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- 2019
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- PIN diode
- reconfigurable structure
- Active frequency selective surface (AFSS)
- multifunctional AFSS (MAFSS)
- active harmonic filter
- Multifunctional VSC
- unity power factor operation
- power quality improvement
- grid-connected SPV system
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- Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering
- Electrical Engineering and Automation
- Chung-Ang University
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology
- IIITD&M Kancheepuram
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Nanogold-core Multifunctional Dendrimer for Pulsatile Chemo-, Photothermal- and Photodynamic- Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis
摘要： This investigation reports a novel nanoGold-core multifunctional dendrimer for pulsatile chemo-, photothermal- and photodynamic- therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Architecturally, the nanocomposites comprised of a nanoGold (Au) at the focal whose surface is functionalized by hydroxy-terminated thiolated-dendrons following Au-thiol bond formation to produce nanoGold-core multifunctional dendrimer (Au-DEN). The surface hydroxyl groups of Au-DEN were then conjugated with methotrexate (MTX; a disease-modifying first line anti-rheumatic drug; DMARD; 74.29±0.48 % loading) to form Au-DEN-MTX-NPs (Particle size: 100.15±28.36 nm; poly dispersibility index, PDI: 0.39±0.02; surface zeta potential, ζ: -22.45±1.06 mV). MTX was strategically selected to serve as an anti-rheumatic DMARD as well as a targeting ligand to attain selective localization of the formulation in arthritic tissue via folate receptors upregulated on arthritic tissues. The docking study was performed to confirm the viable binding efficiency of MTX towards β-folate receptors that are overexpressed on arthritic tissues taking folic acid as a reference standard. The IR780, a NIR active bioactive was also loaded in Au-DEN-MTX NPs to offer photothermal benefit upon irradiation with NIR laser (wavelength: 808 nm). The hypothesis was tested by elucidation of in vitro drug release profile, photothermal activity, cellular uptake (Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy; CLSM), cell viability assay (MTT protocol) and Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the hemolytic toxicity and stability studies were also investigated to determine the blood compatibility as well as ideal storage condition of NPs. The outcome of this investigations presents developed multifunctional targeted NPs to be potential therapeutics for the improved treatment of RA. The approach can also be applied to other clinical interventions involving countering inflammatory conditions.
关键词： Rheumatoid arthritis,NanoGold-core multifunctional dendrimer,Methotrexate,Photothermal,Near-infrared,Dendron
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Melanin-like nanoparticles decorated with an autophagy-inducing peptide for efficient targeted photothermal therapy
摘要： Photothermal therapy efficiently ablates tumors via hyperthermia but inevitably induces serious side effects including thermal damage to normal tissues, inflammations and enhanced risk of tumor metastasis. In this study, we fabricated a dual peptide decorated melanin-like nanoparticle for tumor-targeted and autophagy-promoted photothermal therapy in pursuit of improved cancer treatment. The multifunctional nanoparticle was composed of dual peptide RGD- and beclin 1-modified and PEGylated melanin-like polydopamine nanoparticles. Beclin 1-derived peptide modified on the nanoparticle up-regulated autophagy in cancer cells and further sensitized the photothermal ablation to tumors. RGD decorated on the particle surface enhanced the selectivity and cellular uptake of polydopamine nanoparticles by breast cancer cells. In vivo therapeutic experiments revealed that the tumor-targeted and autophagy promotion-associated photothermal therapy efficiently regressed tumors at a low temperature around 43 oC. The study provides a novel and efficient strategy to improve the efficiency of photothermal therapy via the up-regulation of autophagy in tumor cells.
关键词： photothermal therapy,beclin 1,multifunctional nanoparticles,autophagy,melanin-like
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Multifunctional N,S co-doped carbon dots for sensitive probing of temperature, ferric ion, and methotrexate
摘要： In this paper, we have presented a facile method to fabricate nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) for blood methotrexate (MTX) sensing applications. The N,S-CDs with quantum yield up to 75% were obtained by one-step hydrothermal carbonization, using reduced glutathione and citric acid as the precursors. With this approach, the formation and the surface passivation of N,S-CDs were carried out simultaneously, resulting in intrinsic fluorescence emission. Owing to their pronounced temperature dependence of the fluorescence emission spectra, resultant N,S-CDs can work as versatile nanothermometry devices by taking advantage of the temperature sensitivity of their emission intensity. In addition, the obtained N,S-CDs facilitated high selectivity detection of Fe3+ ions with a detection limit as low as 0.31 μM and a wide linear range from 3.33 to 99.90 μM. More importantly, the added MTX selectively led to the fluorescence quenching of the N,S-CDs. Such fluorescence responses were used for well quantifying MTX in the range of 2.93 to 117.40 μM, and the detection limit was down to 0.95 μM. Due to Binert^ surface, the N,S-CDs well resisted the interferences from various biomolecules and exhibited excellent selectivity. The proposed sensing system was successfully used for the assay of MTX in human plasma. Due to simplicity, sensitivity, selectivity, and low cost, it exhibits great promise as a practical platform for MTX sensing in biological samples.
