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Mathematical optimisation of location and design of windows by considering energy performance, lighting and privacy of buildings
摘要： Purpose – The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is known for its extreme weather conditions during Summer. A major determinant of the sustainability of the design of a building is its fenestrations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the problem of designing and locating windows on building facades such that a number of relevant criteria to the MENA region are optimised, including solar heat gain, privacy, daylighting and cost of installation. Design/methodology/approach – A multi-objective optimisation problem is proposed with the focus on capturing the requirements of residential dwellings in the MENA region. Since the problem contains conflicting objectives that need to be optimised, a lexicographic approach is adopted. In order to display the Pareto curve, a bi-objective analysis based on the ε-constraint method is utilised. Findings – The conflicting nature of the proposed problem is indicated via the Pareto optimal solutions yielded. Depending on the preference of criteria adopted in lexicographic optimisation, the location of the windows on the building fa?ade tends to change. The bi-objective analysis indicates the importance of balancing out the daylight factor against each of privacy, solar heat gain and installation cost criteria. Furthermore, an analysis conducted in three major cities in the MENA region highlights the discrepancy in design alternatives generated depending on the local climatic condition. Originality/value – This work proposes a novel mathematical optimisation model which focuses on producing a sustainable design and layout for windows on the facades of residential dwellings located in the MENA region. The proposed model provides designers with guidance through an automated support tool that yields optimised window designs and layout to ensure the sustainability of their designed buildings.
关键词： Window location,Pareto curve,Mathematical optimization,Window design,Multi-objective,Mixed integer programming
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Particulate Coatings with Optimized Haze Properties
摘要： The haze factor, which describes the fraction of light that is scattered when passing through a transparent material, is of general importance for any optical device, from milk glass shielding visibility while providing ambient lighting to solar cells that are optimized by sophisticated light management layers. Often, such active layers are fabricated from particulate materials that are deposited as thin films on a substrate. Here, the effect of structural arrangement, position, and orientation of particles on the resulting haze factor is investigated. A mathematical optimization model that iteratively alters the particle layer structure to maximize or minimize the haze factor for a range of optimization scenarios is designed. Colloidal self-assembly techniques are then used to replicate typical particle structures found in the optimized designs and correlate the macroscopically measured haze values to the predictions of the optimization. The results indicate general design rules that control the haze value in particle layers. Non close-packed structures with distributed scatterers and high degrees of order provide minimal haze values while chain-like arrangements and small clusters maximize the haze of a particle layer. Finally, the findings are transferred to metal nanohole films as model transparent electrodes with controlled haze values.
关键词： haze factor,electromagnetic scattering,thin films,colloidal lithography,colloids,mathematical optimization
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36