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过滤筛选
- 2018
- electromagnetic pulse
- cell proliferation
- cell membrane permeability
- cell response to electromagnetic stress
- apoptosis
- cancer therapy
- necrosis
- Intelligent Medical Engineering
- V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
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Concentrated photovoltaic and thermal system application for fresh water production
摘要： This study was conducted to investigate the performance of Concentrated Photovoltaic/Thermal system (CPV/T) coupled with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for saline water desalination. A numerical heat and mass flux model was constructed to investigate the feasibility of freshwater production. The average electrical efficiency was found to be about 18%, while thermal efficiency increased to an average of 25% and the total efficiency reached an average of 71%. The CPV/T efficiency with the cooling loop reached 19.26% at the peak time of the process. Eventually, the DCMD produced 3 kg/m2/h of fresh water and consumed thermal energy of about 9200 kJ/kg water. Moreover, the water mass flux decreased from 3 L/m2/h to 1.8 L/m2/h in a nonlinear manner. When the gain output ratio (GOR) of the system reaches 2.6 efficiency value or greater, the water outlet temperature from the CPV/T can increase along with the water permeate flux produced by the coupled system. In contrast, if the temperature of the outlet water from the CPV/T system is low, the feed water temperature in the heat exchanger also decreases. As a result, a significant decrease is observed in the feed inlet temperature of the DCMD module.
关键词： Membrane distillation,Solar desalination,Concentrated flat plate solar photovoltaic–thermal,Solar energy,Water desalination
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A mechanically bendable and conformally attachable polymer membrane microlaser array enabled by digital interference lithography
摘要： The progressive miniaturization and thinning of photonic devices would enable the realization of multi-functional photonic integrated circuits and expand the application frontier to novel fields including wearable and disposable electronics. Herein, we have demonstrated a mechanically bendable and conformally attachable polymer membrane microcavity laser array using digital interference lithography. The developed lithography system could distribute a number of subwavelength grating pixels with both high efficiency (1k pixels per second) and excellent versatility (ease of control in the pixel size, spacing, and grating periodicity) as the microcavity laser array, in which a pair of subwavelength gratings constitutes a distributed Bragg resonator microcavity via coherent interference, furnishes a vertically emitting microcavity laser array for convenient light coupling and utilization. The microlaser array polymer membrane presented a total thickness of only 30 μm with excellent performance stability and reliability against long time operation and harsh environmental conditions, which could be further reversibly stretched, repeatedly bendable and conformally attached onto rounded or irregular surfaces or biological tissues with no degradation in single-mode or low-threshold characteristics, paving a way for on-chip optical functionalization toward wearable electronics and outdoor environmental monitoring applications.
关键词： polymer membrane,digital interference lithography,microlaser array,mechanically bendable,conformally attachable
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Quantum Dot-Based Hybrid Coacervate Nanodroplets for Ultrasensitive Detection of Hg2+
摘要： Multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid materials with inherent optical, electrical and/or magnetic properties find tremendous importance in various fields such as sensing, photovoltaics, therapeutics, bio-imaging, and light-emitting devices. Herein, we have fabricated membrane-free organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent coacervate nanodroplets and utilized them towards ultrasensitive detection and efficient removal of mercuric ions (Hg2+) simultaneously. The self-assembly of negatively charged mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA)-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) in the presence of positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) leads to the formation of luminescent nanodroplets with average size of 430 ± 20 nm. Selective luminescence quenching of these nanodroplets has been observed only in the presence of Hg2+. It has also been observed that the presence of other metal ions does not interfere in the sensing process. Our findings reveal that Hg2+ ions specifically associate with the porous structure of these nanodroplets via electrostatic interactions with the free carboxylate groups of MSA ligands at the surface of CdTe QDs and undergo photoinduced electron transfer (PET) with photoexcited QDs. The limit of detection (LOD) for Hg2+ sensing with our present system is estimated to be 1.32 nM (0.26 ppb), which is significantly lower than most of the earlier reported self-assembled materials. Moreover, these hybrid nanodroplets efficiently sequester trace quantity of Hg2+ from contaminated water. The overall performance of our present system towards Hg2+ remediation is superior over most of the earlier reported hybrid nanocomposites in terms of fast uptake kinetics (within 15 min), ultrasensitive detection (LOD: 0.26 ppb), and high sequestration efficiency (98.3%). Our present findings in particular, the tailorability of surface ligands and inorganic nanoparticles in hybrid nanodroplets provide great advantage for the development of multifunctional nanomaterials for diverse range of applications.
