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Association between sunlight exposure and risk of age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis
摘要： Background: A substantial number of epidemiological studies have investigated the possible associations between sunlight exposure and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), but the results from studies are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between sunlight exposure and the risk of AMD. Methods: Relevant studies were searched using databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science database. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled covariates-adjusted odds ratio (OR). Subgroup analyses based on study design, stage of AMD, method of exposure assessment, and study latitude were carried out. The heterogeneity across the studies was tested, as was publication bias. Results: Fourteen eligible studies including 43,934 individuals based on the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The pooled OR for sunlight exposure and AMD was 1.10 (95% CI = 0.98–1.23). In addition, similar insignificant results were observed in further subgroup analyses based on stage of AMD, method of exposure assessment, and study latitude. Sun-avoidance behavior did not decrease the risk of AMD (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.76–1.67). Moderate heterogeneity was observed in most of analyses. Conclusion: The results indicate that sunlight exposure may not be associated with increased risk of AMD based on current published data.
关键词： Meta-analysis,Risk factor,Sunlight,Macular degeneration
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Effects of photobiomodulation therapy for androgenic alopecia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
摘要： The authors conducted this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (AA). RCTs published in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically reviewed to identify the effects of PBMT in AA patients. The outcome measures included hair density and hair growth. Results were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and a risk ratio (RR) of 95%CI. A fixed-effects model or a randomized-effects model was performed according to the heterogeneity among the included studies. Nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The mean change from baseline in hair density was 36.78 ± 23.84/cm2 in the PBMT group as compared with 8.88 ± 19.56/cm2 in the control group. Patients who received PBMT had a greater increase in hair density than those treated with a sham device (WMD = 18.56/cm2, 95%CI: 13.22, 23.89; P < 0.001). Moreover, PBMT was associated with a 42.43% increase in hair growth as compared with the sham device treatment (WMD = 42.43, 95%CI: 28.58, 56.28; P < 0.001). A greater rate of patients who were treated with PBMT achieved an improvement in hair regrowth than those with the sham device (RR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.09, 1.58; P = 0.003). This study indicated that PBMT seemed to be a promising noninvasive treatment for patients with AA since it could improve hair density and stimulate hair growth. However, considering the potential limitations in this study, more large-scale RCTs are needed to verify our findings.
关键词： photobiomodulation therapy,meta-analysis,hair density,androgenic alopecia
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of femtosecond lasera??enabled keratoplasty versus conventional penetrating keratoplasty
摘要： Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare femtosecond laser–enabled keratoplasty with conventional penetrating keratoplasty regarding postoperative astigmatism, visual functions, graft rejection, graft failure, and complications. Methods: Eligible studies were retrieved from five mainstream electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrial.gov. Postoperative topographic astigmatism was set as the primary outcome, and best-corrected visual acuity, spherical equivalent, endothelial cell density, graft rejection, graft failure, and complications were chosen as the secondary outcomes. Standard mean difference and risk ratio were the size effects for continuous data and binomial data, respectively. The data were pooled through either the random-effects model or the fixed-effects model based on data heterogeneity. Moreover, subgroup analyses were conducted when the heterogeneity occurred distinctly (I2 > 50%). Results: A total of seven comparative studies were included. The pooled standard mean difference (?0.32, 95% confidence interval: ?0.74 to 0.10) showed that femtosecond laser–enabled keratoplasty was not superior over conventional penetrating keratoplasty to decrease postoperative topographic astigmatism (p = 0.14). However, best-corrected visual acuity after femtosecond laser–enabled keratoplasty was significantly better than that after conventional penetrating keratoplasty (p = 0.00, standard mean difference: ?0.23, 95% confidence interval: ?0.37 to ?0.10). Furthermore, endothelial cell density after femtosecond laser–enabled keratoplasty was preserved significantly better (p = 0.03, standard mean difference: 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.07–1.20). Moreover, spherical equivalent, graft rejection, graft failure, and complications represented no distinct differences between femtosecond laser–enabled keratoplasty and conventional penetrating keratoplasty (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Femtosecond laser–enabled keratoplasty may not be superior over conventional penetrating keratoplasty in decreasing postoperative topographic astigmatism, but might have advantages to achieve best-corrected visual acuity and endothelial cell density preservation. In addition, the two techniques seem to be comparable regarding spherical equivalent, graft rejection/failure, and complications.
