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A review on smart application of supplemental lighting in greenhouse fruiting vegetable production
摘要： Different spectra of light trigger different plant growth processes. Therefore, the optimum light spectrum for various plant physiological and growth processes may be different. For greenhouse fruiting vegetables, such as tomatoes, it is important to optimize light spectrum to promote canopy growth to increase light interception during the early stage of plant growth. Once the plants reach full canopy, the focus should be moved to optimizing vertical light distribution because most greenhouse fruiting vegetables are tall crops and the growth processes along the vertical profile are different; most of the canopy growth occurs in the top and middle canopy while fruit growth occurs in the middle and bottom canopy. Because the fruit, not the leaf, is the economic product, the optimized light spectral composition should enhance leaf carbon export and translocation to fruit to improve fruit yield and quality. Therefore, a research project was initiated in 2013 to identify proper light spectral composition and vertical distribution regimes for greenhouse fruiting vegetable production. Different overhead light sources (high-pressure sodium light with or without far-red light-emitting diode (LED) light, plasma light and different spectral compositions of LEDs) and several intra-canopy spectral compositions provided by LEDs were evaluated over four winters on tomatoes, mini-cucumbers and sweet peppers. The effects of light spectrum on whole-plant net carbon exchange and leaf carbon export using 14C-isotype tracing were also investigated. The vertical light regimes resulted in significant differences in leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf size, fruit yield and fruit quality in greenhouse tomatoes, mini-cucumbers and sweet peppers. Proper vertical light regimes were identified for hybrid light systems (overhead high intensity discharge light + intra-canopy LEDs) and for pure LED light systems (overhead + intra-canopy LEDs). This review clearly demonstrates that optimized vertical light regimes can be developed for improving both plant growth and fruit yield and quality in year-round greenhouse fruiting vegetable production.
关键词： far-red light,Solanum lycopersicum,Capsicum annuum,Cucumis sativus,light quality,vertical light spectral distribution,temperature,LED,lighting,spectral composition
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Soybean Seedlings Under Different LED Lighting Quality Conditions
摘要： Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have recently been widely used as light sources for the cultivation of plants in controlled environments. However, before LEDs can be used as the sole light source, it is imperative that soybean (Glycine max) response to light quality be well characterized. The objective of the present work was to investigate how soybean seedlings respond to different blue (B) and red (R) photon flux ratios (PFR) using LEDs. Light treatments were comprised of 170 ± 5 μmol m?2 s?1 photosynthetic photon flux density with B:R ratios of 0B:100R%, 10B:90R%, 25B:75R%, 50B:50R%, 80B:20R%, 90B:10R%, and 100B:0R%. Our results suggest that with the increase in B PFR from 0 to 90%, both plant height and specific leaf area inclined to decline while stem diameter gradually increased. The plants exposed to 80B:20R% showed unexpectedly greater total root length, root surface area, root volume, number of root tip, plant dry mass, leaf dry mass, root dry mass, leaf mass fraction and root mass fraction than plants exposed to all other treatments. Plants grown with 0B:100R% had the highest content of chlorophyll b (Chl b) and content of total chlorophyll [Chl (a + b)] but possessed the lowest ratio of the content of chlorophyll a to the content of chlorophyll b (Chl a/b). Plants grown with R alone also showed the lowest chlorophyll fluorescent parameters. The light-saturated CO2 assimilation rate (Asat) and the light-saturated stomatal conductance (gssat) for 0B:100R% were, respectively, 64.85% and 203.23% lower than those for 80B:20R%. However, plants grown with sole R accumulated higher soluble sugar and starch content during the daytime. Collectively, our results suggest that compared to R- or B-LED alone, an appropriate combination of R and B promotes plant growth and photosynthetic performance for soybean.