关键词： membrane-free nanodroplets,detection of mercuric ions,sensing,LOD,hybrid nanodroplets
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Photothermal response of plasmonic nanofillers for membrane distillation
摘要： Light-to-heat conversion in plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) inside polymeric membranes is beneficial for improving the efficiency of membrane distillation for seawater desalination. However, the physical mechanisms ruling photothermal membrane distillation are unclear yet. Here, we model the plasmonic photothermal light-to-heat conversion from Ag, Au, and Cu nanofillers in polymeric membranes for membrane distillation. Photothermal effects in the cases of isolated metallic NPs and their assembly are investigated considering size effects and excitation sources. The increasing content of metallic NPs improves the efficiency of the light-to-heat conversion. For a polymeric membrane, filled with 25% Ag NPs, our model well reproduces the experimental temperature increase of 10 K. Specifically, we find that Ag NPs with a radius of around 30–40 nm are favorite candidates for membrane heating with excitation energy in the visible/near-UV range. The incorporation of a term associated with heat losses into the heat transfer equation well reproduces the cooling effect associated with vaporization at the membrane surface. Compared to Ag NPs, Au and Cu NPs show a broadened absorption cross section and their resonance has a nonlinear behavior with varying the excitation energy, better matching with sunlight radiation spectrum.
关键词： photothermal conversion,membrane distillation,seawater desalination,plasmonic nanoparticles,light-to-heat conversion
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Myosin II Filament Dynamics in Actin Networks Revealed with Interferometric Scattering Microscopy
摘要： The plasma membrane and the underlying cytoskeletal cortex constitute active platforms for a variety of cellular processes. Recent work has shown that the remodeling acto-myosin network modifies local membrane organization, but the molecular details are only partly understood because of difficulties with experimentally accessing the relevant time and length scales. Here, we use interferometric scattering microscopy to investigate a minimal acto-myosin network linked to a supported lipid bilayer membrane. Using the magnitude of the interferometric contrast, which is proportional to molecular mass, and fast acquisition rates, we detect and image individual membrane-attached actin filaments diffusing within the acto-myosin network and follow individual myosin II filament dynamics. We quantify myosin II filament dwell times and processivity as functions of ATP concentration, providing experimental evidence for the predicted ensemble behavior of myosin head domains. Our results show how decreasing ATP concentrations lead to both increasing dwell times of individual myosin II filaments and a global change from a remodeling to a contractile state of the acto-myosin network.
关键词： actin networks,ATP concentration,interferometric scattering microscopy,membrane organization,myosin II filament dynamics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-Food and Environmental Applications || Graphene quantum dot-based nanostructures for water treatment
摘要： Water pollution by organic, inorganic, and microbial species presents a threat to the water supply as well as food safety and security. Graphene quantum dot-derived nanostructures have emerged as potential solutions toward water pollution mitigation. Such materials have been successfully prepared and evaluated for the catalytic removal of organic pollutants such as dyes and emerging pollutants, the adsorption of pollutants, filtration, and disinfection. Incorporation of GQDs in various nanocomposites resulted in the modification of the composite properties and improved the removal efficiencies of different pollutants. Careful control and optimization of the amounts of GQDs incorporated are necessary to ensure a positive influence in the pollutant-removal efficiencies of the different nanocomposites. Despite the promising developments around GQD-based nanostructures, more work still remains in order to ensure the design and utilization of such materials in large-scale applications. Nonetheless, GQD-derived nanostructures have potential as pollution remediation tools, owing to the nontoxicity, biodegradable, and abundant functional groups. However, there is a need to develop optimized synthesis conditions that will yield GQDs that are uniform in terms of size and surface functionalities and also develop synthesis routes that will ensure proper distribution of the GQDs within the nanocomposite matrix. This could contribute to consistency in terms of the reported performances of various GQD-derived nanostructures in water pollution abatement.
关键词： membrane filtration,photocatalysis,Graphene quantum dots,water treatment,adsorption
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Modular medical imaging agents based on azidea??alkyne Huisgen cycloadditions: Synthesis and prea??clinical evaluation of 18Fa??labeled PSMAa??tracers for prostate cancer imaging.
摘要： The seminal contribution of Rolf Huisgen to develop the [3+2]-cycloaddition of 1,3-dipolar compounds, its azide-alkyne variant has established itself as the key step in numerous organic syntheses and bioorthogonal processes in materials science and chemical biology. In the present study, the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was applied for the development of a modular molecular platform for medical imaging of the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), using positron emission tomography. This process is shown from molecular design, through synthesis automation and in vitro studies, all the way to preclinical in vivo evaluation of fluorine-18– labeled PSMA-targeting ‘F-PSMA-MIC’ radiotracers (t? = 109.7 min). Preclinical data indicate that the modular PSMA-scaffold has similar binding affinity and imaging properties to the clinically used [68Ga]PSMA-11. Furthermore, we demonstrated that targeting the arene-binding in PSMA, facilitated through the [3+2]-cycloaddition, can improve binding affinity, which was rationalized by molecular modeling. The here presented PSMA-binding scaffold potentially facilitates easy coupling to other medical imaging moieties, enabling future developments of new modular imaging agents.
