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- 2019
- low-temperature electronics
- junction field-effect transistors
- differential operational amplifier
- LTspice environment
- differential stage
- common-mode rejection ratio
- class AB operation
- optimization of analog electronic circuit
- operational amplifier
- LTspice environment
- Electronic Science and Technology
- Don State Technical University
- Southern Federal University
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A facile route of preparing nickel(II) oxide thin films for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been very popular in the field of photovoltaics. In the inverted PSC structure, the hole transport layer deposited before perovskite photoactive layer plays a crucial role in power conversion efficiencies (PCE) and ambient stability of device. Here, we developed a facile method of preparing NiO hole transport layers aided by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for inverted perovskite solar cells. Compared with reported fabrication methods, this route has the advantages of simple, low temperature, and low-cost processing. The corresponding devices exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.78% and good stability. Various characterizations, XRD, Raman, AFM, SEM, PL etc were carried out to confirm the superior effect of the NiO film prepared by new method. We believe that this facile route will be a significant contribution for preparing high performance inverted perovskite solar cells.
关键词： NiO hole transport layers,Perovskite solar cells,low-temperature processing,PMMA,power conversion efficiency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Preparation of SiC Powders by Carbonthemal Reduction Method at Low Temperature
摘要： The stable slurry was prepared by ball-milling with a certain proportion of silica fume as silicon source, glucose as carbon source and metal niobium (Nb) as additives mixed with alcohol water. After the slurry was dried and pulverized, put the powder into a tubular furnace heated to 650℃ for 2h under nitrogen atmosphere to prepare precursor, the heating rate was 5℃ /min. Treated the precursor under vacuum by carbothermal reduction method to prepare silicon carbide (SiC) powder. The effect of temperature and additive content on the morphology of synthesised silicon carbide and the impurity removal order on product purity were explored. After firing at 1300℃, 1400℃, 1500℃ for 2 h, the 3C-SiC powders are detected, and as the temperature increased, the crystallinity of the product become better. When the content of the additive is 1% of the quality of the silica fume, the particle size of the silicon carbide synthesized at the temperature of 1500℃ is even and the dispersion is better. As for the impurity removal order, removed SiO2 first, then removed C can effectively remove the impurities in the product.
关键词： metal niobium,carbothermal reduction,silica fume,glucose,SiC powders,low temperature
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Effects of Low-Temperature Tempering on Microstructure and Properties of the Laser-Cladded AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel Coating
摘要： Post-treatment is crucial to improve the comprehensive performance of laser-cladded martensitic stainless steel coatings. In this work, a low-temperature tempering treatment (210 ?C), for the ?rst time, was performed on the laser-cladded AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel coating. The microstructure and properties of the pre- and post-tempering specimens were carefully investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, a micro-hardness tester, a universal material testing machine and an electrochemical workstation. The results show that the as-cladded AISI 420 stainless steel coating mainly consisted of martensite, austenite, Fe3C and M23C6 carbides. The phase constituent of the coating remained the same, however, the martensite decomposed into ?ner tempered martensite with the precipitation of numerous nano-sized Fe3C carbides and reverted austenite in the as-tempered specimen. Moreover, a slight reduction was found in the micro-hardness and tensile strength, while a signi?cant increase in elongation was achieved after tempering. The fractography showed a transition from brittle fracture to ductile fracture accordingly. The as-tempered coating exhibited a striking combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. This work can provide a potential strategy to enhance the overall properties of the laser-deposited Fe-based coating for industrial applications.
关键词： microstructure,laser cladding,low-temperature tempering,properties,stainless steel coating
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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Organic salt mediated growth of phase pure and stable all-inorganic CsPbX3 (X?=?I, Br) perovskites for efficient photovoltaics
摘要： All-inorganic CsPbX3(X = I, Br) perovskites without organic component are promising for long-term stability but face main challenges of facile fabrication and phase stability. Here we discover a general organic methylamine acetate salt mediated growth method to deposit high quality phase pure and stable CsPbX3 (X = I/Br) perovskite films via a novel precursor consisting of stoichiometric cesium acetate (CsAc), methylamine halide (MAX) and lead halide (PbX2). Interestingly, these organic salts of CsAc and MAX could efficiently promote the crystallization process especially lower the crystallization temperature, but do not introduce the incorporation of organic MA cation into all-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites. These phase pure and stable CsPbX3 perovskites with tunable band gaps can be fabricated into high efficiency photovoltaics. Our organic salt mediated growth of all-inorganic perovskite not only reveals the all-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskite’s unique crystal growth mechanism but also demonstrates their promising application for photovoltaics.