关键词： Astigmatism,meta-analysis,femtosecond laser–enabled keratoplasty,conventional penetrating keratoplasty,cornea
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
摘要： Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are considered one of the most aggressive and expensive complications of diabetes. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been highlighted as a potential modality of treatment to accelerate the healing of ulcers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of LLLT in the treatment of DFU and identify the LLLT application parameters recommended for the treatment of DFU over the past 10 years. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, BVS, PEDro, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL up to March 31, 2019. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of LLLT on the treatment of DFU were included. Thirteen RCTs with a total of 361 participants were included in this review. Three RCTs reported a reduction in the percentage size of the ulcers and were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the percentage size difference demonstrated a significant reduction in ulcer size in the LLLT group compared with controls (22.96 [95% confidence interval = 18.22-27.69; z = 9.51, P < .0001]). Treatment with 632.8 to 685 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 3 to 6 J/cm2, and irradiation for 30 to 80 seconds, 3 times weekly for a month is of benefit to patients with DFU. LLLT is effective and safe for the treatment of DFU. Additionally, well-designed, high-quality studies are needed to allow its ideal parameterization for clinical practice.
关键词： diabetic foot ulcer,meta-analysis,low-level laser therapy,systematic review
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus medication for open-angle glaucoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
摘要： background The only widely accepted, effective treatment for open- angle glaucoma (OAG) is to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP), with medical therapy being the typical first- line therapy. Notably, an alternative therapy is selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), which is safe and effective in lowering the IOP. Nonetheless, whether SLT could replace medication as the first- line therapy for OAG is still under debate. Methods Studies involving randomised controlled trials conducted before August 2019 that compared the efficacy of SLT- related and medication- only treatments for OAG were selected from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology was employed to rate the quality of the body of evidence. results 1229 patients in eight trials were included. The overall results revealed no significant differences between SLT- related and medication- only treatments regarding the IOP reduction (mean difference (MD): 0.18, 95% CI ?0.72 to 1.07, p=0.70, I2=73%) and the success rate of IOP control (risk ratio: 1.02, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.04, p=0.74, I2=0%). The SLT- related therapy group required significantly fewer medications compared with the medication- only group (MD: ?1.06, 95% CI ?1.16 to ?0.96, p<0.0000, I2=5%). A quantitative analysis was not performed concerning adverse events and quality of life because of the limited data available. Conclusion SLT is safe and has a lower incidence of ocular side effects. SLT can be the choice of first- line therapy for OAG. However, clinicians should consider the cost- effectiveness, as well as the patient’s characteristics, before deciding on the therapeutic option.
关键词： selective laser trabeculoplasty,intraocular pressure,meta-analysis,medication,open-angle glaucoma
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in differentiating brain tumor from normal brain tissue
摘要： Raman spectroscopy could be applied to distinguish tumor from normal tissues. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in differentiating brain tumor from normal brain tissue. PubMed and Embase were searched to identify suitable studies prior to Jan 1st, 2016. We estimated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) curves to identity the accuracy of Raman spectroscopy in differentiating brain tumor from normal brain tissue. A total of six studies with 1951 spectra were included. For glioma, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of Raman spectroscopy were 0.96 (95% CI 0.94-0.97) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-0.99), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.9831. For meningioma, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.98 (95% CI 0.94-1.00) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.98-1.00), respectively. The AUC was 0.9955. This meta-analysis suggested that Raman spectroscopy could be an effective and accurate tool for differentiating glioma and meningioma from normal brain tissue, which would help us both avoid removal of normal tissue and minimize the volume of residual tumor.
关键词： brain tumors,diagnosis,meta-analysis,Raman spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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A Library of Potential Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for X-Ray Fluorescence Tomography Bioimaging
摘要： Introduction: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most serious complication after arthroplasty, and the diagnosis of PJI is still challenging with modern medical technology. To improve the diagnostic rate, combined diagnostic methods are gradually beginning to be used to diagnose PJI. Sonication is one accurate way to diagnose PJI, but there is minimal research regarding the diagnostic value of sonicate fluid (SF) in blood culture bottles (BCB). Therefore, we evaluated this combined diagnostic method by meta-analysis. Methods: We searched English publications in electronic databases regarding the use of sonicate fluid in blood culture bottles (SF-BCB) for diagnosing PJI, screened the literature according to inclusion criteria, assessed the quality of the selected literature, and collected information regarding SF-BCB. Results: This meta-analysis includes 4 studies that evaluated SF-BCB for the diagnosis of PJI. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) are 0.85 (95% Confidence interval [CI], 0.77 to 0.91), 0.86 (CI, 0.81 to 0.91), 5.34 (CI, 3.13 to 9.11), 0.16 (CI, 0.06 to 0.48) and 39.01 (CI, 9.04 to 168.35), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) is 0.9186 (standard error, 0.0205). Conclusion: SF-BCB has great value for the microbiological diagnosis of PJI, especially for patients with prior antibiotic treatment.
