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The Hollow Core Light cage: Trapping Light Behind Bars
摘要： Optical waveguides represent the key element of integrated planar photonic circuitry having revolutionized many fields of photonics ranging from telecommunications, medicine, environmental science and light generation. However, the use of solid cores imposes limitations on applications demanding strong light-matter interaction within low permittivity media such as gases or liquids, which has triggered substantial interest towards hollow core waveguides. Here, we introduce the concept of an on-chip hollow core light cage that consists of free standing arrays of cylindrical dielectric strands around a central hollow core implemented using 3D nanoprinting. The cage operates by an anti-resonant guidance effect and exhibits extraordinary properties such as (1) diffractionless propagation in “quasi-air” over more than a centimetre distance within the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared spectral domains, (2) unique side-wise direct access to the hollow core via open spaces between the strands speeding up gas diffusion times by at least a factor of 104, and (3) an extraordinary high fraction of modal fields in the hollow section (> 99.9%). With these properties, the light cage can overcome the limitations of current planar hollow core waveguide technology, allowing unprecedented future on-chip applications within quantum technology, ultrafast spectroscopy, bioanalytics, acousto-optics, optofluidics and nonlinear optics.
关键词： integrated photonics,anti-resonance guidance,leaky modes,Hollow core waveguide,3D nanoprinting,spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Calibration of Combined Mach-Zehnder Interferometers
摘要： A method for digital calibration of combined Mach-Zhender interferometers is developed and demonstrated experimentally. Error functions for each of the combined interferometers are evaluated in discrete space from a small number of measurements. Calibration into a maximum or a minimum of interference is achieved by maintaining collinearity between the electric ?eld phasor of the two interferometers. The method applied here to an IQ modulator in a Photonic Integrated Circuit is general and may be applied to combined interferometers for any application.
关键词： Mach-Zehnder,interferometers,Integrated photonics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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III–V compound materials and lasers on silicon
摘要： Silicon-based photonic integration has attracted the interest of semiconductor scientists because it has high luminous efficiency and electron mobility. Breakthroughs have been made in silicon-based integrated lasers over the past few decades. Here we review three main methods of integration of III–V materials on Si, namely direct growth, bonding, and selective-area hetero-epitaxy. The III–V materials we introduced mainly include materials such as GaAs and InP. The lasers are mainly lasers of related communication bands. We also introduced the advantages and challenges of the three methods.
关键词： integrated photonics,hybrid laser,silicon
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Compact and Fabrication-Tolerant Waveguide Bends Based on Quadratic Reflectors
摘要： We propose and experimentally demonstrate a broadband, polarization-diverse compact bending design for low-index-contrast waveguides, where light is re-directed via total internal reflection (TIR) on an air-trench quadratic (elliptical or parabolic) reflector surface. Compared to prior work based on flat TIR mirrors, the quadratic reflector design contributes to minimized mode leakage and reduced optical losses, enabling high-density, scalable photonic architectures at the chip and board levels. Moreover, we develop a self-aligned fabrication process where the reflector and the waveguide segments are defined in a single lithography step, thereby circumventing the alignment sensitivity issue common to traditional air trench structures. Our simulations predict bending losses down to < 0.14 dB per 90° and 180° bend at 850 nm wavelength, and we experimentally measure broadband losses of ~ 0.3 dB per 90° and 180° bend for both TE and TM polarizations in structures fabricated using standard UV lithography.
关键词： polymer waveguide,free-form reflector,integrated photonics,waveguide bend,waveguide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Silicon ring resonator electro-optical modulator utilizing epsilon-near-zero characteristics of indium tin oxide
摘要： One crucial component in optical communication systems is the optical modulator. It links between the electric and optical domains as it transforms the electric signal into an optical stream. Electro-optical modulation is a very popular scheme. Recently, indium tin oxide (ITO) has been intensively used in optical modulators due to its epsilon-near-zero characteristics. A silicon electro-optic ring resonator modulator is proposed in terms of the outspread application of ITO. An extinction ratio of about 14 dB as well as an insertion loss of 0.075 dB are achieved at a standard telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 microns. The design has low losses, high efficiency, and compact size.