关键词： CsPbX3,Low temperature,Solar cells,All-inorganic perovskite,Methylamine acetate
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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A Study on the Effect of Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Texturing on the Microstructure and Properties of Metastable S Phase Layer formed on AISI 316L Surfaces
摘要： Austenitic stainless steels (ASS) are an important material within the food and medical industries. However, their current limitations of poor wear resistance and susceptibility to bacterial colonisation have limited further uptake. Low-temperature plasma nitriding can address the poor durability of the ASS alloys by forming the S phase, therefore, providing combined improvement in hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Additionally, pulsed laser texturing can also be used to introduce functional antibacterial textures. However, due to the thermal nature of laser patterning and the thermodynamic metastability of the S phase, almost no research has been conducted thus far on combining the technologies. Therefore, this study for the first time has investigated the response of S phase treated surfaces to ultrashort (nano and femtosecond) laser texturing. The results have shown that, both theoretically and in practice, laser pulses within the nanosecond regime led to the damage of the surface, decomposition of the metastable S phase and loss of the corrosion resistance. In contrast, no change of the S phase surface layer could be detected following femtosecond laser texturing. Hence, demonstrating the feasibility of texturing S phase surfaces using femtosecond pulsed lasers, thus paving the way towards long-lasting multi-functional antibacterial stainless steel surfaces.
关键词： low-temperature nitriding,active-screen plasma,S phase,AISI 316L,thermal stability,pulsed laser texturing
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Mass spectrometry imaging of thin-layer chromatography plates using laser desorption/low-temperature plasma ionisation
摘要： Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a classic method for the separation and analysis of complex mixtures. Biological assays, chemical derivatisation and spectroscopy techniques are compatible with TLC and provide extra information about isolated compounds. However, coupling TLC to mass spectrometry is hampered by the difficulty to desorb the analytes from the silica surfaces. In this study, we used a multimodal ion source for laser desorption (LD) and low-temperature plasma (LTP) post-ionisation. Efficient desorption was reached by covering the TLC plates with activated carbon. Regions of interest can be analysed by spots, by lines or by area. We show the separation of methylxanthines from coffee, tea and cocoa preparations by TLC, with subsequent mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Using a lateral resolution of 400 mm × 400 mm, allowed the acquisition of 21,895 spectra in 2.4 h (2.5 pixels/s). Further, we demonstrate the possibility of direct mass fragmentation studies and quantification. We mounted the system on an Open LabBot with a theoretical lateral resolution of 12.5 mm and performed the visualisation of ions of interest and the pixel-wise review of mass spectra with our free software RmsiGUI (https://bitbucket.org/lababi/rmsigui). This non-proprietary and modular platform enables the cost-efficient adaption of the system and further development by the community.
