- 标题
- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Performance-Aware Energy Saving for Data Center Networks
摘要： Today’s data center networks (DCNs) tend to have tens to hundreds of thousands of servers to provide massive and sophisticated services. The architectural design of DCNs usually over-provisioned for peaks workloads and fault-tolerance. Statistically, DCNs remain highly under-utilized with typical utilization of around 30%. Network over-provisioning and under-utilization can be exploited for energy-saving. Most research efforts on data center network energy saving focus on how to save maximum energy with little or no consideration to the performance of the residual network. Thus, the DCN performance degraded and the network left vulnerable to sudden traffic surges. In this paper, we have studied energy-saving problem in DCNs while preserving network performance. The problem was formulated as MILP that is solvable by CPLEX to minimize the energy consumed by DCN, meanwhile, safety threshold constraints for links utilization are met. To overcome CPLEX high computational time, a heuristic algorithm to provide practical and efficient solution for the MILP is introduced. The heuristic algorithm uses switches grouping and links consolidation to switch the traffic to a small number of network devices and turn-off unused switches and links. Valiant load-balancing is used to distribute the loads over active links. Simulation experiments using synthetic and real packet traces were conducted to validate the heuristic in terms of energy consumption and network performance. The results show that the heuristic can save up to 45% of the network energy and improves the average imbalance-scores for links and switches by more than 50% with minimal effect on network performance.
关键词： Load Balancing,Energy Saving,Data Center Networks
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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[IEEE 2019 3rd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) - Ankara, Turkey (2019.10.11-2019.10.13)] 2019 3rd International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT) - Concentrated Photovoltaic Solar Power Investigation in Space Application
摘要： In this paper, we consider a network in which lower power nodes (LPNs) are deployed jointly within macrocells. However, there are significant differences between the transmit power levels, coverage areas, and deployment densities of these two types of base stations. Such disparities lead to an unfair load distribution, as well as a lower throughput for picocells’users equipments (UEs). A good solution to such issues is the exploitation of the cell range expansion (CRE) technique. Although CRE has widely proven its effectiveness, it may degrade the network capacity if the cell bias is not chosen properly. In fact, it may generate severe intercell interference at extended region cell (ERC) UEs, which leads to a deterioration of their throughput. We thus propose a downlink coordinated cell range expansion for mobility management (CCREMM) strategy that analytically computes the joint optimal bias at picocells and macrocells. CCREMM mitigates the interference at ERC-UEs by accounting for their maximum tolerable interference. Moreover, CCREMM reaches the load balancing and the UE QoS satisfaction by accounting for additional parameters. It will be proven that our strategy which is associated with the maximum throughput scheduling technique, results in a cell load-balancing improvement, fairness, and a 50–90% UE throughput enhancement. These performance figures are shown to surpass those achieved by alternative approaches proposed in the existing literature.
关键词： HetNets,load balancing,QoS,resource allocation,mobility management
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO) - St. Petersburg (2018.6.4-2018.6.8)] 2018 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO) - Monte Carlo simulations of the diffuse correlation spectroscopy signals for bounded biomodels
摘要： This paper addresses the issues of user association in multi-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) to reduce co-channel interference and provide load balancing for proactively of?oading users onto mobile personal cells (mPC). Previously, much of the literature discussed the user’ association problem for HetNets with conventional ?xed small cells. The problem discussed in the existing literature is easy to analyze owing to ?x nature of the small cells. In this paper, we focus on the mPC instead of ?xed small cells, which complicates the user association problem due to its nature of mobility. In this paper, we propose the public safety (PS) users priority-based mPC user association (PS-UA) scheme for load balancing and interference reduction in highly ?uctuating PS long-term evolution systems. The proposed scheme improves the user-association problem by minimizing call blocking probability (CBP) according to the network load conditions and PS user priority. Moreover, it further improves user signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio by implementing enhanced intercell interference coordination scheme to further reduce the interference to the of?oaded users. System-level simulations con?rmed the validity of the proposed PS-UA scheme, because it convincingly reduces the CBP for PS users as compared with the conventional static user association scheme.
