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Electrochemically switchable electrochemiluminescent sensor constructed based on inorganic perovskite quantum dots synthesized with microwave irradiation
摘要： Microwave irradiation was employed to synthesize inorganic perovskite quantum dots (IPQDs) which were demonstrated to be monoclinic phase and behaved tunable photoluminescent emissions across the entire visible light spectrum. The microwave-based synthetic method was proved to be easy-operation, high-throughput and low-cost. These microwave-synthesized IPQDs exhibited electrochemically switchable electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Obvious ECL was obtained when holes were injected into the electron-injected IPQDs while almost no ECL was observed in the reverse process. ECL of IPQDs gave promise for constructing electrochemiluminescent sensors for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and dopamine (DA) detection. Linear relationships between ECL intensities and H2O2/DA concentrations were detected and satisfactory correlation coefficients were obtained. Our results shed light on the ECL of microwave-synthesized IPQDs.
关键词： electrochemiluminescent sensor,inorganic perovskite quantum dots,electroluminescence,microwave
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Rome, Italy (2019.6.17-2019.6.20)] 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Differentiation of the Laser Pulse in a Waveguide with a Bragg Grating
摘要： A novel one-port probe technique, which combines the measurements of a rectangular waveguide and coaxial probe to nondestructively yield the permittivity and permeability of a PEC-backed material, is presented. A brief description of the derivation of the theoretical probe reflection coefficients, necessary for permittivity and permeability extraction via numerical inversion, is provided. Experimental characterization results of a PEC-backed magnetic material are presented to validate the proposed approach. Error analysis is also undertaken to quantify the new technique’s sensitivity to common experimental errors.
关键词： moment methods,microwave measurements,waveguides,Integral equations,permeability measurement,uncertainty,permittivity measurement,measurement uncertainty
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of ZnO nanostructures for organic solar cell applications
摘要： In this work, a simple and efficient microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was adopted to synthesis zinc oxide nanostructures. Zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetramine were used as precursors. Various parameters involving synthesis conditions were attuned in order to achieve well-defined morphology. XRD peaks indicated the high crystallinity and hexagonal wurtzite structure of the prepared material. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed different morphology of the synthesized material. The prepared material can be used in organic solar cells, for effective dissociation of electron-hole pairs and thus enhancing photovoltaic performance.
关键词： Morphology,Organic solar cells,Microwave,Nanostructures,ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Munich, Germany (2019.6.23-2019.6.27)] 2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC) - Light Bullets in Passively Mode-Locked Lasers: Dynamics and Instabilities
摘要： Vertically and horizontally inhomogeneous distributions of hydrometeors are often observed in precipitating clouds. The 3-D characteristics can then cause errors in the passive microwave rainfall measurements with the current off-nadir viewing sensors’ specific specifications. This result is due to the fact that the same surface rainfall could be associated with different amounts of hydrometeors depending on the sensors’ viewing paths. In this paper, we confirmed that the plane-parallel radiative treatment to the atmosphere leaves a notable deficiency in the microwave radiometric signatures, particularly at the higher frequency channels for different viewing directions when largely inhomogeneous precipitating clouds are accompanied by significant ice particles. The mean differences between the two brightness temperature fields with two opposite azimuthal viewing directions were up to approximately 40 ?K for the vertically polarized channel at 85.5 GHz in the case study. The impact of the 3-D effect on the passive microwave rainfall estimations was also examined by synthetic retrievals employing a Bayesian methodology. The results showed that the uncertainty in the rainfall estimations due to the 3-D effect depended on the viewing directions considered in the a priori information. It was also found that taking more viewing angles or the azimuth angles in the a priori information into consideration tended to moderate the retrieval difference that resulted from the different viewing directions. In addition, the retrieval uncertainty related to the 3-D effect appeared to be more significant for heavy rainfall cases with large amounts of ice particles, as expected.
关键词： 3-D radiative transfer,precipitation,3-D effect,Passive microwave remote sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - Sozopol, Bulgaria (2019.9.6-2019.9.8)] 2019 IEEE 8th International Conference on Advanced Optoelectronics and Lasers (CAOL) - On the Theory of a Pulse Microwave-Pumped Laser
摘要： A new construction of the microwave-pumped laser based on the light-pumping cell that uses radiation of sulfur vapor exposed to electromagnetic waves of the microwave band is described. Advantages of this design are the simple structure, high efficiency of the optical pumping cell, the possibility of cooling the pumping element, and easiness of modifying the emission spectrum of the optical pumping by changing the chemical composition of admixtures in the sulfur light-emitting cell. A mathematical tool for the simulation of the short-pulse operation of the microwave-pumped laser is proposed basing on the generalized wave equation solving for a regular transmission line with essentially nonlinear dispersion characteristic and substantial dissipation. Possible techniques for the numerical solving the generalized wave equation are discussed.
关键词： generalized wave equation,sulfur lamp,numerical simulation,pulse operation,microwave-pumped laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - Singapore, Singapore (2019.8.28-2019.8.30)] 2019 IEEE 16th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP) - Understanding the Sidewall Dependence of Loss for Ge-on-Si Waveguides in the Mid-Infrared
摘要： An empirical model for field-effect transistor (FET) based power detectors is presented. The electrical model constitutes a Volterra analysis based on a Taylor series expansion of the drain current together with a linear embedding small-signal circuit. It is fully extracted from S-parameters and IV curves. The final result are closed-form expressions for the frequency dependence of the noise equivalent power (NEP) in terms of the FET intrinsic capacitances and parasitic resistances. Excellent model agreement to measured NEP of coplanar access graphene FETs with varying channel dimensions up to 67 GHz is obtained. The influence of gate length on responsivity and NEP is theoretically and experimentally studied.
