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Nanoparticles for Bioapplications: Study of the Cytotoxicity of Water Dispersible CdSe(S) and CdSe(S)/ZnO Quantum Dots
摘要： Semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) have unique optical and physical properties that make them potential imaging tools in biological and medical applications. However, concerns over the aqueous dispersivity, toxicity to cells, and stability in biological environments may limit the use of QDs in such applications. Here, we report an investigation into the cytotoxicity of aqueous dispersed CdSe(S) and CdSe(S)/ZnO core/shell QDs in the presence of human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and a human skin fibroblast cell line (WS1). The cytotoxicity of the precursor solutions used in the synthesis of the CdSe(S) QDs was also determined in the presence of HCT-116 cells. CdSe(S) QDs were found to have a low toxicity at concentrations up to 100 μg/mL, with a decreased cell viability at higher concentrations, indicating a highly dose-dependent response. Meanwhile, CdSe(S)/ZnO core/shell QDs exhibited lower toxicity than uncoated QDs at higher concentrations. Confocal microscopy images of HCT-116 cells after incubation with CdSe(S) and CdSe(S)/ZnO QDs showed that the cells were stable in aqueous concentrations of 100 μg of QDs per mL, with no sign of cell necrosis, confirming the cytotoxicity data.
关键词： core/shell QDs,HCT-116,water dispersive QDs,WS1,bioapplications of QDs,aqueous synthesis,in vitro cytotoxicity of QDs
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Sulfur doped carbon nitride quantum dots with efficient fluorescent property and their application for bioimaging
摘要： Heteroatom doping can drastically alter electronic characteristics of carbon nitride quantum dots, thus resulting in unusual properties and related applications. Herein, we used sulfur as the doping element and investigated the influence of doping on the electronic distribution of carbon nitride and the corresponding fluorescent property. A simple synthetic strategy was applied to prepare sulfur-doped carbon nitride (S-g-C3N4) quantum dots through ultrasonic treatment of bulk S-g-C3N4. Characterization results demonstrated that the prepared S-g-C3N4 quantum dots with an average size of 2.0 nm were successfully prepared. Fluorescent properties indicated that S-g-C3N4 quantum dots have an emission peak at 460 nm and cover the emission spectra region up to 550 nm. Furthermore, the fluorescent intensity is greatly increased due to the sonication of bulk S-g-C3N4 into quantum dots. As a result, S-g-C3N4 quantum dots not only show a blue cell imaging, but have a bright green color. Therefore, S-g-C3N4 quantum dot is a promising candidate for bioimaging benefiting from the efficient fluorescent property, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity.
关键词： Doped carbon nitride,Fluorescent property,In vitro cytotoxicity,Quantum dots,Bioimaging
更新于2025-11-14 17:04:02
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Diketopyrrolopyrrole Bisphosphonate Conjugate: A New Fluorescent Probe for in Vitro Bone Imaging
摘要： We report the synthesis of a conjugate molecule between an unusual red fluorescent diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) unit and a bisphosphonate (BP) precursor using the 'Click Chemistry' strategy to target bone tissue and monitor the interaction. After deep investigation, conjugation through a triazole unit between γ-azido rather than β-azido BP and an alkyne functionalized DPP fluorophore group turned out to be the winning strategy. Visualization of the DPP-BP conjugate on osteoclasts as well as the specific anti-resorption activity was successfully demonstrated.
关键词： fluorescent probe,in vitro imaging,osteoporosis,bisphosphonate,diketopyrrolopyrrole
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Behaviour of TiO2 Containing Inorganic/Organic Hybrids
摘要： In the present study inorganic/organic hybrids reinforced by introducing titanium (TiO2) in the form of Ti-n-butoxide were prepared. The phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the prepared hybrids were investigated. Increasing the titanium content gradually enhanced the mechanical data of the prepared hybrids. The formation of apatite on the surface of the prepared hybrids was examined in SBF (simulated body fluid). In vivo studies revealed the ability of the hybrids to regenerate bone tissue in femur defects of adult male rabbits five months after surgery. The prepared hybrids are considered to be promising materials for bone substitutes or bone filler.
