- 标题
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Compressed Sensing-Aided Index Modulation Improves Space-Time Shift Keying Assisted Millimeter-Wave Communications
摘要： In this treatise, we present the concept of Compressed-Sensing (CS)-aided Space-Time Shift Keying Index Modulation (STSK-IM), where a virtual domain Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol is divided into Na-sized blocks, which carry K STSK codewords over a specific combination of virtual-domain sub-carriers and then converted to the frequency domain with the aid of a CS matrix. We design the system for operation in the Milli-meter Wave (mmWave) frequency band. Furthermore, we amalgamate our soft-decision-aided scheme both with the concept of Coordinate-Interleaving (CI) as well as a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-aided codebook design conceived for analogue beamforming, which is vitally important for mmWave systems. In the proposed system, the number of implicit bits conveyed by the activated sub-carrier Frequency Index (FI) is determined by the number of the available K to Na sub-carrier permutations. Hence, we propose two FI allocation techniques, namely the Distinct FI (DFI) and the Shared FI (SFI) based schemes, which strike a trade-off between the attainable sparsity level and the achievable capacity limit. We then introduce a reduced-complexity detection technique in order to mitigate the detection complexity to order of the optimum detector from O(Nc · (Q · L)K) to O(?Nc · (Q · L)K), where ?Nc ≤ Nc. We also formulate the Discrete-Input Continuous-Output Memoryless Channel (DCMC) capacity and invoke EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts for characterizing the achievable performance limit of the reduced-complexity aided detector. Finally, we analyze the BER performance of both the uncoded and of our coded CS-aided STSK-IM systems associated with both the optimum and the reduced-complexity detectors.
关键词： Spatial Modulation,Compressed Sensing,mmWave,Reduced Complexity detection,Millimeter-wave communications,Space-Time Shift Keying,channel coding,PSK,QAM,MIMO,Coordinate Interleave,Spatial modulation,5G,OFDM,Index modulation,wideband channel
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Hybrid Precoding with Partially Connected Structure for mmWave Massive MIMO OFDM: A Parallel Framework and Feasibility Analysis
摘要： Hybrid precoding, a combination of digital and analog precoding, is an alternative to traditional precoding methods in massive MIMO systems with large number of antenna elements and has shown promising results recently. In this work, we implement a parallel framework to make hybrid precoding competitive in fast-fading environments. A low-complexity algorithm which exploits the block diagonal phase only nature of the analog precoder in a partially connected structure is proposed to arrive at a hybrid precoding solution for a multi-carrier single-user system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The original problem is broken down into two subproblems of finding the magnitude and the phase components which are solved independently. A per-RF chain power constraint is introduced instead of the sum power constraint over all antennas which is much more practical in real systems. An alternating version of the same algorithm is proposed for increased spectral-efficiency gains. Complexity and run-time analysis demonstrate the advantage of the proposed algorithm over existing hybrid precoding schemes for partially connected structure in an OFDM setting. Simulation results reveal certain insights about the partially connected structure and the trade-offs that have to be made to make it workable in a real wideband system.
关键词： partially connected structure,mmWave,massive MIMO,per-RF chain power constraint,Hybrid precoding,OFDM
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF) - Silicon Valley, CA (2018.7.9-2018.7.11)] 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF) - Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO with Alamouti Code and Imperfect Channel State Information
摘要： Massive MIMO is one of the technologies considered in 5G to provide a much higher capacity without requiring more wireless spectrum. Because of the congestion in the radio frequency spectrum below 6 GHz, the millimeter Wave (mmWave) band has increasingly become more attractive to researchers since it offers a much larger unused bandwidth. However, the higher path loss at mmWave frequencies and the poor scattering nature of the mmWave channel (fewer paths exist) represent a challenge for communications. A hybrid beamforming technique with large antenna arrays and the Alamouti coding scheme are used in this paper to improve the performance of a single-user mmWave massive MIMO system. When perfect Channel State Information (CSI) is not available at the Base Station (BS), computer simulations have shown that a gain of 20 dB or more can be achieved by using the Alamouti code compared to the system with hybrid beamforming only, and more importantly, the error probability does not level off.
关键词： hybrid precoding and combining,mmWave communication,Massive MIMO,Alamouti Code
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF) - Silicon Valley, CA (2018.7.9-2018.7.11)] 2018 IEEE 5G World Forum (5GWF) - Capacity Estimation for Self-Backhaul in mmWave Networks
摘要： We consider the performance implications of using self-backhaul in a millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless network. In a self-backhauled network some nonanchored basestations route their traf?c through another anchored basestation rather than utilize an expensive wired backhaul. Self-backhaul is particularly attractive in the mmWave context since we can form narrow beams that reduce the interference due to the backhaul links. In this work we study how interference and load affect the overall performance of self-backhauled networks and we examine which network parameters determine whether self-backhaul is bene?cial. We demonstrate that highly directional beams and a steep path loss function improve the tradeoffs associated with self-backhaul. We also develop a scaling law that allows us to easily estimate the self-backhaul capacity.
关键词： wireless network,mmWave,interference,load,capacity estimation,self-backhaul
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI) - Bangalore, India (2018.9.19-2018.9.22)] 2018 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI) - Triple Band Antenna for 5G Applications
摘要： In this paper, a compact multiband single substrate microstrip patch antenna is presented. The antenna operates in the mm wave frequency band (30GHz-300GHz) which suits future 5G applications. The triple band microstrip patch antenna resonates at 26.92GHz, 35.08GHz and 54.74GHz. The antenna shows a return loss of -52.87dB with a bandwidth and gain of 13.92% and 6.36dB respectively at 54.74GHz. These results manifest the antenna to be a superior candidate for future 5G applications.