关键词： field-effect transistors (FETs),Volterra,terahertz detectors,microwave detectors,graphene,power detectors,Analytical model
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 International Workshop on Fiber Optics in Access Networks (FOAN) - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019.9.2-2019.9.4)] 2019 International Workshop on Fiber Optics in Access Networks (FOAN) - An Affordable Laboratory Photodiode up to 11.5 GHz for Microwave Photonics Experiments
摘要： Low-cost optoelectronic devices are the main limiting factor when it comes to scaling the current access networks based on microwave photonics to the capabilities of smart cities. The use of affordable photodiodes could decrease the use of microwave photonics, since it is part of each system. In this paper we evaluate the frequency response of a coaxial packaged photodiode. The design of an electric circuit is presented. The results from the vector network analyzer show that the coaxial packaged photodiode makes photodetectors applicable up to 11.5 GHz. In addition, an experimental verification of the photodiode in an optoelectronic oscillator is performed.
关键词： photodetector,optoelectronic oscillator,photodiode,microwave photonics
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Analysis of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
摘要： A method for determination of aluminum, hafnium, iron, yttrium, calcium, magnesium, and titanium by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is described. Conditions for the decomposition of two modifications of the analyzed material—unburnt and subjected to stabilizing firing—have been studied. It has been found that the unburnt zirconia dissolves in sulfuric acid, and the burnt sample can be converted to solution only by fusing with potassium pyrosulfate or potassium bifluoride. However, the application of these reagents leads to high values of the control experiment correction for trace impurities (at the level of tenths and hundredths of a percent). In this connection, we have studied the possibility of acid dissolution of the burnt sample under microwave decomposition, varying the qualitative and quantitative composition of the acid mixture, reaction temperature, and time to reach and maintain the required temperature. It has been found that the decomposition in the mixture of hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids (2 : 1) in the microwave system with stepwise heating of the reaction mixture ensures quantitative dissolution of the burnt sample and sufficiently low values of the control experiment correction for trace impurities. The analytical lines have been chosen taking into account their relative intensity, possible spectral overlaps, and the matrix effect in the analysis of model solutions containing 1.3 mg/cm3 Zr, 0.2 mg/cm3 Y, and from 0.2 to 20 mg/cm3 impurities. As a result, the following analytical lines have been chosen: Al II 167.079 nm and Al I 308.215 nm, Ca II 184.006 nm and 393.366 nm, Fe II 238.204 nm, Mg II 279.553 nm, Ti II 334.941 nm, Y II 371.030 nm, and Hf II 232.247 nm. The developed method for the analysis of yttria-stabilized zirconia by ICP-AES allows simultaneously determining aluminum, iron, magnesium, and titanium in the range of 0.01–1.0%; calcium, 0.02–1.0%; hafnium, 0.1–5.0%; and yttrium, 2.0–15% with a relative standard deviation of 6–30 rel % (for Al, Fe, Mg, Ti, and Ca), 2–7 rel % (Hg), and 2–4 rel % (Y). The correctness of the method is confirmed by the standard addition technique.
关键词： zirconium dioxide stabilized by yttrium dioxide,inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES),microwave sample preparation
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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[IEEE 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Rome, Italy (2019.6.17-2019.6.20)] 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring) - Defected Ground Structure for Characteristic Enhancement of CSRR-based Substrate Integrated Waveguide BPF
摘要： Defected ground structure (DGS) is frequently involved to improve the characteristic response of microwave devices. In this paper, investigation of DGS utilization for characteristic enhancement of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter (BPF) composed of complimentary-split-ring-resonator (CSRR) is presented. The filter is deployed on an FR4 epoxy dielectric substrate with the thickness of 1.6 mm and the dimension of 45 mm × 40 mm. The BPF which is designed by two reversely arranged CSRR incorporated on the SIW conductor surface provides passband extension at higher frequency producing the bandwidth response around 9 GHz. However, the use of CSRR also provides some unsatisfactory response at high frequency region requiring for the enhancement. By involving DGS into the BPF, the characteristic response at high frequency region could be enhanced with the bandwidth response achieves up to 10% improved.
关键词： microwave devices,Defected ground structure (DGS),bandpass filter (BPF),complimentary-split-ring-resonator (CSRR),substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Robust design of a broadband dual-polarized transition from PCB to circular dielectric waveguide for mm-wave applications
摘要： A growing interest in dielectric waveguides (DWGs) as an alternative to commonly used waveguides (like coaxial or twisted-pair cables) for high data rate interconnects could be observed in the last few years. Especially in the mm-wave frequency range (30–300 GHz) applications with these waveguides benefit from low losses and low dispersion. Moreover, using both polarizations of the fundamental mode in such waveguides could theoretically double the data rate without the need of higher bandwidth or additional fibers. The connection between DWGs and commonly available transceiver chips requires broadband transitions from planar waveguides like microstrip lines to DWGs. In this paper, an overview of the current developments of such transitions is given and a novel low-complexity design is presented that reduces the space consumption by 35% related to recently published works. This allows an easy integration into a printed circuit board layout or a chip package. Furthermore, an extensive sensitivity analysis is presented to prove the robustness toward manufacturing tolerances. The transition is realized at W-band frequencies (75–110 GHz) and achieves a relative 10 dB-bandwidth of more than 25% with a minimum insertion loss of 1.2 dB. It is shown that these properties even hold for manufacturing tolerances of nowadays manufacturing processes.
关键词： polymer microwave fiber,Dielectric waveguides,chip-to-chip interconnect,microstrip line,multi-gigabit,mm-wave
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01