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Bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells with advanced Ag-free multi-wire metallization attached to ITO layers using new transparent conductive PAEK copolymers
摘要： Previously, we reported the synthesis and application of transparent conductive polymer (TCP) films, poly(arylene ether ketone) copolymers (co-PAEKs), for forming direct contact between wires and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers in silicon solar cells. The polymers have the lowest peak strain temperature (Td), which determines the contact formation temperature, of 205 °C. To utilize such TCP films in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells with amorphous silicon layers, Td should be lowered. To solve the problem in question, a number of co-PAEKs with a decreased reduced viscosity (ηred) due to a decreased molecular weight of the polymer have been synthesized in this study. It has been shown that lowering ηred from 0.56 to 0.4 dl/g markedly improves the main properties of the co-PAEKs. In particular, (i) Td decreased from 205 to 189 °C, (ii) the peel strength, determined by pulling off the wires from the polymer surface, increased from 1.69 ± 0.26 to 3.55 ± 0.84 N/mm, and (iii) the resistivity of the wire/TCP/ITO (In2O3:Sn) contact, ρC, dropped from 1.20 to 0.67 mΩ cm2. At the same time, the optical properties of the copolymers remained unchanged. We have fabricated bifacial rear junction SHJ solar cells based on a ITO/(n)α-Si:H/(i)α-Si:H/(n)Cz-Si/(i)α-Si:H/(p)α-Si:H/ITO structure, with wire contact grids attached to the ITO layers using co-PAEK films. A solar cell produced using the co-PAEK film with the lowest reduced viscosity had an efficiency under front/rear illumination of 19.6%/18.4%. At 1-sun front illumination and 20/50% of 1-sun rear illumination, the equivalent efficiency is equal to 23.3%/28.8%.
关键词： Multi-wire metallization,Transparent conductive polymer,Silicon heterojunction solar cells
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Bifacial IFO/(n+pp+)Cz-Si/ITO solar cells with full-area Al-alloyed BSF and Ag-free multi-wire metallization suitable for low-concentration systems
摘要： Bifacial solar cells have received considerable attention due to the potential to achieve higher energy yield compared to monofacial cells. However, in bifacial cells, p+-Si layers are usually produced by boron diffusion, which makes such cells more expensive compared to monofacial cells with a full-area screen-printed Al-alloyed Al-p+ back-surface-field (BSF). Recently, we have demonstrated proof-of-concept that bifacial cells, which, in addition, are also suitable for application in low-concentration systems (3–6 suns), can be produced from commercially available, standard monofacial SiNx/(n+pp+)Cz-Si/Al structures with full-area Al-p+-BSF. For this purpose, the residual Al paste was removed and a number of solar cells were prepared differing in the sheet resistance of the Al-p+-BSF (Rp+), which was varied from 14 Ω/sq to 123 Ω/sq by thinning the Al-p+ layer using one-sided etch-back process. Thinning of the Al-p+-BSF significantly improved the efficiency under 1-sun front/rear-side illumination: from 16.0%/7.5% (at Rp+ = 14 Ω/sq) to 17.5%/11.2% (at Rp+ = 81 Ω/sq). The equivalent efficiency at 1-sun front illumination and 20/50% albedo of 1-sun illumination increased from 17.7%/20.1% (at Rp+ = 14 Ω/sq) to 19.9%/23.5% (at Rp+ = 81 Ω/sq). In this paper, we present the results of systematic study of the developed bifacial cells. Thinning-induced changes in the properties of the cells are analyzed in detail. The critical aspects which might explain the performance of the developed cells are addressed. In addition, bifacial cells are compared with standard monofacial cells fabricated using the precursor of the same batch.
关键词： Ultrasonic spray pyrolysis,Transparent conductive oxide,Ag-cost reduction,Bifacial concentrator silicon solar cell,Multi-wire metallization,Al-alloyed BSF
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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AIP Conference Proceedings [AIP Publishing 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Fes, Morocco (25–27 March 2019)] 15th International Conference on Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPV-15) - Concentrator bifacial crystalline silicon solar cells with Al-alloyed BSF and Ag-free multi-wire metallization
摘要： We present Ag-free low-concentrator bifacial indium-fluorine-oxide (IFO)/(n+pp+)Cz-Si/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) solar cells based on: (i) a shallow phosphorus-doped n+-emitter; (ii) an easy-to-fabricate screen-printed Al-alloyed Al-p+ back-surface-field (BSF); (iii) transparent conductive IFO and ITO layers grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, which act as passivating and antireflection electrode; (iv) Ag-free multi-wire metallization of copper wire attached by the low-temperature lamination method simultaneously to the front IFO layer, rear ITO layer as well as to the interconnecting ribbons arranged outside the structure using transparent conductive polymer films. For the manufacture of solar cells, we used standard commercially available SiNx/(n+pp+)Cz-Si/Al structures. After removal of the residual Al paste, the Al-p+ layer was thinned by one-sided etchback process. A number of solar cells were prepared differing in the sheet resistance of the Al-p+ layer (Rp+), which ranged from 14 ?/sq (original, non-etched Al-p+ layer) to 123 ?/sq. It was found that thinning of the Al-p+ layer (increase in Rp+) greatly improved all the parameters of solar cells. The cell with Rp+ = 81 ?/sq showed the best combination of conversion parameters. Under 1-sun front/rear illumination, the conversion efficiency of this cell is 17.5%/11.2% (against 16.0%/7.5% for the cell with Rp+ = 14 ?/sq). At 1-sun front illumination and 20/50% albedo of 1-sun illumination, the equivalent efficiency is equal to 19.9%/23.5% (against 17.7%/20.1% for the cell with Rp+ = 14 ?/sq). At a sunlight concentration ratio (kC) of 2.3–2.7 suns, the cells with Rp+ in the range 45–123 ?/sq showed approximately similar maximum front-side efficiency, 17.5–17.9%. However, the operating range of sunlight concentration ratio (kC,OR) determined as η(kC,OR) = η(kC = 1) showed a tendency to decrease from 5.8 ± 0.6 suns to 4 ± 0.5 suns with an increase in Rp+ from 14–45 ?/sq to 63–123 ?/sq.
关键词： Ag-free,multi-wire metallization,crystalline silicon,Al-alloyed BSF,bifacial,solar cells
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04