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[IEEE 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Trebic, Czech Republic (2018.9.18-2018.9.20)] 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Factors Having a Crutial Impact on Energy Efficiency of Floodlighitng
摘要： Floodlighting designs have only been analysed in terms of visual and aesthetic beauty up to now. Research in the field of floodlighting has also focused on other aspects of this type of lighting in recent years. The energy efficiency issue and the impact on light pollution are the most crucial aspects. These issues have not yet been properly explored in the literature. Significant factors which affect the issue of the engineering aspect of floodlighting have to be determined and studied carefully because of their high importance. The main aim of this paper is to present the key factors which have a crucial impact on energy efficiency and light pollution in the field of floodlighting. These factors are: the direction and location of the lighting equipment, luminous intensity distribution, light output ratio, the method of floodlighting and the spectral power distribution of a light source, as well as the spectral distribution of the reflectance from the illuminated surface. Each of these factors are precisely commented on. These are presented by means of a calculation, a measurement or a visualization example, which clearly allow the crux of the problem to be analysed in the easiest way. The research shows that the problem of improving floodlighting design in respect of energy efficiency and light pollution is a complex and exacting problem for a lighting designer. It definitely requires the creation of an individual and unified system of assessment. It ought to take into account all the crucial factors and be simple, understandable and easy to use. Development of such a system is underway at the Lighting Technology Division of Warsaw University of Technology. It will soon be finalized in the form of a doctoral dissertation by one of the authors of this paper.
关键词： energy efficiency,lighting technology,floodlighting utilization factor,light pollution,floodlighting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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[IEEE 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - Trebic, Czech Republic (2018.9.18-2018.9.20)] 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4) - The Measurement Method of Light Distribution Emitted from Sports Facilities Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
摘要： The dynamic development of cities is associated with a significant increase in the luminance of architectural buildings, advertisements or usable spaces. Objects that emit a significant amount of luminous flux to the environment are also various types of sports buildings, such as city stadiums, football pitches or tennis courts. The need to protect the environment determinates the need to reduce and prevent the effect of light pollution. The article analyzes the possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles to assess light pollution by measuring the distribution of luminous flux emitted by sports facilities. The method of light measurement based on a goniometric system using unmanned aerial vehicles was presented and their positioning in three-dimensional space was taken into account. A method for controlling the photometric probe and calibrating the measurement system has been proposed.
关键词： luminous flux,light pollution,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Low impact of two LED colors on nocturnal insect abundance and bat activity in a peri-urban environment
摘要： Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an important driver of change in ecological environments of the 21th century. We investigated the impact on nocturnal insect abundance and bat activity of two LED light colors (warm-white 2700 K, cold-white 6500 K) in a peri-urban environment. Bat activity (predominantly Pipistrellus pipistrellus) was largely driven by prey availability (insects), while insect abundance was responsive to nightly weather conditions (precipitation, temperature). Thus, both insects and bats were not differentially responsive to cold-white or warm-white LEDs. These findings are largely in contrast with literature, particularly for insects. However, as most published experiments on ALAN were conducted in areas that were lit solely for the purpose of the experiment, we would like to bring forward that (1) adaptation to environmental constraints may play a role in peri-urban environments that have been exposed to ALAN for many decades; or (2) impacts of cold-white LEDs on nocturnal insects may be lower than expected, because nocturnal insects adapted to low-light conditions may be put off by cold white light sources (6500 K).
关键词： Artificial light at night; ALAN,Light pollution,Impact assessment,Flight-intersection trap,Batlogger
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Estimating the relative contribution of streetlights, vehicles, and residential lighting to the urban night sky brightness
摘要： Under stable atmospheric conditions the brightness of the urban sky varies throughout the night following the time course of the anthropogenic emissions of light. Different types of artificial light sources (e.g. streetlights, residential, and vehicle lights) have specific time signatures, and this feature makes it possible to estimate the amount of brightness contributed by each of them. Our approach is based on transforming the time representation of the zenithal night sky brightness into a modal expansion in terms of time signatures of the different sources of light. The modal coefficients, and hence the absolute and relative contributions of each type of source, can be estimated by means of a linear least squares fit. A practical method for determining the time signatures of different contributing sources is also described, based on wide-field time-lapse photometry of the urban nightscape. Our preliminary results suggest that, besides the dominant streetlight contribution, artificial light leaking out of the windows of residential buildings may account for a significant share of the time-varying part of the zenithal night sky brightness at the measurement locations, whilst the contribution of the vehicle lights seems to be significantly smaller.
关键词： streetlights,urban night sky brightness,vehicles,light pollution,time-lapse photometry,residential lighting
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Smartphone APP for Continuous Observation of Pollution Levels Due to Particulate Matter Measured by Laser Mie Scattering
摘要： The article is a work intended to meet the need for mobile monitoring of polluted air comprising of excessive fine particulate matter by a compact cellular phone application. The description is about the setting up of a laser scattering compact module with an Arduino like circuit board interface and the display on the handheld smart phone through Bluetooth while the person is on the move. Giving an introduction to the Mie Scattering method with a laser beam exposed to ambient (polluted) air through a miniature blower. With an introduction to the principles of Mie Scattering of laser beam, the work has resulted in a portable set-up which is worn by any one and the levels of particulate matter viewed on one’s smart phone through an ‘‘app’’ developed for this purpose.
