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- 2019
- Distributed optical fiber sensing
- Optical frequency domain reflection
- Polynomial regression algorithm
- Nonlinear tuning compensation
- Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
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Single-step process of microstructural functionally graded Ti6Al4V by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing
摘要： The objectives of this study are: (1) to verify whether using linear heat input alone is sufficient to predict the resulting microstructure of Ti6Al4V and (2) to demonstrate the potential of single-step process of functionally graded material using powder bed fusion. In laser powder bed fusion, linear heat input is defined as the ratio of laser power to scan speed. It is a key process variable that describes the unit energy input. Therefore, linear heat input has been extensively linked with the resulting microstructure. However, review of existing studies shows that when similar linear heat input was used, a marked difference in mechanical properties exists. Using proportionally changed laser power and scan speed in five zones, functionally graded specimens were fabricated in this study. All other parameters remain the same for these zones. Variation of microstructure and hardness across the five zones were obtained. This implies that linear heat input is not sufficient to determine the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. The amplitude of laser power and scan speed has an effect on the resulting microstructure, so they need to be separately considered in future studies.
关键词： Linear heat input,Functionally graded material,Ti6Al4V,Microstructure,Powder bed fusion
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Rapid quality assessment of isogams using laser plasma spectroscopy
摘要： In this paper, the quality assessment of isogams is demonstrated by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) using the comparative standardization method. Here, the mass concentrations of carbon and hydrogen, as basic elements of tar, relative to that of calcium, as an undesired element, are taken into account as principal parameters to determine the quality of isogams. Hence, the intensity ratios of H?? line of hydrogen (656.28?nm), the (0, 0) band of CN (388.34?nm), and the (0, 0) band of C2 (516.52?nm) to the line intensity of once-ionized calcium (317.93?nm) are considered as determinant markers for five different pre-known isogam brands. Qualitatively, classification of the isogams based on this approach is in full agreement with that obtained from the results of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In FTIR spectra, two stronger transitions of 2849?cm?1 and 2917?cm?1 related to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of C–H play the principal role in the analysis of samples. Furthermore, the results obtained from energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis quantitatively confirm the LIBS outcomes. And finally, to reveal the differences between isogams from various aspects, the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is exploited as a statistical approach.
关键词： FTIR spectroscopy,EDX analysis,Linear discriminant analysis (LDA),Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS),Isogams,Quality assessment
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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45?° Linearly Polarized and Circularly Polarized High-Scanning-Rate Leaky-Wave Antennas Based on Slotted Substrate Integrated Waveguide
摘要： A class of 45? linearly polarized and circular polarized high scanning rate leaky wave antennas are proposed in this paper, which is based on slow-wave substrate integrated waveguide structure. High scanning rate leaky wave antennas have recently become attractive for imaging applications and automotive radar. These applications also require a continuous scanning range without an open stopband, as seen at broadside for ordinary leaky wave antennas. Furthermore, both 45? linearly polarization and circularly polarization are required in practical applications. In this paper, we propose an all-in-one leaky wave antenna design, which features high scanning rate, continuous scanning capability across the broadside, 45? linear polarization or circularly polarization, single-layer configuration, and single-side radiation. Two design examples are provided to illustrate the proposed principle. Both simulation and experimental validation are given.
关键词： open stopband,Leaky wave antenna,substrate integrated waveguide,circular polarization,scanning rate,linear polarization
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Benefit-based cost allocation for residentially distributed photovoltaic systems in China: A cooperative game theory approach
摘要： Distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems have constantly been the key to achieve a low-carbon economy in China. However, the development of Chinese distributed PV systems has failed to meet expectations because of their irrational profit and cost allocations. In this study, the methodology for calculating the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for PV is thoroughly discussed to address this issue. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the optimal system operation strategy with a benefit analysis. An externality-corrected mathematical model based on Shapley value is established to allocate the cost of distributed PV systems in 15 Chinese cities between the government, utility grid and residents. Results show that (i) an inverse relationship exists between the LCOEs and solar radiation levels; (ii) the government and residents gain extra benefits from the utility grid through net metering policies, and the utility grid should be the highly subsidized participant; (iii) the percentage of cost assigned to the utility grid and government should increase with the expansion of battery bank to weaken the impact of demand response on increasing theoretical subsidies; and (iv) apart from the LCOE, the local residential electricity prices remarkably impact the subsidy calculation results.
