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Fast confocal fluorescence imaging in freely behaving mice
摘要： Fluorescence imaging in the brain of freely behaving mice is challenging due to severe miniaturization constraints. In particular, the ability to image a large field of view at high temporal resolution and with efficient out-of-focus background rejection still raises technical difficulties. Here, we present a novel fiberscope system that provides fast (up to 200 Hz) background-free fluorescence imaging in freely behaving mice over a field of view of diameter 230 μm. The fiberscope is composed of a custom-made multipoint-scanning confocal microscope coupled to the animal with an image guide and a micro-objective. By simultaneously registering a multipoint-scanning confocal image and a conventional widefield image, we subtracted the residual out-of-focus background and provided a background-free confocal image. Illumination and detection pinholes were created using a digital micromirror device, providing high adaptability to the sample structure and imaging conditions. Using this novel imaging tool, we demonstrated fast fluorescence imaging of microvasculature up to 120 μm deep in the mouse cortex, with an out-of-focus background reduced by two orders of magnitude compared with widefield microscopy. Taking advantage of the high acquisition rate (200 Hz), we measured red blood cell velocity in the cortical microvasculature and showed an increase in awake, unrestrained mice compared with anaesthetized animals.
关键词： red blood cell velocity,multipoint-scanning confocal microscope,digital micromirror device,fiberscope system,microvasculature imaging,fluorescence imaging,freely behaving mice
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Evaluation of retinal vasculature before and after treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome by optical coherence tomography angiography
摘要： Purpose To evaluate the effect of adenoidectomy on the brains of children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) through observation of the alteration of retinal perfusion by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods Sixty-two children with OSAS (124 eyes; 5.94 ± 1.64 years old; 53.2% boys) were enrolled in this study. Their retinal vascular network density indices, including vascular diameter (VD), vascular area density (VAD), vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel perimeter index (VPI) on the macular superficial/deep capillary plexus (SCP/DCP), and the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) were analyzed by OCTA before treatment and at 1 month after the adenoidectomy. Results After the adenoidectomy, the values of VD, VAD, VSD, and VPI in the SCP/DCP of the parafovea were significantly increased (p < 0.01). The FAZ was significantly diminished in the SCP (t = 4.50, p < 0.05) and increased in the DCP (t = ? 4.43, p < 0.05). The peripapillary indices in the SCP/DCP were not significantly changed (p > 0.05). Conclusion By improvement of hypoxia, the response of the parafoveal vessels was more sensitive than that of the peripapillary region in children with OSAS. Therefore, OCTA may be an ideal method to evaluate the changes of the retinal vascular system, which could be an effective parameter for the early evaluation of adenoidectomy on cases of pediatric OSAS.
关键词： OSAS,Retinal microvasculature,FAZ,Vessel density,OCTA
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14