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Flexible Electronics: Stretchable Electrodes and Their Future
摘要： Flexible electronics, as an emerging and exciting research field, have brought great interest to the issue of how to make flexible electronic materials that offer both durability and high performance at strained states. With the advent of on-body wearable and implantable electronics, as well as increasing demands for human-friendly intelligent soft robots, enormous effort is being expended on highly flexible functional materials, especially stretchable electrodes, by both the academic and industrial communities. Among different deformation modes, stretchability is the most demanding and challenging. This review focuses on the latest advances in stretchable transparent electrodes based on a new design strategy known as kirigami (the art of paper cutting) and investigates the recent progress on novel applications, including skin-like electronics, implantable biodegradable devices, and bioinspired soft robotics. By comparing the optoelectrical and mechanical properties of different electrode materials, some of the most important outcomes with comments on their merits and demerits are raised. Key design considerations in terms of geometries, substrates, and adhesion are also discussed, offering insights into the universal strategies for engineering stretchable electrodes regardless of the material. It is suggested that highly stretchable and biocompatible electrodes will greatly boost the development of next-generation intelligent life-like electronics.
关键词： kirigami,e-skins,soft robotics,stretchable transparent electrodes,flexible electronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Kirigami-Based Highly Stretchable Thin Film Solar Cells that are Mechanically Stable for More than 1000 Cycles
摘要： Exploiting stretchable solar cells that can accommodate large strain and feature high cyclic mechanical endurance is challenging for wearable and skin-interfaced electronics application. In this work, we demostrated such solar cells using the kirigami design. Experiments and mechanical simulations showed that the kirigami structure effectively imparted stretchability to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) through out-of-plane deformation which significantly reduced the stress in devices. The kirigami-based PSCs with optimal geometric parameters exhibited high mechanical deformability, including stretchability (strain up to 200%), twistability (angle up to 450o) and bendability (radius down to 0.5mm). More importantly, the kirigami PSCs revealed high mechanical endurance with almost unchanged performance even after repetitive 1000 stretching, twisting and bending cycles. This kirigami design for stretchable PSCs presented here provides a promising strategy to achieve high deformability for solar cells as well as other optoelectronic devices.
关键词： kirigami,deformable,thin film solar cells,mechanical endurance,stretchable
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Kirigami Concept for Transparent and Stretchable Nanofiber Networks-based Conductors and UV Photodetectors
摘要： To meet the increasing demand for wearable electronics today, fabrication of the stretchable devices becomes crucial. In this respect, a stretchable conductor is an essential component for achieving stretchability of the device. Herein, a stretchable and transparent conductor unit, Au-metallized PVP (Au@PVP) nanofiber network on a kirigami-structured PDMS substrate, was newly developed. By a series of comparative studies, the effectiveness of our strategies to the sensing material owing to its high sensitivity for UV light and large surface to volume ratio. To point out its applicability, we fabricated a transparent and stretchable photodetector having the same geometry. ZnO nanorod, the 1D transparent metal oxide nanostructure, is used as a resistance, ~50% increase. It also exhibited ~80% transparency, as well as excellent durability. stretchable conductor showed high stretchability of 110% without significant change in invariant electrical conductivity and high stretchability is convincingly demonstrated. Our The resulting device showed outstanding ON/OFF ratio of 1020 at its original state and 440 under 80% strain. Its fast response/reset time, high transparency and stable performance indicate the feasibility of the stretchable and transparent optoelectronic device.
关键词： metal nanofiber network,transparent,photodetector,wearable electronics,kirigami,stretchable
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[IEEE 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII) - Berlin, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII) - Highly Stretchable Kirigami Structure with Integrated Led Chips and Electrodes for Optogenetic Experiments on Perfused Hearts
摘要： This paper proposes a highly stretchable kirigami structure based on 10-μm-thin polyimide membranes comprising light-emitting diode chips and microelectrodes for optophysiological experiments in perfused hearts. The experimental device is intended for basic cardiological research for the treatment of heart diseases such as ventricular arrhythmias, which are the principal cause of sudden death. In contrast to the currently applied electrical stimulation using implantable defibrillation systems, the optogenetic treatment is expected to reduce the severe side effects including damage to cardiac tissue and intense traumatic pain exerted by the high electric shocks. In addition, the kirigami-based optical stimulation device also achieves the intimate integration to the soft biological tissue due to its high stretchability. This is expected to improve the recording capability of electrical signals from the tissue surface.
关键词： stretchable electronics,kirigami structure,Defibrillation,optical stimulation,optogenetics
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Pulsed Laser-Assisted Helium Ion Nanomachining of Monolayer Graphene—Direct-Write Kirigami Patterns
摘要： A helium gas ?eld ion source has been demonstrated to be capable of realizing higher milling resolution relative to liquid gallium ion sources. One drawback, however, is that the helium ion mass is prohibitively low for reasonable sputtering rates of bulk materials, requiring a dosage that may lead to signi?cant subsurface damage. Manipulation of suspended graphene is, milling. We demonstrate that competitive ion beam-induced therefore, a logical application for He deposition from residual carbonaceous contamination can be thermally mitigated via a pulsed laser-assisted He milling. By optimizing pulsed laser power density, frequency, and pulse width, we reduce the carbonaceous byproducts and mill graphene gaps down to sub 10 nm in highly complex kiragami patterns.
关键词： pulsed laser,nanopatterning,graphene,direct-write kirigami
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04