关键词： Hydrothermal carbonization,Doped carbon dots,Excitation-independent emission,Multifunctional probe,Methotrexate,Surface passivation
更新于2025-11-19 16:46:39
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Tetramodal Imaging and Synergistic Cancer Radio-Chemotherapy Enabled by Multiple Component-Encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
摘要： The abundant species of functional nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interests as components to construct multifunctional composites for cancer theranostics. However, their distinct chemical properties substantially require a specific strategy to integrate them in harmony. Here, we report the preparation of a distinctive multifunctional composite by encapsulating small-sized semiconducting copper bismuth sulfide (CBS) nanoparticles and rare-earth down-conversion (DC) nanoparticles in larger-sized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF8) nanoparticles, followed by loading an anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX). Such composites can be used for tetramodal imaging, including traditional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and, recently, for photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging. With a pH-responsive release of the encapsulated components, synergistic radio-chemotherapy with a high (87.6%) tumor inhibition efficiency is achieved at moderate doses of the CBS&DC-ZIF8@DOX composite with X-ray irradiation. This promising strategy highlights the extending capacity of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks to encapsulate multiple distinct components for enhanced cancer imaging and therapy.
关键词： multifunctional,zeolitic imidazolate frameworks,tetramodal imaging,multiple encapsulation,synergistic radio-chemotherapy
更新于2025-11-14 15:24:45
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An inorganic magnetic fluorescent nanoprobe with favorable biocompatibility for dual-modality bioimaging and drug delivery
摘要： In this work, we present the development of a high water soluble biological nanoprobe through the covalent bonding of β-CD onto the surface of iron oxide?gold nanoclusters (Fe3O4@Au@β-CD). Fe3O4@Au@SiO2 NPs were also prepared for comparison. The maximum emission peak of magnetic fluorescent NPs red-shifted by 30 nm and the lifetime was also elongated to 5.21 μs after surface modified with β-CD. The relaxivities and in vitro magnetic resonance imaging ability of the resultant magnetic fluorescent NPs were also studied, indicating that Fe3O4@Au@β-CD NPs have the lowest r2/r1 ratio and could be a potential T2 contrast agent for MR imaging. The MTT assay proved that, Fe3O4@Au@β-CD NPs are of excellent water solubility and biocompatibility. In vitro confocal fluorescence imaging was also performed, manifesting that Fe3O4@Au@β-CD NPs can be selectively uptaken by gastric cancer cells (MGC-803) and exhibit red fluorescence in the cells. The preliminary drug loading and releasing measurements demonstrate that it can also act as targeted drug delivery nanosystem. All these experimental results indicate that, Fe3O4@Au@β-CD NPs hold great application perspective in the diagnosis and therapy of gastric cancer cells as biological nanoprobes.
关键词： Multifunctional,Biocompatibility,Magnetic fluorescent nanocomposites,Drug delivery,Dual-modality imaging
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer-based multifunctional solid-state emitter: a fluorescent platform with ‘write-erase-write’ function
摘要： The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based molecular probes have drawn significant attention owing to their environment-sensitive fluorescence properties, large Stokes shift and emerged as building blocks for the development of molecular sensors and switches. However, most of the ESIPT-based fluorophores exhibit weak emission in the solid state limiting the scope of real-time applications. Addressing such issues, herein, we presented a C3-symmetric like molecular architecture employing a simple one-step Schiff base condensation between triaminoguanidinium chloride and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (TGHB). The temperature-dependent fluorescence studies including at 77 K indicated the strong emission from the keto tautomer compared to that of the enol. The facile ESIPT in TGHB in the solid-state led to a remarkable enhancement of fluorescence quantum yield of 1600-times compared to that of the solution (λem = 545 nm) by restricting the intramolecular rotation and subsequently suppressing the nonradiative deactivation. The excited–state processes were further elucidated through time-resolved fluorescence measurements. TGHB exhibited turn on-off fluorescence upon exposure to acid /base vapor in the form of powder as well as transparent, free-standing thin film. A rewritable and erasable fluorescent platform was demonstrated using TGHB as molecular ink, which offers a potential testbed for performing multiple times ‘write-erase-write’ cycles. In addition, TGHB, possessing multiple binding sites (O and N donors) involving the central core of triaminoguanidinium cation, displayed selective turn-on fluorescence with Zn2+. The structure-property relationship revealed in the present study provides insight towards the development of novel cost-effective multifunctional materials promising for stimuli-responsive molecular switches.