关键词： Soybean,Plant growth,Light quality,Photosynthetic characteristics,LED
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Speed breeding short-day crops by LED-controlled light schemes
摘要： Key message A simple and rapid speed breeding system was developed for short-day crops that enables up to five generations per year using LED lighting systems that allow very specific adjustments regarding light intensity and quality. Abstract Plant breeding is a key element for future agricultural production that needs to cope with a growing human population and climate change. However, the process of developing suitable cultivars is time-consuming, not least because of the long generation times of crops. Recently, speed breeding has been introduced for long-day crops, but a similar protocol for short-day crops is lacking to date. In this study, we present a speed breeding protocol based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that allow to modify light quality, and exemplarily demonstrate its effectiveness for the short-day crops soybean (Glycine max), rice (Oryza sativa) and amaranth (Amaranthus spp.). Adjusting the photoperiod to 10 h and using a blue-light enriched, far-red-deprived light spectrum facilitated the growth of short and sturdy soybean plants that flowered ~ 23 days after sowing and matured within 77 days, thus allowing up to five generations per year. In rice and amaranth, flowering was achieved ~ 60 and ~ 35 days after sowing, respectively. Interestingly, the use of far-red light advanced flowering by 10 and 20 days in some amaranth and rice genotypes, respectively, but had no impact on flowering in soybeans, highlighting the importance of light quality for speed breeding protocols. Taken together, our short-day crops’ speed breeding protocol enables several generations per year using crop-specific LED-based lighting regimes, without the need of tissue culture tools such as embryo rescue. Moreover, this approach can be readily applied to a multi-storey 96-cell tray-based system to integrate speed breeding with genomics, toward a higher improvement rate in breeding.
关键词： light quality,LED lighting,photoperiod,short-day crops,speed breeding
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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High efficiency color-temperature tunable organic light-emitting diode
摘要： In this study, we demonstrate a high-efficiency and high light-quality organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with color temperature tunable from the 1700 K of dusk-hue, 1900 K of candles and 2500 K of incandescent bulbs to 3000 K of warm-white light. The color-temperature tunable OLED device was achieved by utilizing a hybrid system and inserting a carrier modulation layer (CML) between the emission layers. In addition, the electron-rich charge transport properties of EML-1, facilitated via a 3 : 1 composition ratio of the 3P-T2T host to TPD-15 co-host, played a crucial role in tuning the desirable low-color temperature of the fabricated OLED devices. The current efficiency, power efficacy, and spectrum resemblance index (SRI) of the studied OLED are 40.2 cd/A, 40.3 lm W?1 and 82.2 at 1000 cd m?2, respectively. The resultant devices show great potential to advance the study and development of physiologically friendly lighting and enable a successful commercial OLED lighting product in the market.
关键词： organic light-emitting diode,physiologically friendly lighting,high light-quality,color temperature tunable,high efficiency
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Growth responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings as affected by monochromic or mixture radiation provided by light-emitting diode
摘要： The light emitting diodes (LEDs), as a source of monochromic light, has been widely used in the field of agriculture and horticulture. We conducted a pot experiment to investigate the effect of LEDs (W, B, R1:B1:W1, R3:B1, R5:B1, R6:B1 and R) on growth and photosynthesis of soybean (Glycine max L. viz. Huachun 6 (HC6), Huaxia 3 (HX3) and Guixiadou 2 (GXD2)) seedlings. The agronomic traits, physiological characteristics and photosynthetic capacity of soybean seedlings were determined. The result showed that root growth, photosynthetic pigment, plant height, stem diameter, hypocotyl length, epicotyl length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were significantly affected with light treatment. Pn was much higher and the root growth was much better under red/blue mixed light (R5:B1) than the other treatment. Photosynthetic pigment of each cultivar was different under various treatments. This study demonstrates that the root growth and photosynthetic capacity of soybean seedling could be regulated by light treatments. Therefore, it is important the effectiveness of light quality for growth and morphogenesis of soybean seedling.