关键词： mass spectrometry imaging,thin-layer chromatography,low-temperature plasma,laser desorption,ambient ionisation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Low-temperature Interfacial Engineering for Flexible CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells with High Performance Beyond 15%
摘要： All-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) perovskites exhibit superior thermal stability compared to the organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been over 16%. However, the high-temperature annealing limits its feasibility on flexible devices. Here, low-temperature processed flexible CsPbI2Br PSCs are designed by introducing Al-doped ZnO (AZO) as an electron-transport layer and tert-butyl cyanoacetate (t-BCA) as a passivation layer. The thickness-insensitive AZO significantly enhances the quality of perovskite films and the reproducibility of the PSCs. As well the t-BCA can effectively passivate the trap states and suppress charge recombination of CsPbI2Br films. The as-optimized flexible CsPbI2Br PSCs exhibits a high PCE of 15.08% (with the active area of 0.1 cm2), which is one of the highest efficiency for flexible all-inorganic PSCs. The devices show outstanding stability, retaining 93% of the original PCE after being stored 60 days, 91% and 86% of the initial efficiency after continuously heating 360 hours at 85 oC and stored under 65% RH for 30 hours, respectively. In addition, the PSCs exhibits excellent mechanical stability, remains 85% of original value after 1000 bending cycles at a curvature radius of 3 mm.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,tert-butyl cyanoacetate,passivation layer,All-inorganic cesium lead halide,flexible devices,low-temperature processed,Al-doped ZnO
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Enhanced Lifetime and Photostability with Low-temperature Mesoporous ZnTiO3/Compact SnO2 Electrodes in Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Perovskite solar cells (PSC) which have exceeded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 25% are mainly demonstrated by using SnO2 or TiO2 as electron-transporting layers (ETLs). However, high-performance planar PSCs need precise process, which is difficult for large-scale production. Mesoporous structure shows better operability but with high-temperature process. Besides, as the most used mesoporous materials, the strong photocatalytic effect of TiO2 significantly limits the practical stability of PSCs under illumination (including ultraviolet light). Here we propose Zinc Titanate (ZnTiO3, ZTO) as mesoporous ETLs due to its weak photo-effect, excellent carrier extraction and transfer properties. Uniform mesoporous films were obtained by spinning coating the ZTO ink and annealed below 150°C. Photovoltaic devices based on Cs0.05FA0.81MA0.14PbI2.55Br0.45 perovskite sandwiched between SnO2-mesorporous ZTO electrode and Spiro-OMeTAD layer achieved the PCE of 20.5%. The PSCs retained more than 95% of their original efficiency after 100 days lifetime test without being encapsulated. Additionally, the PSCs retained over 95% of the initial performance when subjected at the maximum power point voltage for 120 h under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2), demonstrating superior working stability. The application of ZTO provides a better choice for ETLs of PSCs. Moreover, the low temperature deposition method of inorganic ETL furnishes a way of low power consumption, large-scale and flexible preparation of PSCs.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,photostability,ZTO,low-temperature,mesoporous ETL
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Chicago, IL, USA (2019.6.16-2019.6.21)] 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) - Unravelling Optical and Electrical Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells and Impact on Perovskite/Silicon Monolithic Tandem Modules
摘要： The simultaneous measurement of heat and light signals from a scintillating crystal was performed at temperatures of tens of milli-kelvin using a scintillating bolometric detector. The crystal was instrumented with a pair of low-temperature detectors, consisting of a metallic magnetic calorimeter for reading the phonon signals and a light detector based on a Ge light absorber, to simultaneously measure the scintillation light and phonon signals. This article presents the principle and performance, such as the event separation capability, of this simultaneous heat/light measurement system.
关键词： low-temperature detector,Calcium molybdate,scintillation crystal,neutrinoless double beta decay,metallic magnetic calorimeters
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Low Temperature Processed Highly Efficient Hole-Transport-Layer Free Carbon-based Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with SnO2 Quantum Dot Electron-Transport-Layer
摘要： The use of expensive hole transport layer (HTL) and back contact along with the stability issue of perovskite solar cells have been a detrimental factor when it comes to commercialization of the technology. In addition, high-temperature and long annealing time processed electron transport layers (ETLs, e.g., TiO2) prevents the flexible solar cell application in most polymer substrate. Herein, we opted for HTL-free carbon electrodes owing to their low-cost production and superior stability in air, compared to their noble metal counterparts. In this work, we fabricate planar perovskite solar cells using low-temperature solution processed SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) as ETL, which offers significant advantages over high temperature processed ETLs due to its excellent electron extraction and hole blocking ability. In addition, by integrating a low cost and stable carbon electrode, an impressive energy conversion efficiency of 13.64% with a device architecture glass/In doped SnO2/QD-SnO2/Perovskite/Carbon under 1 sun illumination at ambient conditions have been achieved. This work paves the way to achieve fully low-temperature processed printable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) at an affordable cost by integrating the QD SnO2 ETL and Carbon electrode.
关键词： low-temperature process,planar perovskite solar cells,hole transport layer free,carbon electrode,SnO2 Quantum Dot
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59