关键词： Particulate matter,Mie Scattering of light,Pollution monitoring,MIT App. inventor,PM2.5 and PM10
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Influence of a Light Source Installed in a Luminaire of Opal Sphere Type on the Effect of Light Pollution
摘要： The article presents the results of the studies concerning the influence of a light source installed in luminaire of opal sphere type on the light pollution effect of the night sky. It is known from literature reports that the effect of light pollution is influenced by the spectral distribution of light. Although the influence of the spectral distribution has been widely studied from different perspectives, there is still a need to study this phenomenon—for example, from the point of view of the spectral reflection properties of the ground, on which the lanterns are installed. Hence, the above-mentioned aspect was considered in the authors’ investigations. The luminaire considered has been equipped with 20 different light sources, including the latest generation of lamps (light-emitting diodes, LEDs) as well as the conventional ones. With respect to these light sources, the measurements of light distribution and spectral distribution of emitted radiation of the luminaire were performed. Having these measurement data, the simulations were carried out using the DIALux software, and the calculations were made using the specially prepared calculation tool. On the basis of the results obtained in this way this was stated that the type of light source installed in the luminaire has a significant effect on the sky glow. An important factor affecting light pollution is not only the value of the luminous flux emitted upward but also the spectral characteristics of the emitted radiation, the impact of which is most noticeable. The conclusions from the studies indicate the next steps in the analysis of the light pollution effect. These steps will be focused on extended analysis of LEDs as modern and developed light sources.
关键词： light pollution,light color,lighting,light source,spectral distribution,sky glow
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Spatial Model of Sky Brightness Magnitude in KUSZA Observatory, UniSZA
摘要： Light pollution is the by-product of anthropogenic activities result from the increases in advanced economic and urbanization. Light pollution limits the ability to view the night sky by astronomers, on biodiversity, and ecosystems. This technology nowadays has led us to increase the convenient method to observe the brightness of night sky to determine how much the night sky polluted by artificial light. The study used SQM device and monitored the sky brightness of the KUSZA Observatory in Merang, Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia. The results obtained were used to compare with the results obtained by simulation data generated from Earth Observation Group (EOG) of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center. It is the first world atlas of the artificial night sky brightness using GIS Interpolation tools. The result showed that the Kusza Observatory Merang is still appropriate to be the place of observation of celestial objects to either optical or radio astronomers. Hence, we recommended that through the data obtained from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites, the value of sky brightness from all over the world can be used to make further analysis and to increase the precision of data recorded through observations. This study provides a clear view mapping of the accessing the sky condition using Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis in the study area.
关键词： Light Pollution,GIS,SQM,Sky Brightness,Simulation
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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The LED Paradox: How Light Pollution Challenges Experts to Reconsider Sustainable Lighting
摘要： In the 21st century, the notion of “sustainable lighting” is closely associated with LED technology. In the past ten years, municipalities and private light users worldwide have installed light-emitting diodes in urban spaces and public streets to save energy. Yet an increasing body of interdisciplinary research suggests that supposedly sustainable LED installations are in fact unsustainable, because they increase light pollution. Paradoxically, blue-rich cool-white LED lighting, which is the most energy-efficient, also appears to be the most ecologically unfriendly. Biologists, physicians and ecologists warn that blue-rich LED light disturbs the circadian day-and-night rhythm of living organisms, including humans, with potential negative health effects on individual species and whole ecosystems. Can the paradox be solved? This paper explores this question based on our transdisciplinary research project Light Pollution—A Global Discussion. It reveals how light pollution experts and lighting professionals see the challenges and potential of LED lighting from their different viewpoints. This expert feedback shows that “sustainable LED lighting” goes far beyond energy efficiency as it raises complex design issues that imply stakeholder negotiation. It also suggests that the LED paradox may be solved in context, but hardly in principle.
关键词： innovation,light pollution,light-emitting diodes (LEDs),artificial light at night (ALAN),sustainable lighting,outdoor lighting
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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An Amateur's Guide to Observing and Imaging the Heavens || Imaging with Cooled CCD Cameras
摘要： The latest DSLR cameras can do a very good job of astro-imaging and can, of course, be used for general photography as well, so why go to the expense of buying a cooled CCD camera? The main reason lies in the word ‘cooled’. All imaging chips produce dark current noise which increases with exposure time and is also highly dependent on its temperature, that of a typical chip dropping by half for each drop of 6 degrees Celsius in temperature. So, if the chip is cooled by 30 degrees below ambient temperature, the dark current noise will have dropped by about 5 times, so allowing longer exposures to be taken before dark current noise becomes a problem. Given dark skies that do not suffer from light pollution, this can allow images to reveal faint nebulosity that would otherwise be lost in the noise. When significant light pollution is present, the exposure times, and hence the dark current contribution, have to be less, before the skylight becomes obtrusive, and so cooling does not confer as great an advantage. The latest chips have very low dark currents, and it is rarely worth cooling them down below about –20 C. This temperature can normally be reached with the single-stage Peltier cooling employed in CCD cameras aimed at the amateur market.
关键词： Peltier cooling,light pollution,cooled CCD cameras,dark current noise,astro-imaging
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Search for Best Astronomical Observatory Sites in the MENA Region using Satellite Measurements
摘要： We perform a systematic search for astronomical observatory sites in the MENA (Middle-East and North Africa) region using space-based data for all the relevant factors, i.e. altitude (DEM), cloud fraction (CF), light pollution (NTL), precipitable water vapor (PWV), aerosol optical depth (AOD), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), Richardson Number (RN), and diurnal temperature range (DTR). We look for the best locations overall even where altitudes are low (the threshold that we normally consider being 1,500 m) or where the combination of the afore-mentioned determining factors had previously excluded all locations in a given country. In this aim, we use the rich data that Earth-observing satellites provide, e.g. the Terra and Aqua multi-national NASA research satellites, with their MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) instruments, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS), and other products from climate diagnostics archives (e.g. MERRA). We present preliminary results on the best locations for the region.
关键词： diurnal temperature range,Richardson Number,MENA region,wind speed,precipitable water vapor,cloud fraction,relative humidity,aerosol optical depth,light pollution,astronomical observatory sites,satellite measurements
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04