关键词： silicon nanophotonics,ring resonators,indium tin oxide,electro-optical modulators,integrated photonics
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimal Photonic Crystal Cavities for Coupling Nanoemitters to Photonic Integrated Circuits
摘要： Photonic integrated circuits that are manufactured with mature semiconductor technology hold great promise for realizing scalable quantum technology. Efficient interfaces between quantum emitters and nanophotonic devices are crucial building blocks for such implementations on silicon chips. These interfaces can be realized as nanobeam optical cavities with high quality factors and wavelength-scale mode volumes, thus providing enhanced coupling between nano-scale quantum emitters and nanophotonic circuits. Realizing such resonant structures is particularly challenging for the visible wavelength range, where many of the currently considered quantum emitters operate, and if compatibility with modern semiconductor nanofabrication processes is desired. Here, it is shown that photonic crystal nanobeam cavities for the visible spectrum can be designed and fabricated directly on-substrate with high quality factors and small mode volumes. Designs are compared based on deterministic and mode-matching methods and the latter is found advantageous for on-substrate realizations. The results pave the way for integrating quantum emitters with nanophotonic circuits for applications in quantum technology.
关键词： CMOS compatible,photonic crystal cavities,integrated photonics,high quality factor
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) - Daejeon, Korea (South) (2019.7.28-2019.8.1)] 2019 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) - Integration of Thermopile on a Mid IR Waveguide
摘要： We report integration of infrared (IR) thermopile sensor with Mid-IR waveguides via flip-chip bonding technology. A photonic device with input and output grating couplers designed at 3.72um are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform and integrated with a bare thermopile chip on its output side to realize integrated photonic platform for a myriad range of sensing applications.
关键词： Waveguides,Silicon Photonics,Integrated Photonics,Thermopile
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - Ottawa, ON, Canada (2019.10.7-2019.10.10)] 2019 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) - Multi-core Fiber Technology supporting MIMO and Photonic Beamforming in 5G Multi-Antenna Systems : (Invited paper)
摘要： This paper describes and experimentally validates different multi-antenna system applications supported by a multi- core fiber (MCF) optical fronthaul. The MCF fronthaul enables the simultaneous transmission of different optical data streams at the same wavelength by the spatial multiplexing of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signals. In addition, the MCF enables simultaneous radio beamforming by transmitting the same optical data signal with different phase or time delays to each antenna element. Both MIMO and beamforming capabilities are required for 5G multi-antenna systems. Experimental demonstrations of 4×4 MIMO transmission and multi-beam 4×1 beamforming using a commercially available 4-core fiber are reported in this work. Optical beam-steering in 5G is achieved using a Si3N4 photonic chip based on optical ring resonators (ORRs) that enables the continuous and centralized tuning of the time delay applied to each antenna element.
关键词： integrated photonics,beamforming,MIMO,Multi-core fiber,multi-antenna systems,radio beam-steering,optical ring resonator (ORR)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Control and calibration recipes for photonic integrated circuits
摘要： This paper presents the key ingredients and the best practices for implementing simple, effective and robust control and calibration procedures for arbitrary photonic integrated circuit (PIC) architectures. Three main features are presented and discussed: a technique to cancel out the effects of mutual crosstalk among thermal tuners, the exploitation of labelling to identify different optical signals, the use of input modulated signal to automatically reshape the frequency response of the device. Examples of application are then illustrated to show the validity and generality of the approach, namely a cross-bar interconnect matrix router, a variable bandwidth filter and third order coupled microring filter. Further, the automatic and dynamic generation of the lookup table of add/drop hitless filters operating on a dense wavelength division multiplexing grid is demonstrated. The lookup table achieved with the proposed approach can dynamically update itself to new conditions of the chip or new requirements of operation, such as variations in channel modulation format or perturbation induced by neighboring devices due to a change in their working point.
关键词： control,optical filters,microring resonators,pilot tones,integrated photonics,calibration,look up tables,thermal cross talk,tuning,locking
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Modeling and Optimization of Vortex Modes Propagation in Rectangular Dielectric Waveguides
摘要： We study analytically and numerically the possibility of vortex modes propagation over planar dielectric rectangular waveguides, and consider the problem of waveguide geometry optimization for the support of vortex modes. The results show, that theoretically rectangular waveguides can provide transmission of quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes with high purity states of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the dominant ?eld component. However, only for the quasi-generate mode of azimuthal order ±1 the constituent eigenmodes can propagate in a phase-matched regime, and the vortex modes of higher azimuthal orders can propagate only with a certain beat length. Moreover, as the target azimuthal order increases, the normalized power of the corresponding OAM state in the modal superposition decreases. The analytical predictions have been veri?ed by numerical electromagnetic simulations of silicon nitride waveguides providing ?eld distributions and OAM spectra of the corresponding modal superpositions.
关键词： integrated photonics,silicon nitride,optical waveguides,Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM)
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52