关键词： molecular ink,thin film,ESIPT,multifunctional,solid-state emission,fluorescence switching
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Recent Advances in Multifunctional Sensing Technology on a Perspective of Multi-Sensor System: A Review
摘要： Due to rapid advancement in technology, recently a significant amount of work has been carried out in the field of multi-mode sensor and multifunctional sensor. A single unit of multifunctional sensor provides multiple measurements which eventually reduces the cost of multiple sensors and makes the system compact. Though the risk of sensor failure and reliability of the multifunctional sensor is always imminent, researchers are working out different methods to make the sensor fault tolerant. Multifunctional sensor are getting widespread acceptance in variety of fields. This paper provides a review of recent advances in multifunctional sensor technology in the perspective of multi-sensor system. Different aspects of design and implementation of multifunctional sensor technology has been addressed in this paper. This paper can serve as a basic reading material for students and researchers pursuing research on multifunctional sensor.
关键词： Multi-Mode Sensor,Multi-sensor system,Multifunctional Sensor
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Multifunctional Fluorescent Inhibitors with Synergistic Interaction of PSMA and Hypoxia for Prostate Cancer
摘要： Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is widely known that prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed in prostate cancer, and hypoxia is a common characteristic of many solid tumors, including prostate cancer. In this study, we designed multifunctional fluorescent inhibitors to target PSMA and tumor hypoxia in order to increase the tumor uptake of inhibitors. Novel PSMA inhibitors were prepared using lysine as the backbone to connect three different functional groups: the glutamate-urea-lysine (GUL) structure for inhibiting PSMA, 2-nitroimidazole for the hypoxia-sensitive moiety, and a near-infrared fluorophore (sulfo-Cyanine 5.5). According to the in vitro PSMA binding assay, novel fluorescent inhibitors were demonstrated to have nanomolar binding affinities. Multifunctional inhibitor 2 with one 2-nitroimidazole had a similar inhibitory activity to inhibitor 1 that did not contain the hypoxia targeting moiety, but multifunctional inhibitor 3 with two 2-nitroimidazoles showed lower inhibitory activity than inhibitor 1 due to the bulky structure of the hypoxia-sensitive group. However, in vivo optical imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies indicated that both multifunctional inhibitors 2 and 3 had higher accumulation in tumors than inhibitor 1 due to a synergistic combination of PSMA and hypoxia targeting moieties. These observations suggest that this novel multifunctional strategy might be a promising approach to improve the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer.
关键词： multifunctional inhibitors,hypoxia,near-infrared fluorophore,Prostate cancer,2-nitroimidazole,PSMA
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Via Surface Passivation by a Multifunctional Small Organic Ionic Compound
摘要： Surface passivation is a proven strategy for preparing high efficiency planar perovskite solar cells. Herein, we report an effective surface passivation strategy using the multifunctional small organic ionic compound 1-Ethylpyridinium chloride (EPC) in combination with (FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05. It is found that the nitrogen atom in the pyridine group forms chemical bonds with under-coordinated lead ions in the perovskite film whereby the defect density is significantly reduced. The organic groups, including ethyl and pyridine, furthermore provide higher hydrophobicity for improved moisture stability. Finally, the chlorine anions were also found to play an important role in the defect passivation while further improving the perovskite crystallinity. Detailed theoretical study confirms that the EPC is indeed a good passivation agent for multiple defects. As a result, the power conversion efficiency is increased from 19.52% to as high as 21.19% via the EPC passivation and the devices show reduced hysteresis and increased stability.
关键词： 1-Ethylpyridinium chloride,surface passivation,multifunctional,perovskite solar cell,small organic ionic compound
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Extremely Soft, Conductive, and Transparent Ionic Gels by 3D Optical Printing
摘要： A series of 3D printable multifunctional ionic gels (IGs) are developed incorporating ionic liquid (IL) in the thiol–ene network of thiol-based end-crosslinker and acrylate monomers. The resulted gels, termed as thiol-ionic gels (T-IGs), are highly transparent and very soft with IL content of 70–85 wt%. The mechanical and conductive properties of the T-IGs are found to be largely dependent on the IL content, end-crosslinker functionalities, and chain-length of monomers. Progression of ionic conductivity is observed with an increase in IL content and conductivity as high as 5.40 mS cm?1 is attained for longer acrylate group containing T-IGs at room temperature, while further increase is observed at elevated temperature. T-IGs in all systems are found to exhibit superior thermal stability. Three-dimensional fabrication of these functional T-IGs is achieved by optical 3D printing process with microscale resolution in facile steps.
关键词： multifunctional ionic gels,3D printing,thiol–ene reaction,ionic liquids
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01