关键词： Shapley value,cooperative game theory,mixed-integer linear programming,levelized cost of energy,cost allocation,solar photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Ultrafast energy absorption and photoexcitation of bulk plasmon in crystalline silicon subjected to intense near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses
摘要： We investigate the non-linear response and energy absorption in bulk silicon irradiated by intense 12-fs near-infrared laser pulses. Depending on the laser intensity, we distinguish two regimes of non-linear absorption of the laser energy: for low intensities, energy deposition and photoionization involve perturbative three-photon transition through the direct bandgap of silicon. For laser intensities near and above 1014 W/cm2, corresponding to photocarrier density of order 1022 cm?3, we find that absorption at near-infrared wavelengths is greatly enhanced due to excitation of bulk plasmon resonance. In this regime, the energy transfer to electrons exceeds a few times the thermal melting threshold of Si. The optical reflectivity of the photoexcited solid is found in good qualitative agreement with existing experimental data. In particular, the model predicts that the main features of the reflectivity curve of photoexcited Si as a function of the laser fluence are determined by the competition between state and band filling associated with Pauli exclusion principle and Drude free-carrier response. The non-linear response of the photoexcited solid is also investigated for irradiation of silicon with a sequence of two strong and temporary non-overlapping pulses. The cumulative effect of the two pulses is non-additive in terms of deposited energy. Photoionization and energy absorption on the leading edge of the second pulse is greatly enhanced due to free carrier absorption.
关键词： bulk silicon,optical reflectivity,photoexcited solid,near-infrared laser pulses,Drude free-carrier response,non-linear response,energy absorption,plasmon resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Synthesis, crystal structure analysis, spectral characterization and nonlinear optical exploration of potent thiosemicarbazones based compounds: A DFT refine experimental study
摘要： The thiosemicarbazones have exciting biological and nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. The present study reports detail experimental and computational studies of three novel ferrocene-substituted thiosemicarbazones: (E/Z)-4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-(1-ferrocenyl-ethyl)thiosemicarbazone (2) and (E/Z)-4-benzyl-1-(1-ferrocenylethyl)thiosemicarbazones (1) and (E/Z)-4-(2-bromo benzyl)-1-(1-ferrocenylethyl)thiosemicarbazone (3). These compounds were synthesized and resolved into their single crystal structures for the estimation of unit cells, space groups, bond angles and bond lengths. Chemical structures of 1–3 were further characterized spectroscopically employing nuclear magnetic resonance technique (1H NMR), infrared (FT-IR), mass and UV–Visible studies. Computational studies of 1–3 were performed using density functional theory (DFT) tools at M06 level of theory and 6–31 + G(d,p) basis set combination to gain the optimized geometry. A good correlation was found between experimental SC-XRD structures and DFT optimized geometries. Electronic properties including natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis, spectroscopic FT-IR data and NLO properties were calculated using same M06/6–31 + G(d,p) level of theory. NBO analysis confirmed the formation of charge separation state due to successful migration of electrons from donor to acceptor unit through π-bridge. Global reactivity parameters were estimated using energies of FMOs which described that 1–3 are chemically hard and stable molecules. Vertical electronic transition states were calculated using time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) at same level of theory. NLO properties of 1–3 were computed 5.77, 3.48 and 8.93 times greater than the standard urea molecule respectively. Two-state model confirmed the potential of synthesized molecules as NLO candidates.
