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Long-distance tracing of the lymphatic system with a CT/fluorescence dual-modality nanoprobe for surveying tumor lymphatic metastasis
摘要： Noninvasive visualization of deep tissue lymphatic metastasis is crucial for diagnosing malignant tumors and predicting prognosis. However, the limited diffusivity and specificity of imaging contrast agents that are transported in lymph vessels (LVs), even for those agents delivered by nanocarriers, make long-distance tracing of the lymphatic system in vivo challenging. Here, we develop a CT/fluorescence dual-modality phospholipid nanoprobe (PL(I/D)NP) with a negative charge and sub-60 nm size. By using micro-CT, we noninvasively traced the LVs from the subcutaneous injection site in feet to the thoracic ducts with an entire length of ~68 mm and measured the volume of the lymph nodes (LNs) and their separation distance along the LVs. For diagnostic imaging of tumor lymphatic metastasis, all LNs with metastasis were identified in vivo. Thus, with their long-distance diffusivity, high lymphatic capillary specificity and quantifiability, the PL(I/D)NPs combined with noninvasive imaging accurately depicted the changes in the lymphatic system under pathologic conditions, especially cancer metastasis, which indicates their high potential for clinical applicability.
关键词： lymphatic system,nanoparticle,fluorescent imaging,micro-CT,lymphatic metastasis
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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A Nanoprobe for Diagnosing and Mapping Lymphatic Metastasis of Tumor Using 3D Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography Owing to Aggregation/Deaggregation Induced Spectral Change
摘要： Lymphatic metastasis of tumor is one of leading causes of cancer-related death, and diagnosing lymphatic metastasis is of significance in terms of optimal disease management and possible better outcomes for patients. Herein a turn-on optoacoustic nanoprobe is reported for noninvasively diagnosing and locating lymphatic metastasis in vivo. A positively charged tricyanofuran-containing polyene chromophore (TCHM) with high extinction coefficient is designed, synthesized, and allowed to form the nanoprobe with a negatively charged hyaluronan. The TCHMs take an aggregated state within the nanoprobe and exhibit weak absorption at 882 nm, the overexpressed hyaluronidase in cancer cells specifically degrades hyaluronan into small fragments and disaggregates TCHMs, thereby greatly enhancing the absorption at 882 nm and generating prominent optoacoustic signals. For multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging in vivo, mice models with subcutaneous tumor and orthotopic bladder tumor are imaged first to demonstrate the nanoprobe’s capability for detecting HAase-overexpressing tumors. A mouse model of lymphatic metastasis of tumor is then established and the lymphatic metastasis is successfully imaged and tracked optoacoustically. The imaging results were verified using multiple biochemical assays. Moreover, 3D MSOT renderings are obtained for precisely locating and tracking the metastasis of tumor in lymphatic system in a spatiotemporal manner.
关键词： lymphatic metastasis,imaging,multispectral,nanoprobe,3D,optoacoustic tomography,aggregation
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Recycling the GaN Waste from LED Industry by Pressurized Leaching Method
摘要： Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM) represents ~1% of all breast cancer cases. Risk factors for lymph node (LN) metastasis and appropriate adjuvant therapy for DCISM are still widely debated. Methods: We retrieved DCISM data from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry database (1998–2013). Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models were applied to investigate the potential risks of LN metastasis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed to estimate the prognostic factors of DCISM. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. A 1:1 propensity score matching was used to minimize potential bias. Results: Overall, 6,219 patients with DCISM met our inclusion criteria. Younger age and higher grade disease were identified as risk factors for LN metastasis. In the multivariable analysis, LN metastasis and chemotherapy were prognostic factors for worse overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival. Furthermore, propensity score matching and subgroup analysis showed that chemotherapy may not be effective for DCISM patients. Conclusion: Younger patients with high-grade disease tend to have LN involved in DCISM. Adjuvant chemotherapy might not be necessary for patients with DCISM.
关键词： ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion,SEER database,breast cancer,lymphatic metastasis,adjuvant chemotherapy
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04