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A Light-Driven Micromotor with Complex Motion Behaviors for Controlled Release
摘要： Micromotor that exhibits various movement behaviors has attracted more attention in recent years. However, most researchers focus on its motion behavior and few have studied the fluid flow surrounding it. In this work, a novel micromotor with both controlled motion behavior and surrounding fluid flow, which is driven by near-infrared (NIR) light based on the unique Marangoni effect caused by the light irradiation of its constituent, i.e., polypyrrole (PPy), is reported. Interestingly, these motion behaviors and the surrounding fluid flow can be easily switched by adjusting the incident angle of the NIR laser. This unique property may have potentials in different fields. Among others, its application in remotely controlled targeted delivery and release is demonstrated.
关键词： micromotors,cargo release,light-driven,polypyrrole
更新于2025-11-21 11:03:13
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ZnO/ZnO <sub/>2</sub> /Pt Janus Micromotors Propulsion Mode Changes with Size and Interface Structure: Enhanced Nitroaromatic Explosives Degradation under Visible Light
摘要： Self-motile mesoporous ZnO/Pt-based Janus micromotors accelerated by bubble propulsion that provide efficient removal of explosives and dye pollutants via photodegradation under visible light are presented. Decomposition of H2O2 (the fuel) is triggered by a platinum catalytic layer asymmetrically deposited on the nanosheets of the hierarchical and mesoporous ZnO microparticles. The size-dependent motion behavior of the mesoporous micromotors is studied; the micromotors with average size ～1.5 μm exhibit enhanced self-diffusiophoretic motion, whereas the fast bubble propulsion is detected for micromotors larger than 5 μm. The bubble-propelled mesoporous ZnO/Pt Janus micromotors show remarkable speeds of over 350 μm s?1 at H2O2 concentrations lower than 5 wt %, which is unusual for Janus micromotors based on dense materials such as ZnO. This high speed is related to efficient bubble nucleation, pinning, and growth due to the highly active and rough surface area of these micromotors, whereas the ZnO/Pt particles with a smooth surface and low surface area are motionless. We discovered new atomic interfaces of ZnO2 introduced into the ZnO/Pt micromotor system, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which contribute to enhance their photocatalytic activity under visible light. Such coupling of the rapid movement with the high catalytic performance of ZnO/Pt Janus micromotors provides efficient removal of nitroaromatic explosives and dye pollutants from contaminated water under visible light without the need for UV irradiation. This paves the way for real-world environmental remediation efforts using microrobots.
关键词： mesoporous,bubble propulsion,diffusiophoresis,water purification,micromotors
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Hierarchical Microswarms with Leader-Follower-Like Structures: Electrohydrodynamic Self-Organization and Multimode Collective Photoresponses
摘要： Swarming micro/nanomotors can self-organize into cohesive groups to execute cooperative tasks. To date, research work has focused on the construction of egalitarian microswarms composed of similar individuals. The construction and collective behaviors of hierarchical leader–follower-like microswarms are demonstrated. By inducing converging electrohydrodynamic flows under an AC electric field, dielectric microparticles with different sizes and dielectric properties can hierarchically self-organize into leader–follower-like microswarms under attractive electrohydrodynamic interactions, and show novel emergent collective behaviors. First, different from immobile single constituents or egalitarian clusters, the hierarchical microswarms autonomously move with tunable speed. Second, they exhibit multimode collective photoresponses emerging from different behaviors of the constituents in response to light signals. With a vertical UV signal, the photoresponsive followers tend to surround the leader and stop the microswarm. In response to sidewise UV signals, the constituents with stronger phototaxis would migrate to the position away from light stimuli, and thus the microswarms reorient parallel/antiparallel to the light direction and perform collective positive/negative phototaxis. Due to differential roles and huge design spaces of constituents, the hierarchical microswarms are envisioned to possess merits of high-efficiency, multiresponsiveness, and multifunctions, and may serve as intelligent micro/nanorobot systems for biomedicine and microengineering.
关键词： micromotors,nanomotors,hierarchical swarms,electrohydrodynamic flow
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Light‐Driven ZnO Brush‐Shaped Self‐Propelled Micromachines for Nitroaromatic Explosives Decomposition
摘要： Self-propelled micromachines have recently attracted lots of attention for environmental remediation. Developing a large-scale but template-free fabrication of self-propelled rod/tubular micro/nanomotors is very crucial but still challenging. Here, a new strategy based on vertically aligned ZnO arrays is employed for the large-scale and template-free fabrication of self-propelled ZnO-based micromotors with H2O2-free light-driven propulsion ability. Brush-shaped ZnO-based micromotors with different diameters and lengths are fully studied, which present a fast response to multicycles UV light on/off switches with different interval times (2/5 s) in pure water and slow directional motion in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution in the absence of UV light. Light-induced electrophoretic and self-diffusiophoretic effects are responsible for these two different self-motion behaviors under different conditions, respectively. In addition, the pH of the media and the presence of H2O2 show important effects on the motion behavior and microstructure of the ZnO-based micromotors. Finally, these novel ZnO-based brush-shaped micromotors are demonstrated in a proof-of-concept study on nitroaromatic explosive degradation, i.e., picric acid. This work opens a completely new avenue for the template-free fabrication of brush-shaped light-responsive micromotors on a large scale based on vertically aligned ZnO arrays.
关键词： vertically aligned arrays,light-driven,micromotors,ZnO,explosive degradation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Light-controlled two-dimensional TiO <sub/>2</sub> plate micromotors
摘要： In this work, UV light-controlled two-dimensional (2D) TiO2 plate micromotors are demonstrated for the first time. The 2D TiO2 micromotors are produced by the well-known anodic oxidation method in combination with a cracking and separation process. When the motor is placed in H2O2 aqueous solution under UV irradiation, oxygen bubbles are generated in the holes of the TiO2 membrane. The 2D micromotor thus moves upon O2 bubbles under its own weight. In contrast to bubble-propelled micromotors, which require an addition of surfactants to chemical fuels, the 2D micromotor is capable of moving in aqueous H2O2 solution without surfactants. Moreover, speed of the 2D TiO2 micromotor can be controlled by the intensity of the UV light. Such surfactant-free micromotors and their facile fabrication hold considerable promise for diverse practical applications in the biomedical and energy fields, for example, and in new materials.
关键词： two-dimensional TiO2 plate micromotors,UV light-controlled,anodic oxidation method,energy fields,surfactant-free,biomedical applications
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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A phototactic liquid micromotor
摘要： In recent years, micromotors, which possess unique autonomous moving properties inside a solution, have shown great potential in a variety of applications ranging from environmental remediation to the biomedical field. However, most of the micromotors are based on solid materials. In this paper, we report a liquid (water, serum or urine) micromotor, which exhibits self-propelling behavior in an oil solution upon white light irradiation. Interestingly, the liquid micromotor exhibits both positive and negative phototaxis, which relies on the photochromism of the surrounding spiropyran molecules dissolved in oil or the thermal effect, respectively. In addition, light shows great versatility in controlling the motion behavior of the liquid micromotor so that it can move in a desired fashion. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the liquid-based micromotor has great advantages over the solid ones. It not only enables fusion and reaction between different reactant-loaded liquid micromotors based on the combined positive and negative phototaxis, but also allows controlled cargo capture and transportation. We thus believe the liquid micromotor reported in the current study may have potential applications in various fields such as glucose detection.
关键词： micromotors,glucose detection,liquid micromotor,white light irradiation,phototaxis,spiropyran
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46