关键词： prostate specific membrane antigen,positron emission tomography,fluorine-18,azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition,modular imaging agents
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Femtosecond laser-induced surface structuring of the porous transport layers in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis
摘要： In proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) cells the performance and thus the conversion efficiency are influenced by the interface between the porous transport layer (PTL) and the catalyst layer (CL). In the following paper, this interface is modified by the use of femtosecond laser-induced surface structuring, so that the specific surface area of the titanium based fibers of the PTL is increased. The resulting morphology exhibits two roughness levels of (i) a relatively coarse structure featuring tips of a few micrometers in diameter and depth, which are each covered in turn by (ii) a substructure of smaller tips of a few to several hundred nanometers in diameter and depth. PEMWE electrochemical characterization and short-term stress tests reveal that the cell performance is increased due to the laser-structuring of the PTL surface towards the CL. For instance, the cell voltage is reduced by approximately 30 mV after 100 h at 4 A cm?2. These beneficial effects are observed over the entire current density range and thus correspond to a decreased equivalent cell resistance of at least 6 mΩ cm2 for electrical interfacial contact losses and at least 2 mΩ cm2 for mass transport losses. A physical characterization by scanning electron microscopy shows that the CL surface is much rougher and more jagged when using laser-structured fibers. Thus, the gaseous oxygen and the liquid water transport both from and to the active sites of the catalyst seem to be improved.
关键词： catalyst layer,cell performance,proton exchange membrane water electrolysis,porous transport layers,femtosecond laser-induced surface structuring
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Determination of parvovirus retention profiles in virus filter membranes using laser scanning microscopy
摘要： Virus filtration is a highly effective method in the downstream processing of biotherapeutic products to provide effective removal of potential infectious agents based on a size exclusion mechanism. The direct visualization of viruses retained inside the filter membrane represents a valuable tool to get a deeper understanding of the filtration process and to explain observations of virus breakthrough under particular operating conditions. Parvoviruses, which are used as worst-case models in validation studies, were purified and labeled with fluorescent dyes to detect their retention pattern inside the filter membrane using laser scanning microscopy. Critical factors influencing the reproducibility and accuracy of the approach were identified and optimized. The retention profiles revealed detectable differences between viruses, suggesting that the use of bacteriophages or nanoparticles as surrogates is limited in their applicability to accurately predict the behavior of parvoviruses in filter membranes. The established method enables a direct and quantitative analysis of the virus retention profile, adding a valuable tool to the conventional measurement of the viral load reduction to better understand the mechanism underlying the removal of viruses during nanofiltration of biotherapeutic products.
关键词： Parvovirus retention profile,Virus filtration,Nanofiltration,Laser scanning microscopy,Filter membrane
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Metal-labeled Aptamers as Novel nanoprobes for Imaging Mass Cytometry Analysis
摘要： Imaging mass cytometry (IMC) is an emerging imaging technology that exploits the multiplexed analysis capabilities of the CyTOF mass cytometer to make spatially resolved measurements for tissue sections. In a comprehensive view of tissue composition and marker distribution, recent developments of IMC require highly sensitive, multiplexed assays. Approaching the sensitivity of the IMC technique, we designed a novel type of biocompatible metal-labeled aptamer nanoprobe (MAP), named 167Er-A10-3.2. The small molecular probe was synthesized by conjugating 167Er-polymeric pentetic acid (167Er-DTPA) with an RNA aptamer A10-3.2. For demonstration, 167Er-A10-3.2 was applied for observing protein spatial distribution on prostatic epithelium cell of paraffin embedded Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PaC) tissue sections by IMC technology. The 167Er-A10-3.2 capitalizes on the ability of aptamer to specifically bind target cancer cells, as well as the small size of 167Er-A10-3.2 can accommodate multiple aptamer binding antigen labeled at high density. The detection signal of 167Er-A10-3.2 probe was 3-fold higher than that of PSMA antibody probe for a targeted cell under lower temperature epitope retrieval (37°C) of PaC tissue. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrated the simultaneously staining ability of aptamer probes in IMC analysis. The successful imaging acquisition using aptamers probes in IMC technology may offer opportunity for the diagnosis of malignancies in the future.
关键词： imaging mass cytometry,prostate specific membrane antigen,molecular probe,metal labeled aptamer
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57