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Triple-Junction Optoelectronic Sensor with Nanophotonic Layer Integration for Single Molecule Level Decoding
摘要： Interest in developing a rapid and robust DNA sequencing platform has surged over the past decade. Various next-/third-generation sequencing mechanisms have been employed to replace the traditional Sanger sequencing method. In sequencing by synthesis (SBS), a signal is monitored by a scanning charge-coupled device (CCD) to identify thousands to millions of incorporated dNTPs with distinctive fluorophores on a chip. Because one reaction site usually occupies dozens of pixels on a CCD detector, a bottleneck related to the bandwidth of CCD imaging limits the throughputs of the sequencing performance and causes tradeoffs among speed, accuracy, read length, and the numbers of reaction sites in parallel. Thus, current research aims to align one reaction site to a few pixels by directly stacking nanophotonic layers (NPLs) onto a CMOS detector to minimize the size of the sequencing platforms and accelerate the processing procedures. This article reports a custom integrated optoelectronic device based on a triple-junction photodiode (TPD) CMOS sensor in conjunction with NPL integration for real-time illumination and detection of fluorescent molecules.
关键词： planar waveguide,nanophotonic layer,CMOS,triple-junction photodiode (TPD),filter,grating
更新于2025-11-25 10:30:42
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Real Time Monitoring of a UV Light-Assisted Biofunctionalization Protocol Using a Nanophotonic Biosensor
摘要： A protocol for the covalent biofunctionalization of silicon-based biosensors using a UV light-induced thiol–ene coupling (TEC) reaction has been developed. This biofunctionalization approach has been used to immobilize half antibodies (hIgG), which have been obtained by means of a tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) reduction at the hinge region, to the surface of a vinyl-activated silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonic sensing chip. The response of the sensing structures within the nanophotonic chip was monitored in real time during the biofunctionalization process, which has allowed us to confirm that the bioconjugation of the thiol-terminated bioreceptors onto the vinyl-activated sensing surface is only initiated upon UV light photocatalysis.
关键词： UV light photocatalysis,biofunctionalization,silicon on insulator,nanophotonic sensor,half antibodies
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Nanophotonic energy storage in upconversion nanoparticles
摘要： In nanophotonic energy storage, an energy conversion model is established for intrinsic nanophotonic energy storage (NPES) effects. Here we realize that the charge inhomogeneous distribution on the surface of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) would persistently exist as well as the formation and migration of surface defects states despite of the compound component ratio, even following the stringent stoichiometric ratio. Our preliminary efforts on NPES effect has recognized from the recent published work [Nature 561, 88 (2018)], which the surface quantum confinement arose because of a recently found surface vacancy induced Coulomb states (SVIC) states. Further in-depth excavation on surface charge density distributions and defect orbitals of surface localized electronics and holes have affirmatively repeated the Guerra’s theory [Nature 554, 346 (2018)] and reflected the existence of surface defect states in both stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric compounds. Therefore, beyond the experimental trail-based multi-doping chemical modifications, we proposed the surface electronic process for efficient NPES effect can be modulated by an intrinsic level-matching induced surface resonant quantum tunneling (LM-SRQT) in this work. The UCNP size-effect can be confirmed that simply might be not an influencing factor of dominating NPES effect while the surface degree of non-crystallizations indeed matters.
关键词： level-matching induced surface resonant quantum tunneling (LM-SRQT),surface vacancy induced Coulomb states (SVIC) states,nano energy,nanophotonic energy storage (NPES),electron-transfer surface mechanism
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:21
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Enabling selective absorption in perovskite solar cells for refractometric sensing of gases
摘要： perovskite solar cells are currently considered a promising technology for solar energy harvesting. their capability to deliver an electrical signal when illuminated can sense changes in environmental parameters. We have numerically analyzed the variation of the current delivered by a perovskite cell as a function of the index of refraction of air, that is in contact with the front surface of the cell. This calculation identifies which geometrical and material structures enhance this behavior. After replacing the top transparent electrode of a solar cell by an optimized subwavelength metallic grating, we find a large variation in the responsivity of the cell with respect to the change in the index of refraction of the surrounding medium. Such a refractometric sensor can be interrogated electronically, avoiding the cumbersome set-ups of spectral or angular interrogation methods. We present an adaptation of the performance parameters of refractometric sensors (sensitivity and figure of merit) to the case of opto-electronic interrogation methods. the values of sensitivity and figure of Merit are promising for the development of refractometric perovskite-based sensors.
