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Investigation of 3 dB Optical Intensity Spot Radius of Laser Beam under Scattering Underwater Channel
摘要： An important step in the design of receiver aperture and optimal spacing of the diversity scheme for an underwater laser communication system is to accurately characterize the two-dimensional (2D) spatial distribution of laser beam intensity. In this paper, the 2D optical intensity distribution and 3 dB optical intensity spot radius (OISR) are investigated due to the dominating optical intensity of laser beam being within the 3 dB OISR. By utilizing the Henyey–Greenstein function to compute the scattering angles of photons, the effects of the scattering underwater optical channel and optical system parameters on 3 dB OISR are examined based on the Monte Carlo simulation method. We have shown for the ?rst time that in the channel with a high density of scattering particles, the divergence angle of the laser source plays a negligible role in 3 dB OISR. This is an interesting phenomenon and important for optical communication as this clearly shows that the geometric loss is no longer important for the design of receiver aperture and optimal spacing of the diversity scheme for the underwater laser communication system in the highly scattering channel.
关键词： 3 dB optical intensity spot radius,scattering underwater channel,Monte Carlo simulation method
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Accurate Sizing of Residential Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems Considering System Reliability
摘要： In rural areas or in isolated communities in developing countries it is increasingly common to install micro-renewable sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, by residential consumers without access to the utility distribution network. The reliability of the supply provided by these stand-alone generators is a key issue when designing the PV system. The proper system sizing for a minimum level of reliability avoids unacceptable continuity of supply (undersized system) and unnecessary costs (oversized system). This paper presents a method for the accurate sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic (SAPV) residential generation systems for a pre-established reliability level. The proposed method is based on the application of a sequential random Monte Carlo simulation to the system model. Uncertainties of solar radiation, energy demand, and component failures are simultaneously considered. The results of the case study facilitate the sizing of the main energy elements (solar panels and battery) depending on the required level of reliability, taking into account the uncertainties that affect this type of facility. The analysis carried out demonstrates that deterministic designs of SAPV systems based on average demand and radiation values or the average number of consecutive cloudy days can lead to inadequate levels of continuity of supply.
关键词： photovoltaic generation,battery storage,renewable energy,Monte Carlo Simulation,reliability evaluation
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Optimal allocation of DSTATCOM considering the uncertainty of photovoltaic systems
摘要： Rational allocation of the distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) can effectively solve the impact of high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems on an active distribution network. Taking the intermittent output of a PV system into consideration, this paper establishes an optimal allocation model of DSTATCOM, in which active power loss, voltage deviation, and total allocation cost are considered as the objective functions. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is employed to simulate the random output of PV. Moreover, an opportunity constraint is introduced into the optimal model to evaluate the reliability of the allocation scheme. Multiobjective differential evolution gray wolf optimization (MODEGWO) is proposed to determine the optimal location and capacity of the DSTATCOM. A new optimization method integrating MCS, opportunity constraint, and MODEGWO is proposed to deal with the optimal allocation model of DSTATCOM. The proposed method is validated on an IEEE 33-bus system. Simulation results con?rm the rationality and validity of the proposed model.
关键词： Monte Carlo simulation,opportunity constraint,optimal con?guration,MODEGWO,DSTATCOM
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting - Baltimore, MD, USA (2019.9.29-2019.10.3)] 2019 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting - Photovoltaic Hosting Capacity Estimation Considering the Impact of Electric Vehicles
摘要： As the deployment of renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, is proliferating worldwide, the need to increase distribution system (DS) hosting capacity to PV systems without system upgrade is a major concern. This paper proposes a stochastic method to calculate the DS hosting capacity to PV while ensuring that voltage requirements are not violated. In the proposed method, electric vehicle (EV) loads are also integrated to improve DS hosting capacity for PV systems. EVs are integrated at random locations of DS with different penetration levels to analyze their effects on the DS hosting capacity. The proposed method is demonstrated on the IEEE 123 node test feeder through several case studies. In these case studies, the OpenDSS and MATLAB are used to perform the simulations. The results show that the hosting capacity of PV in the IEEE 123 node test feeder can be improved approximately by 4% by penetrating EV loads to 12% of spot loads at each PV location.
关键词： photovoltaic,Electric Vehicle,hosting capacity,Monte Carlo simulation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) - Edmonton, AB, Canada (2019.5.5-2019.5.8)] 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE) - Assessment of Photovoltaic Hosting Capacity of Existing Distribution Circuits
摘要： Government initiatives have been mandating the increased integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as residential and commercial photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, high levels of PV penetration can negatively affect the operations of the distribution system, particularly during mid-day low demand periods. It is of vital importance to gain more understanding of the system and to prepare mitigation plans before the amount of PV installations reaches a critical level. Therefore, properly assessing the PV hosting capacity is necessary. In this paper, the hosting capacities of three real circuits in Alberta, Canada are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation-based probabilistic power flow (MCS-based PPF) method. The examined circuits cover the cities of Fort McMurray, Lloydminster, and Drumheller. These areas represent circuits of different sizes and complexities. The hosting capacities of the three regions were determined to be 10%, 60%, and 70%, respectively. Buses impacted by PV penetration were found in all three distribution networks. Factors influencing the PV hosting capacity are also identified and analyzed.