关键词： in vitro test,in vivo test,mechanical properties,inorganic/organic hybrids,microstructure
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Synthesis of new zinc (II) phthalocyanine conjugates with block copolymers for cancer therapy
摘要： Synthetic routes towards new conjugates of hydrophilic zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) with poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic P123) and poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), are described. The main semiproduct ZnPc was obtained by heating 4-nitrophthalimide with urea and zinc chloride, followed by the reduction step. Steglich esterification was used to synthesize two ZnPc-conjugated block copolymers, further utilized in fabrication of polymeric micelles (PMs) - functionalized with the zinc(II) phthalocyanine-type moiety. Biological evaluation of the PMs indicated an acceptable biocompatibility level in accord with requirements in the field of nanotheranostics and nanomedicine.
关键词： fluorescent polymeric micelles,cyclotetramerization,Steglich esterification,in vitro biological evaluation,ZnPc-conjugated block copolymers,diagnostic marker
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting - Atlanta, GA, USA (2019.7.7-2019.7.12)] 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting - An Aperture-Coupled Dual-Polarized Stacked Patch Antenna for Multi-Layer Organic Package Integration
摘要： Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults because of its highly invasive behavior. The existing treatment for GBM, which involves a combination of resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, has a very limited success rate with a median survival rate of <1 year. This is mainly because of the failure of early detection and effective treatment. We designed a novel 3-D GBM cell culture model based on microwells that could mimic in vitro environment and help to bypass the lack of suitable animal models for preclinical toxicity tests. Microwells were fabricated from simple and inexpensive polyethylene glycol material for the control of in vitro 3-D culture. We applied the 3-D micropatterning system to GBM (U-87) cells using the photolithography technique to control the cell spheroids’ shape, size, and thickness. Our preliminary results suggested that uniform GBM spheroids can be formed in 3-D, and the size of these GBM spheroids depends on the size of microwells. The viability of the spheroids generated in this manner was quantitatively evaluated using live/dead assay and shown to improve over 21 days. We believe that in vitro 3-D cell culture model could help to reduce the time of the preclinical brain tumor growth studies. The proposed novel platform could be useful and cost-effective for high-throughput screening of cancer drugs and assessment of treatment responses.
关键词： Glioblastoma,microwells,PEG hydrogel,in vitro
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Application of a suitable particle engineering technique by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) to modify the physicochemical properties of poorly soluble drugs
摘要： Several disintegration procedures are well known in the field of pharmaceutical technology to improve the solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability. Only a few, organic materials were applied for micro/nanoparticle generation by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), however in the last decade, several studies presented successful production from different active agents. PLAL could be a non-conventional approach by the preformulation of the drug, as a simple, clean (no additional chemicals are needed) and a rapid wet grinding method. It can be stated about the novelty of the work that a poorly water-soluble meloxicam was milled first time by pulsed laser ablation in liquid, where the effect of three different wavelengths, fluence values (energy density) and polymer type (PVP, PVA, Poloxamer) on the habit, structure, solubility and in vitro properties of the drug were investigated. Nearly spherical amorphous micro- and nanoparticles could be reached in a size range between 60-700 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was applied to check the purity, secondary interaction and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used for the determination of the presence of the meloxicam content and the final yield. The results suggest that laser ablation a useful approach to modify the physicochemical properties of the active agents, introduced a novel preparation method in drug preformulation with improved solubility (from 0.0203 mg/mL to 0.0797 mg/mL), dissolution rate (~85%) and also to produce a suitable intermediate product for traditional and alternative drug administration (e.g. pulmonary, nasal, transdermal).