关键词： PS-LTE,user association,interference reduction,Public safety priority,5G system,load balancing
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) - Sydney, Australia (2018.11.10-2018.11.17)] 2018 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Proceedings (NSS/MIC) - Large Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) Performance Test Results
摘要： In this paper, we consider a network in which lower power nodes (LPNs) are deployed jointly within macrocells. However, there are significant differences between the transmit power levels, coverage areas, and deployment densities of these two types of base stations. Such disparities lead to an unfair load distribution, as well as a lower throughput for picocells’users equipments (UEs). A good solution to such issues is the exploitation of the cell range expansion (CRE) technique. Although CRE has widely proven its effectiveness, it may degrade the network capacity if the cell bias is not chosen properly. In fact, it may generate severe intercell interference at extended region cell (ERC) UEs, which leads to a deterioration of their throughput. We thus propose a downlink coordinated cell range expansion for mobility management (CCREMM) strategy that analytically computes the joint optimal bias at picocells and macrocells. CCREMM mitigates the interference at ERC-UEs by accounting for their maximum tolerable interference. Moreover, CCREMM reaches the load balancing and the UE QoS satisfaction by accounting for additional parameters. It will be proven that our strategy which is associated with the maximum throughput scheduling technique, results in a cell load-balancing improvement, fairness, and a 50–90% UE throughput enhancement. These performance figures are shown to surpass those achieved by alternative approaches proposed in the existing literature.
关键词： HetNets,load balancing,QoS,resource allocation,mobility management
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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FA-LAR: an efficient flow aware based load adaptive routing scheme for optical communication networks
摘要： Routing Protocols have been proposed to enable the network to identify and suggest various routes to number of demanded flows. In the Flow-Aware Network Models, the routes are identified and selected with the help of Flow Tables or Flow Identifiers that proposed by Flow Aggregation Mechanism. That is, users can define a Flow Aggregation Model to suggest routes depend on their defined-demanded flows and this model effectively handles many flows, which helps core routers to profit aggregate routing. This is an efficient and effective approach to identify a best route to achieve required performance. It is noted from the literature survey that the Flow-Aware Multi-Topology Adaptive Routing (FAMTAR) was proposed for achieving higher Network performance through multipath solutions. This FAMTAR Model was implemented and studied thoroughly. From the experimental results, it was noticed that this model unable to i. detect and manage bulk flow, ii. Control Traffic Loss and iii. Maintain Deviation of Links Load against Traffic Load. To address the above mentioned issues, this research work is proposed an efficient Flow-Aware based Load Adaptive Routing (FA-LAR). This model is developed and implemented in ns3 and the simulation results are analysed carefully. From the experimental results, it is noticed that the prosed Model, FA-LAR is performing well as compared with the existing FAMTAR in terms of Queueing Delay, Throughput, Power Consumption (Energy Dissipation), and Load Deviation. It is also noticed that the proposed model unable to achieve higher Throughput for Low Load.
关键词： Load Balancing,Flow-Aware Network Models,Flow-Aware Multi-Topology Adaptive Routing,Routing Protocols,Flow-Aware Based Load Adaptive Routing
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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[ASME ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems - San Francisco, California, USA (Monday 27 August 2018)] ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems - Improving Energy Efficiency in Data Centers by Controlling Task Distribution and Cooling
摘要： The rapid growth in cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), and data processing via Machine Learning (ML), have greatly increased our need for computing resources. Given this rapid growth, it is expected that data centers will consume more and more of our global energy supply. Improving their energy efficiency is therefore crucial. One of the biggest sources of energy consumption is the energy required to cool the data centers, and ensure that the servers stay within their intended operating temperature range. Indeed, about 40% of a data center’s total power consumption is for air conditioning[1]. Here, we study how the server air inlet and outlet, as well as the CPU, temperatures depend upon server loads typical of real Internet Protocol (IP) traces. The trace data used here are from Google clusters and include the times, job and task ID, as well as the number and usage of CPU cores. The resulting IT loads are distributed using standard load-balancing methods such as Round Robin (RR) and the CPU utilization method. Experiments are conducted in the Data Center Laboratory (DCL) at the Georgia Institute of Technology to monitor the server outlet air temperature, as well as real-time CPU temperatures for servers at different heights within the rack. Server temperatures were measured by on-line temperature monitoring with Xbee, Raspberry PI, Arduino, and hot-wire anemometers. Given that the temperature response varies with server position, in part due to spatial variations in the cooling airflow over the rack inlet and the server fan speeds, a new load-balancing approach for spatially varying that accounts temperature response within a rack is tested and validated in this paper.