关键词： Photo-voltaic PV,probabilistic power flow,hosting capacity,Monte Carlo Simulation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Performance assessment of domestic photovoltaic power plant with a storage system
摘要： Grid-connected low voltage photovoltaic power plants cover the majority of the power capacity installed in Italy. They offer an important contribution to the power demand of the utilities connected but, due to the nature of the solar resource, the night time consumption can be satisfied only withdrawing the energy by the national grid, at the price of the energy distributor. Thanks to the improvement of storage technologies and the decreasing of costs, the installation of a system of battery looks a promising solution. In this paper, a model-based approach to analyze and discuss the performance of a domestic photovoltaic power plant with a storage system is presented.
关键词： Service Availability,Dynamic Reliability,Retrofit Photovoltaic Power Plant,Monte Carlo Simulation
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Day-ahead stochastic coordinated scheduling for thermal-hydro-wind-photovoltaic systems
摘要： With the rapid development of electric power industry, the problem of dispatching renewable energy resources attracts worldwide attention. This paper presents a stochastic scheduling model to study the day-ahead coordination of a multi-source power system. The proposed stochastic scheduling model aims to find a base-case solution with relatively stable operation cost in the presence of uncertain renewable generation. Wind and photovoltaic generation uncertainties are modeled as scenarios using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Considering that wind and photovoltaic generations present complementary characteristics, scenarios are generated with correlations between wind and photovoltaic generations by Copula theory. To better reflect the characteristics of historical wind data, the fluctuation of wind power is also considered when scenarios are generated. The fast scenario reduction method is applied as a tradeoff between accuracy and computational speed. Numerical simulations indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the coordinated scheduling of Thermal-Hydro-Wind-Photovoltaic systems.
关键词： Monte Carlo simulation,Scenarios,Copula theory,Day-ahead scheduling,Renewable energy
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Comparative Evaluation of the Accuracy and Robustness of Various Information Processing Algorithms from Tripled Measuring Channels
摘要： Using the example of a three-channel system for measuring the level of filling of tanks of launch vehicles, we perform a comparative assessment of the accuracy and robustness of various algorithms for processing measurement information received from three measuring channels of the same type. We consider various processing algorithms of three equal-precision measurements: finding the arithmetic mean of three equal-precision measurements and a majority choice of three equal-precision measurements. For these algorithms, the probability density function of the measurement errors and confidence limits of the measurement error are found using the assumption of uniform or normal laws of the error distribution of three equally accurate measurements. A generalized algorithm for processing redundant information is proposed. The essence of the generalized algorithm is the addition of three equally accurate measurements taking into account individual weighting factors. Weight coefficients are selected based on the values of three equally accurate measurements: the minimum and maximum values are assigned the same weighting coefficient, and the median is assigned a coefficient which normalizes the sum of the three weighting factors to one. For a generalized algorithm by means of simulation modeling, the confidence limits of the measurement error are determined depending on the selected weighting factors. The robustness of the considered processing algorithms is evaluated for three equally accurate measurements performed on three measuring channels identical in design, with a random perturbation applied to one of the channels. Recommendations on the selection of weights for three equal measurements are given. For the fuel level measurement system under consideration, it is justified to use an algorithm for processing measurement information based on a majority choice of three equally accurate measurements.
关键词： algorithms for processing redundant measurement information,probability density distribution of measurement errors,robustness,weight coefficients,confidence limits of measurement error,Monte Carlo simulation
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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Methods of extraction of optical properties from diffuse reflectance measurements of ex-vivo human colon tissue using thin film silicon photodetector arrays
摘要： Spatially resolved di?use re?ectance spectroscopy (SRDRS) is a promising technique for characterization of colon tissue. Herein, two methods for extracting the reduced scattering and absorption coe?cients (μ(cid:48) s(λ) and μa(λ)) from SRDRS data using lookup tables of simulated di?use re?ectance are reported. Experimental measurements of liquid tissue phantoms performed with a custom multi-pixel silicon SRDRS sensor spanning the 450 - 750 nm wavelength range were used to evaluate the extraction methods, demonstrating that the combined use of spatial and spectral data reduces extraction error compared to use of spectral data alone. Additionally, SRDRS measurements of normal and tumor ex-vivo human colon tissue are presented along with μ(cid:48) s(λ) and μa(λ) extracted from these measurements.
关键词： optical properties,Spatially resolved di?use re?ectance spectroscopy,colon tissue,Monte Carlo simulation,lookup tables
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22
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An approach for correcting optical paths of different wavelength lasers in diffusive medium based on Monte Carlo simulation
摘要： Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) generally uses multiple wavelengths of light to obtain functional information. When different wavelengths are employed together, their optical paths are different in the medium and it can potentially cause errors. In this study, we introduced an approach of correcting optical paths when laser sources are used. Laser can be approximated by a point source in a diffusive medium and its depth depends on the wavelength. By multiplying the ratio of detected weights emitted from different point sources, they are conceptually moved to the same position. Monte Carlo simulation was implemented to accumulate required data. As an example for verifying this method, optical properties of the white matter of the brain was used. All combinations of four wavelengths (400, 550, 700, and 850 nm) and six source-detector distances (0.5 mm to 3.0 mm at intervals of 0.5 mm) were simulated. Under the same example conditions, the difference between the simulation results and this method was about ‘1.28%’. The results showed that this approach is applicable to short source-detector distance conditions.
关键词： Monte Carlo simulation,Point source approximation,Near infrared spectroscopy,Light diffusion,Optical path,Penetration depth
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22