关键词： physicochemical characterization,novel wet-milling,meloxicam,in vitro dissolution,nanosuspension,laser fragmentation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Temperature changes during laser lithotripsy with Ho:YAG laser and novel Tm-fiber laser: a comparative in-vitro study
摘要： Aim The aim of this study was to compare the thermal effects of Ho:YAG and Tm-fiber lasers during lithotripsy in an in-vitro model via real-time temperature measurement. Methods We compared a Ho:YAG laser (pav up to 100 W, Lumenis, Yokneam, Israel) and a superpulse Tm-fiber laser (SP TFL, pav up to 40 W, NTO IRE-Polus, Fryazino, Russia), both equipped with 200 μm bare-ended fibers. The following settings were used: 0.2 J, 40 Hz (nominal pav 8 W). Power meter FieldMaxII-TO (Coherent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) was used to verify output laser power (pav). Each laser was fired for 60 s in two setups: (1) thermos-insulated (quasi-adiabatic) cuvette; (2) actively irrigated setup with precise flow control (irrigation rates 0, 10, 35 mL/min). Results Power measurements performed before the test revealed a 10% power drop in Ho:YAG (up to 7.2 ± 0.1 W) and 6.25% power drop in SP TFL (up to 7.5 ± 0.1). At the second step of our experiment, irrigation reduced the respective temperatures in the same manner for both lasers (e.g., at 35 mL/s SP TFL ? 1.9 °C; for Ho:YAG laser ? 2.8 °C at 60 s). Conclusion SP TFL and Ho:YAG lasers are not different in terms of volume-averaged temperature increase when the same settings are used in both lasers. Local temperature rises may fluctuate to some degree and differ for the two lasers due to varying jet streaming caused by non-uniform heating of the aqueous medium by laser light.
关键词： Ho:YAG laser,Laser lithotripsy,Thermal effect,Thulium fiber laser,In-vitro
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A dual-channel probe with green and near-infrared fluorescence changes for in vitro and in vivo detection of peroxynitrite
摘要： In this study, a coumarin-semirhodamine hybrid based dual-channel fluorescent probe was developed for detection of peroxynitrite. This probe works well in nearly pure aqueous solution and displays a rapid, highly sensitive and selective response for peroxynitrite at two different emission wavelengths (700 and 515 nm, respectively), along with distinct color and green to near-infrared fluorescence changes. The fluorescent intensity ratio at 700 and 515 nm increases linearly with the concentration of peroxynitrite from 0 to 50 μM, and the detection limit is estimated to be 59 nM. Moreover, bioimaging of exogenous and endogenous peroxynitrite in living cells and in vivo detection of peroxynitrite with this probe at dual fluorescence channels were all successfully applied. The results suggest that this new probe can be used as a useful imaging tool for studying peroxynitrite in vitro and in vivo.
关键词： peroxynitrite,dual-channel,fluorescent probe,bioimaging,in vitro and in vivo
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Laser-assisted 3D bioprinting of exocrine pancreas spheroid models for cancer initiation study
摘要： Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. It has shown a poor prognosis and a rising incidence in the developed world. Other pathologies associated with this tissue include pancreatitis, a risk condition for pancreatic cancer. The onset of both pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer follows a common pattern: exocrine pancreatic acinar cells undergo a transdifferentiation to duct cells that triggers a 3D restructuration of the pancreatic tissue. However, the exact mechanism underlying this process remains partially undefined. Further understanding the cellular events leading to PDAC could open new avenues in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Since current 2D cell culture models fail to mimic the tridimensional complexity of the pancreatic tissue, new in vitro models are urgently needed. Here, we generated 3D pancreatic cell spheroid arrays using laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB) and characterized their phenotypic evolution over time through image analysis and phenotypic characterization. We show that these bioprinted spheroids, composed of both acinar and ductal cells, can replicate the initial stages of PDAC development. This bioprinted miniaturized spheroid-based array model should prove useful for the study of the internal and external factors that contribute to the formation of precursor PDAC lesions and to cancer progression, and may therefore shed light on future PDAC therapy strategies.
关键词： pancreatic cancer,Laser-assisted bioprinting,early lesions,in vitro cancer model,cancer initiation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59