关键词： Wireless Sensor System,Load Balancing,Data Center
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Grant-sizing-differentiated bandwidth allocation algorithm for the coexistence of ONUs with and without wavelength tunability in WDM/TDM PONs
摘要： Adopting the pay-as-you-grow approach to upgrade passive optical network (PON) facilities by WDM technology insures the smoothness of the upgrade, and also results in the coexistence of wavelength-fixed/tunable optical network units (ONUs) in WDM/TDM PONs. Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) is the key to support such coexistence of heterogeneous ONUs. Thus, DBA is also the key to support the smooth evolution of PONs. To more fairly coordinate the bandwidth allocation among the coexisting heterogeneous ONUs, a differentiated grant sizing (DGS) scheme is proposed. In DGS, not only the fairness between the wavelength-fixed/tunable ONUs but also the fairness between the lightly/heavily loaded ONUs is taken into account. To further carry out load balancing among wavelengths, a grant scheduling scheme is also proposed to cooperate with the grant sizing scheme. In the grant scheduling scheme, a measure of the ONUs’ flexibility is given, and then the least flexible job first rule (LFJF) is adopted for joint wavelength and time-slot assignment. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a series of comparative analyses is conducted based on simulation experiments.
关键词： DBA,Fairness,ONU,Wavelength tunability,Load balancing
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Optimal Discrete Net-Load Balancing in Smart Grids with High PV Penetration
摘要： Mitigating supply-demand mismatch is critical for smooth power grid operation. Traditionally, load curtailment techniques such as demand response have been used for this purpose. However, these cannot be the only component of a net-load balancing framework for smart grids with high PV penetration. These grids sometimes exhibit supply surplus, causing overvoltages. Currently, these are mitigated using voltage manipulation techniques such as Volt-Var Optimizations, which are computationally expensive, thereby increasing the complexity of grid operations. Taking advantage of recent technological developments that enable rapid selective connection of PV modules of an installation to the grid, we develop a unified net-load balancing framework that performs both load and solar curtailment. We show that when the available curtailment values are discrete, this problem is NP-hard and we develop bounded approximation algorithms. Our algorithms produce fast solutions, given the tight timing constraints required for grid operation, while ensuring that practical constraints such as fairness, network capacity limits, and so forth are satisfied. We also develop an online algorithm that performs net-load balancing using only data available for the current interval. Using both theoretical analysis and practical evaluations, we show that our net-load balancing algorithms provide solutions that are close to optimal in a small amount of time.
关键词： smart grid,discrete curtailment,approximation algorithms,Net-load balancing
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 3rd Optoelectronics Global Conference (OGC) - Shenzhen (2018.9.4-2018.9.7)] 2018 IEEE 3rd Optoelectronics Global Conference (OGC) - Cross-Task Dynamic Load Balancing Strategy
摘要： In a multi-computer request application scenario, a certain number of computer resources need to be used to process multiple computer tasks at the same time. However, currently there is no load balancing strategy that can be effectively applied in such scenarios. This paper proposes the cross task load balancing strategy CTLB (Cross Task Load Balancing), the strategy at the beginning of each task, re- estimate the resource overhead of each task, and then according to the amount of tasks to re-allocate the available computer re-sources. This strategy is based on the "time continuity" feature in the computer technology, so it is a dynamic load balancing strategy of the past-frame type. The strategy can handle a plurality of computer requests in a balanced manner with a certain amount of computer resources, and improve the performance of the parallel computer system in a multi-projection or multi-request scenario. This paper first briefly describes the CTLB dynamic load balancing strategy, and then gives the specific algorithm of the dynamic load balancing strategy. Then describes the dynamic load balancing strategy on the GGPRF integration, and finally the per-formance of the dynamic load balancing strategy.
关键词： dynamic load balancing,multi-projection,parallel computer system
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14