关键词： Frontier molecular orbital,Ferrocene-substituted thiosemicarbazones,Spectroscopic data,Crystal structures,Non-linear optical properties,Density functional theory
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Nested control loop design for differential boost inverter using generalized averaged model in photovoltaic applications
摘要： To use photovoltaic energy, voltage source inverters are playing an important role. The most of local AC loads such as AC motors need higher voltage than solar panel output voltage. Differential boost inverter produces an AC voltage that is greater than the DC input voltage in a single power stage. This inverter consists of two DC-DC bilateral boost converters in which work via time-variant duty cycles to produce sinusoidal voltage, and this feature causes complexity in control design. To deal with this complexity, new modeling so-called generalized averaged model is used to achieve a linear time-invariant model. In this paper, a nested control loop is designed. This control strategy consists of two control loops in which the inner loop is designed by linear quadratic regulator theory to displace poles in proper location and the second loop uses a PI-PR controller to track desired voltage and reject disturbances. To evaluate the proposed control method, the sliding mode controller is applied and compared as well. As shown by simulations, the proposed control strategy has more reliable performance and provides higher robustness in comparison with sliding mode control technique in rigid situations such as dealing with nonlinear load, parameters values changes, and external disturbances.
关键词： PI-PR,renewable energies,boost inverter,linear quadratic regulator,generalized averaged model
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Observation the Multi-Soliton Patterns From the Er-Doped Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Modulated by PtSe2
摘要： The passively mode-locked ?ber laser modulated by low-dimensional materials can provide an ideal platform to investigate the soliton dynamics. Here, we experimentally explored the soliton formation and evolution from an erbium-doped ?ber laser mode-locked by mechanically exfoliated PtSe2 saturable absorber via evanescent ?eld interaction. With the increasing pump power, different soliton patterns, such as single soliton, two solitons, and bound soliton, can be observed experimentally. The experimental results can identify the non-linear optical response of the PtSe2 and may make avenue toward unveiling the nature of the soliton dynamics in the ?ber laser system.
关键词： non-linear optics,soliton dynamics,?ber laser,mode-locking,saturable absorber
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Three-dimensional view of out-of-plane artifacts in photoacoustic imaging using a laser-integrated linear-transducer-array probe
摘要： Research on photoacoustic imaging (PAI) using a handheld integrated photoacoustic probe has been a recent focus of clinical translation of this imaging technique. One of the remaining challenges is the occurrence of out-of-plane artifacts (OPAs) in such a probe. Previously, we proposed a method to identify and remove OPAs by axially displacing the transducer array. Here we show that besides the benefit of removing OPAs from the imaging plane, the proposed method can provide a three-dimensional (3D) view of the OPAs. In this work, we present a 3D reconstruction method using axial transducer array displacement. By axially displacing the transducer array, out-of-plane absorbers can be three-dimensionally visualized at an elevation distance of up to the acquired imaging depth. Additionally, OPAs in the in-plane image are significantly reduced. We experimentally demonstrate the method with phantom and in vivo experiments using an integrated PAI probe. We also compare the method with elevational transducer array displacement and take into account the sensitivity of the transducer array in the 3D reconstruction.
关键词： Out-of-plane artifact,Three-dimensional reconstruction,Linear array,Beamforming
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Structural properties of silicon–germanium and germanium–silicon core–shell nanowires
摘要： Core–shell nanowires made of Si and Ge can be grown experimentally with excellent control for different sizes of both core and shell. We have studied the structural properties of Si/Ge and Ge/Si core–shell nanowires aligned along the [1 1 0] direction, with diameters up to 10.2 nm and varying core to shell ratios, using linear scaling density functional theory. We show that Vegard’s law, which is often used to predict the axial lattice constant, can lead to an error of up to 1%, underlining the need for a detailed ab initio atomistic treatment of the nanowire structure. We analyse the character of the intrinsic strain distribution and show that, regardless of the composition or bond direction, the Si core or shell always expands. In contrast, the strain patterns in the Ge shell or core are highly sensitive to the location, composition and bond direction. The highest strains are found at heterojunction interfaces and the surfaces of the nanowires. This detailed understanding of the atomistic structure and strain paves the way for studies of the electronic properties of core–shell nanowires and investigations of doping and structure defects.
关键词： Vegard’s law,nanowire,linear scaling density functional theory,core–shell
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01