关键词： Meta-analysis,Diagnose,Sonicate,Blood culture bottles,Arthroplasty,Periprosthetic joint infection
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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The effect of holmium laser resection versus standard transurethral resection on non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
摘要： To explore the advantages and limitations of holmium laser resection of the bladder tumor (HOLRBT) versus standard transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the eligible studies were selected from the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Studies comparing HOLRBT and TURBT for patients with NMIBC were included. The outcomes of interest were time of operation, catheterization and hospitalization, rates of recurrence, and perioperative complications, including obturator nerve reflex, bladder perforation, bladder irritation, and urethral stricture. Results of all data were compared and analyzed by Review Manager 5.3. A total of 9 comparative studies were finally included for this analysis. Pooled data demonstrated that HOLRBT significantly reduced the time to catheterization and hospitalization, the rate of recurrence in 2 years of follow-up, obturator nerve reflex, bladder perforation, and bladder irritation, compared with those in TURBT, respectively. However, no significant difference found between HOLRBT and TURBT in the time of operation, rate of recurrence in 1-year follow-up, and urethral stricture. The results of this research reached that HOLRBT would be a better choice than TURBT for patients with NMIBC.
关键词： Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer,Meta-analysis,Transurethral resection,Holmium laser
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Efficacy of low-level laser therapy on pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials
摘要： Objectives Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is not recommended in major knee osteoarthritis (KOA) treatment guidelines. We investigated whether a LLLT dose–response relationship exists in KOA. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Eligible articles were identified through PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 18 February 2019, reference lists, a book, citations and experts in the field. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We solely included randomised placebo-controlled trials involving participants with KOA according to the American College of Rheumatology and/or Kellgren/Lawrence criteria, in which LLLT was applied to participants’ knee(s). There were no language restrictions. Data extraction and synthesis The included trials were synthesised with random effects meta-analyses and subgrouped by dose using the World Association for Laser Therapy treatment recommendations. Cochrane’s risk-of- bias tool was used. results 22 trials (n=1063) were meta-analysed. Risk of bias was insignificant. Overall, pain was significantly reduced by LLLT compared with placebo at the end of therapy (14.23 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; 95% CI 7.31 to 21.14)) and during follow-ups 1–12 weeks later (15.92 mm VAS (95% CI 6.47 to 25.37)). The subgroup analysis revealed that pain was significantly reduced by the recommended LLLT doses compared with placebo at the end of therapy (18.71 mm (95% CI 9.42 to 27.99)) and during follow-ups 2–12 weeks after the end of therapy (23.23 mm VAS (95% CI 10.60 to 35.86)). The pain reduction from the recommended LLLT doses peaked during follow-ups 2–4 weeks after the end of therapy (31.87 mm VAS significantly beyond placebo (95% CI 18.18 to 45.56)). Disability was also statistically significantly reduced by LLLT. No adverse events were reported. Conclusion LLLT reduces pain and disability in KOA at 4–8 J with 785–860 nm wavelength and at 1–3 J with 904 nm wavelength per treatment spot. PrOSPErO registration number CRD42016035587.
关键词： disability,low-level laser therapy,knee osteoarthritis,meta-analysis,pain
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Environmental Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Technologies: Assessment of the Status Quo and Future Prospects Based on a Meta-Analysis of Life-Cycle Assessment Studies
摘要： Emerging photovoltaic technologies are expected to have lower environmental impacts during their life cycle due to their extremely thin-film technology and resulting material savings. The environmental impacts of four emerging photovoltaics were investigated based on a meta-analysis of life-cycle assessment (LCA) studies, comprising a systematic review and harmonization approach of five key indicators to describe the environmental status quo and future prospects. The status quo was analyzed based on a material-related functional unit of 1 watt-peak of the photovoltaic cell. For future prospects, the functional unit of 1 kWh of generated electricity was used, including assumptions on the use phase, notably on the lifetime. The results of the status quo show that organic photovoltaic technology is the most mature emerging photovoltaic technology with a competitive environmental performance, while perovskites have a low performance, attributed to the early stage of development and inefficient manufacturing on the laboratory scale. The results of future prospects identified improvements of efficiency, lifetime, and manufacturing with regard to environmental performance based on sensitivity and scenario analyses. The developed harmonization approach supports the use of LCA in the early stages of technology development in a structured way to reduce uncertainty and extract significant information during development.
关键词： perovskite solar cell,life-cycle assessment,harmonization,Meta-analysis,organic photovoltaic,emerging technology
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52