关键词： Physiological characteristic,Photosynthetic parameters,Agronomic traits,Root traits,Light quality
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Changes in the photosynthesis properties and photoprotection capacity in rice (Oryza sativa) grown under red, blue, or white light
摘要： Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the excited state of chlorophyll a is a major photoprotective mechanism plants utilize to survive under high light. Here, we report the impact of long-term light quality treatment on photosynthetic properties, especially NPQ in rice. We used three LED-based light regimes, i.e., red (648–672 nm), blue (438–460 nm), and “warm” white light (529–624 nm), with the incident photon flux density of 300 μmol photons m?2 s?1, the difference in the absorbed photon flux densities by leaves grown under different light quality being less than 7%. Our results show that blue light, as compared to white light, induced a significant decrease in Fv/Fm, a decreased rate of reduction of P700+ after P700 was completely oxidized; furthermore, blue light also induced higher NPQ with an increased initial speed of NPQ induction, which corresponds to the qE component of NPQ, and a lower maximum quantum yield of PSII, i.e., Y(II). In contrast, rice grown under long-term red light showed decreased Y(II) and increased NPQ, but with no change in Fv/Fm. Furthermore, we found that rice grown under either blue or red light showed decreased transcript abundance of both catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, together with an increased H2O2 content, as compared to rice grown under white light. All these data suggest that even under a moderate incident light level, rice grown under blue or red light led to compromised antioxidant system, which contributed to decreased quantum yield of photosystem II and increased NPQ.
关键词： Non-photochemical quenching of the excited state of chlorophyll a,Effective quantum yield of PSII,Light quality,Quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in PSII,Oryza sativa,Antioxidant system
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Smart Plant Factory (The Next Generation Indoor Vertical Farms) || The Quality and Quality Shifting of the Night Interruption Light Affect the Morphogenesis and Flowering in Floricultural Plants
摘要： The effects of the quality of night interruption (NI) on the morphogenesis and flowering were investigated in Petunia hybrida Hort. “Easy Wave Pink” (qualitative long-day plant), Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey “Ringo 2000 Violet” (day-neutral plant), and Dendranthema grandiflorum “gaya yellow” (qualitative short-day plant). Plants were grown in a closed-type plant factory under a light intensity of 180 μmol·m?2·s?1 PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) provided by white (W) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) under a condition of either long day (LD, 16 h light/8 h dark), short day (SD, 10 h light/14 h dark), or SD with 4 h NI. NI was provided by 10 ± 3 μmol·m?2·s?1 PPFD.
关键词： Day-neutral plant,Long-day plant,Light quality,Morphogenesis,Flowering control,Short-day plant
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Responses of Morphology, Gas Exchange, Photochemical Activity of Photosystem II, and Antioxidant Balance in Cyclocarya paliurus to Light Spectra
摘要： Light quality is a critical factor regulating photosynthetic capacity which directly affects the final yield of plants. Cyclocarya paliurus is a multiple function tree species and its leaves are widely used as tea production and ingredient in China. However, the effects of varying light quality on photosynthetic process and the photoprotective mechanisms remains unexplored in-depth. In this study, the biomass accumulation, morphology changes, photosynthetic capacity, stomata ultrastructure, pigments content, PSII activity, reactive oxygen species production, antioxidant enzymes, and phenolic content of C. paliurus plants under different light-emitting diodes (LED) light treatments were investigated to test a hypothesis that the difference in photosynthetic efficiency of C. paliurus plants under differential light quality is related to the degree of photoinhibition and the activation of photoprotection. We found that C. paliurus plants performed better under the treatments of WL (white light, 445 and 560 nm) and BL (blue light, 456 nm) than the treatment of GL (green light, 514 nm) and RL (red light, 653 nm). The better performances were characterized by higher values of photosynthetic capacity, total biomass, pigments content, specific leaf mass per area, seeding height increment, leaf thickness and palisade length. In contrast, plants under the treatments of GL and RL suffered significant photoinhibition but effectively developed photoprotective mechanisms. Results of this study provide not only some insights of the response mechanisms of plant photosynthesis to light quality but also a scientific basis for improving the cultivation of C. paliurus plantations.
关键词： PSII activity,Cyclocarya paliurus,antioxidant balance,morphology,light quality,pigments content
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A study of the impact of VLC on the quality of lighting and display – EPSRC
摘要： Dr Wasiu Popoola of the University of Edinburgh talks about his research into visible light communication and shares the results of his latest work examining the underutilised optical spectrum as a potential pathway to wirelessly connect devices. The research investigates the impacts of visible light communication (VLC) on the fundamental properties of energy efficiency, light quality and life expectancy of a light-emitting diode (LED) that is primarily designed for lighting or display. It aims to deliver the required approach for optimising VLC and safeguard the LED’s reliability, durability and emitted light quality.
关键词： light quality,LED,VLC,energy efficiency,visible light communication,life expectancy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14