D-A-D) structured hole transporting materials based on fluorine substituted benzotriazole (BTA) core building block (2FBTA-1, 2FBTA-2) are designed and synthesized through the molecular regulation. Applied these materials into perovskite solar cell (PSC), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 7.55 % and 17.94% are obtained for 2FBTA-1 and 2FBTA-2, respectively. The better photovoltaic performance of 2FBTA-2 could be attributed to its more suitable energy level, more planar molecular configurations and higher hole mobility. Moreover, the devices with 2FBTA-2 as HTM show good stability under the air condition. The results qualify the BTA promising building block for future HTM design.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,photovoltaic,benzotriazole,hole transporting material
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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A review on low-molar-mass carbazole- based derivatives for organic light emitting diodes
摘要： Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted a great deal of attention within academia and industry because of their potential applications in flat panel displays and solid-state lighting technologies. Among all low-molar-mass derivatives under investigation in OLEDs field, carbazole-based materials have been studied at length for their interesting physical properties, including good charge injection and transport, electro-luminescence, improved thermal and morphological stabilities as well as film forming properties. In addition, the relatively high triplet energy level of some substituted carbazoles makes them suitable candidates to design hosts for wide bandgap triplet emitters such as blue dopants. The article is written from structural organic chemist's point of view and is divided in several parts: V-shaped 3(2)-substituted carbazoles and derivatives with 9-carbazolyl rings, star-shaped 3,6(2,7)-substituted carbazoles and branched twin derivatives containing (di)arylcarbazolyl fragments.
关键词： Amorphous material,Ionization potential,Glass transition temperature,Organic light emitting diode,Substituted carbazole,Hole transporting material
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46