关键词： microstrip patch antenna,mmwave,triple band,5G antenna
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[IEEE 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Bucharest (2018.7.1-2018.7.5)] 2018 20th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Medium-Transparent Packet-Based Fronthauling for 5G Hot-Spot Networks
摘要： In order to meet the traffic density requirement and cope with the technical challenges of hot-spot scenarios exhibiting extreme user density in very confined geographical areas, the fifth generation (5G) networks must undergo radical technological and architectural innovations that support a broad solution portfolio. This solution mix includes spectrum expansion to the millimeter Wave (mmWave) band, massive Multiple-Input Multiple- Output antennas and network densification through remote radio head deployment. Since the current Common Public Radio Interface-based mobile fronthaul cannot cope with massive mmWave multi-Gbps traffic streams, it is imperative to introduce a novel converged 5G architecture, specifically designed to facilitate mmWave access to massive amounts of users. To this end, a Medium Transparent Medium Access Control (MT-MAC) protocol has been proposed, designed to operate over a converged mmWave analog Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) fronthaul. MT-MAC allows for fast and direct negotiation of wavelength, radio frequency and time resources between the base band unit and the mmWave users, while offering fast on-demand link formation. However, its performance has not yet been evaluated under 5G heavy-traffic scenarios, as the ones previously described. Hence, in this paper, we investigate the performance of an MT-MAC-enabled fronthaul and report on its suitability for mmWave hot-spot 5G access networks.
关键词： fronthaul,optical-wireless,millimetre wave (mmWave),C-RAN,passive-optical-networks (PON),radio-over-fiber (RoF)
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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5G Millimeter Wave Channel Sounders, Measurements, and Models: Recent Developments and Future Challenges
摘要： Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is a key technology for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems due to its tremendous bandwidth available to support high data rate transmission. This article investigates the recent developments and future challenges in 5G mmWave channel sounders, measurements, and models. Various channel sounders are comprehensively classified and compared. Channel measurements in diverse indoor and outdoor scenarios for different mmWave bands are surveyed. Meanwhile, a comparison of multiple mmWave bands, validation of mmWave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel properties, and measurement and modeling of human blockage effects are shown. Different channel modeling approaches including deterministic, semi-deterministic, and stochastic modeling methods are summarized. Some future research directions are also given.
关键词： 5G,measurements,channel sounders,mmWave,models
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Multi-User Analog Beamforming in mmWave MIMO Systems Based on Path Angle Information
摘要： We aim to design an analog-only beamforming scheme for downlink multi-user mmWave systems to optimize the beamforming gain and the inter-user interference at the same time. Traditional analog beamforming scheme, such as beam selection method, uses the array response vector corresponding to the strongest path of the channel to generate a beam pointing to the user. In multi-user systems, such schemes will lead to large inter-user interference, especially when the users are located closely. In this paper, we formulate a multi-objective problem to strike a balance between the beamforming gain and the inter-user interference. To solve the problem, we first use the weighted-sum method to transform the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem. Then, we use the semi-definite programing technique to make the analog beamforming with constant-magnitude constraints tractable. Furthermore, to alleviate the effects of the channel estimation and feedback quantization errors, we design a robust beamforming scheme to provide robustness against imperfect channel information. We first develop a channel error model for the scattering clustered channel model, which can serve as a general channel error model for mmWave channels. Then, we formulate a multi-objective problem using the stochastic approach to suppress the interference and enhance the beamforming gain at the same time. Simulation results show that our proposed non-robust multi-user analog beamformer outperforms the traditional analog beamforming method when SNR is high and our proposed robust beamformer can provide up to 109% improvement in the sum-rate compared to the beam selection method.
关键词： robust beamforming,inter-user interference,mmWave,analog beamforming,multi-user,MIMO
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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[ACM Press the 2nd ACM Workshop - New Delhi, India (2018.10.29-2018.10.29)] Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Millimeter Wave Networks and Sensing Systems - mmNets '18 - Millimeter Waves, Millisecond Delays
摘要： Two simultaneous revolutionary changes are occurring in networking: the advent of mmWave networks and the advent of applications that require end-to-end delays of the order of a few milliseconds. mmWave is the first physical layer technology that promises huge wireless bandwidth, but with very poor reliability as a result of its vulnerability to blockage (optical fiber offers high reliability and high bandwidth; sub-6Ghz microwave networks offer lower bandwidth but graceful bandwidth degradation that can be mitigated). The emergence of the need for ultra-low delays for haptic communications and control loops in self-driving cars and other sensor based applications, has radically changed the requirements for layers above the physical layer. These two changes transform standard networking problems, and will lead to a new wave of research. Examples will be used to illustrate this paradigm shift.
关键词： 5G,ultra-reliable,blockage,TCP,60Ghz,mmWave,ultra-low latency,WiFi,URLLC,transport layer protocols
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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On the Degree of Multi-Connectivity in 5G Millimeter-Wave Cellular Urban Deployments
摘要： Outage event caused by dynamic link blockage at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies is a challenging problem for cell-edge users. To address it, 3GPP is currently working on multi-connectivity mechanisms that allow a user to remain connected to several mmWave access points simultaneously as well as switch between them in case its active connection drops. However, the actual number of such simultaneous links – named the degree of multi-connectivity – to reach the desired trade-off between the system design simplicity and the outage probability levels remains an open research question. In this work, we characterize the outage probability and spectral efficiency associated with different degrees of multi-connectivity in a typical 5G urban scenario, where the line-of-sight propagation path can be blocked by buildings as well as humans. These results demonstrate that the degrees of multi-connectivity of up to 4 offer higher relative gains. Our analytical framework can be further employed for the performance analysis of multi-connectivity-capable mmWave systems across their different deployment configurations.
关键词： multi-connectivity,macro diversity,outage probability,mmWave systems,dynamic human body blockage
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46