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The influence of educational measures and low-level laser phototherapy on temporomandibular disorders
摘要： Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with low-power laser is used for pain relief in several clinical conditions, including temporomandibular disorders (TMD). As musculoskeletal pain often produces changes in motor behavior, it is common for patients with TMD to present limited mandibular movements. To the date, there is no consensus about the optimal dosimetric parameters of PMBT for TMD. This randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial aims to evaluate pain relief and mandibular mobility in patients with TMD following treatments with 2 laser wavelengths, red (660 nm) and infrared (808 nm) individually and in combination as compared to a placebo treatment. One-hundred participants presenting myalgia and arthralgia, with disk displacement or not, will be selected based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. All participants will be instructed about the etiology, prognosis, and self-care techniques for pain control on TMD, and followed up for 2 weeks. After this period, those who still present pain score over 4 in a visual analog scale (VAS) will be included in the study. Participants will be randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: G1 = placebo (SHAM); G2 = PBMT with red laser (660 nm, 0.034 cm2, 88 J/cm2, 100 mW, 3 J/point); G3 = PBMT with infrared laser (808 nm, 0.034 cm2, 88 J/cm2, 100 mW, 3 J/point); and G4 = PBMT with red and infrared laser alternated between sessions. The treatment consists of 8 sessions, 2 times a week. The effect of the proposed therapies will be measured by: pain reduction in VAS; pressure pain threshold on TMJ, masseter and temporal muscles; and the amplitude of mandibular movements (opening, protrusion, and right and left lateral movements). The data will be collected at the following times: initial (T1), after the 1st treatment session (T2), at the end of treatment (T3), and 30 days after the last PBMT session (T4). For statistical analysis will be used 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance test, complemented by a post hoc Tukey test (P < .05).
关键词： pain pressure threshold,multiple wavelengths,temporomandibular disorder,low-level laser therapy,orofacial pain,phototherapy,mandibular function,counseling
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Dual-color near-field imaging by means of thin-film plasmonic waveguide with precise beam control of multiple wavelengths
摘要： We describe an improved optical beam control technique combined with a waveguide probe for imaging optical near-field using multiple wavelengths. The beam control technique varies the incident angle of pseudocollimated beams whose spot diameter is ～10 μm such that it is equal to an arbitrary angle with ～0.03○ precision and the beam position to ～0.1 μm precision. This helps resonantly excite surface plasmons using visible 660 nm and near-infrared 850 nm on an ～10 μm width three-dimensional microwaveguide. We demonstrate the operation of this system by imaging the optical near-field and capturing the interference of surface plasmons in a gold microstructure. This system achieved dual-color imaging of the optical near-field of different modulation frequencies with submicrometer lateral spatial resolution.
关键词： surface plasmons,optical beam control,multiple wavelengths,dual-color imaging,submicrometer lateral spatial resolution,waveguide probe
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22