关键词： gas sensing,optical sensor,perovskite solar cells,nanophotonic structures,refractometric sensing
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Modeling Electrical Switching of Nonvolatile Phase-Change Integrated Nanophotonic Structures with Graphene Heaters
摘要： Progress in integrated nanophotonics has enabled large-scale programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for general-purpose electronic-photonic systems on a chip. Relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effects, such systems usually exhibit limited reconfigurability along with high energy consumption and large footprints. These challenges can be addressed by resorting to chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) such as Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) that provide substantial optical contrast in a self-holding fashion upon phase transitions. However, current PCM-based integrated photonic applications are limited to single devices or simple PICs due to the poor scalability of the optical or electrical self-heating actuation approaches. Thermal-conduction heating via external electrical heaters, instead, allows large-scale integration and large-area switching, but fast and energy-efficient electrical control is yet to show. Here, we model electrical switching of GST-clad integrated nanophotonic structures with graphene heaters based on the programmable GST-on-silicon platform. Thanks to the ultra-low heat capacity and high in-plane thermal conductivity of graphene, the proposed structures exhibit a high switching speed of ~80 MHz and high energy efficiency of 19.2 aJ/nm3 (6.6 aJ/nm3) for crystallization (amorphization) while achieving complete phase transitions to ensure strong attenuation (~6.46 dB/μm) and optical phase (~0.28 π/μm at 1550 nm) modulation. Compared with indium tin oxide and silicon p-i-n heaters, the structures with graphene heaters display two orders of magnitude higher figure of merits for heating and overall performance. Our work facilitates the analysis and understanding of the thermal-conduction heating-enabled phase transitions on PICs and supports the development of the future large-scale PCM-based electronic-photonic systems.
关键词： graphene,nonvolatile,reconfigurable photonics,phase-change materials,silicon photonics,integrated nanophotonic structures
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Enhancement of the optical gain in GaAs nanocylinders for nanophotonic applications
摘要： Semiconductor nanolasers based on microdisks, photonic crystal cavities, and metallo-dielectric nanocavities have been studied during the last few decades for on-chip light source applications. However, practical realization of low threshold, room temperature semiconductor nanolasers is still a challenge due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of the nanostructures, which results in low optical gain and hence higher lasing threshold. Furthermore, the gain in nanostructures is an important parameter for designing all-dielectric metamaterial-based active applications. Here, we investigate the impact of p-type doping, compressive strain, and surface recombination on the gain spectrum and the spatial distribution of carriers in GaAs nanocylinders. Our analysis reveals that the lasing threshold can be lowered by choosing the right doping concentration in the active III–V material combined with compressive strain. This combination of strain and p-type doping shows 100× improvement in gain and approximately five times increase in modulation bandwidth for high-speed operation.
关键词： surface recombination,optical gain,compressive strain,GaAs nanocylinders,nanophotonic applications,p-type doping
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Strong Coupling of Two Individually Controlled Atoms via a Nanophotonic Cavity
摘要： We demonstrate photon-mediated interactions between two individually trapped atoms coupled to a nanophotonic cavity. Specifically, we observe collective enhancement when the atoms are resonant with the cavity and level repulsion when the cavity is coupled to the atoms in the dispersive regime. Our approach makes use of individual control over the internal states of the atoms and their position with respect to the cavity mode, as well as the light shifts to tune atomic transitions individually, allowing us to directly observe the anticrossing of the bright and dark two-atom states. These observations open the door for realizing quantum networks and studying quantum many-body physics based on atom arrays coupled to nanophotonic devices.
关键词： collective enhancement,quantum networks,photon-mediated interactions,level repulsion,quantum many-body physics,nanophotonic cavity
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Light Harvesting at Oblique Incidence Decoupled from Transmission in Organic Solar Cells Exhibiting 9.8% Efficiency and 50% Visible Light Transparency
摘要： For many years, it has been recognized that potential organic photovoltaic cells must be integrated into elements requiring high transparency. In most of such elements, sunlight is likely to be incident at large angles. Here it is demonstrated that light transmission can be largely decoupled from harvesting by optically tailoring an infrared shifted nonfullerene acceptor based organic cell architecture. A 9.67% power conversion efficiency at 50° incidence is achieved together with an average visual transmission above 50% at normal incidence. The deconstruction of a 1D nanophotonic structure is implemented to conclude that just two λ/4 thick layers are essential to reach, for a wide incidence angle range, a higher than 50% efficiency increase relative to the standard configuration reference. In an outdoor measurement of vertically positioned 50% visible transparent cells, it is demonstrated that 9.80% of sunlight energy can be converted into electricity during the course of 1 day.
关键词： transparent solar cells,near-infrared ternary blends,1-D nanophotonic structures,optical trapping,oblique incidence
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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[IEEE 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - Huangshan, China (2019.8.5-2019.8.8)] 2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN) - On-demand design of nanophotonic gratings using artificial neural network
摘要： The design of nanophotonic structures relies on solving the Maxwell’s equation and sweeping parameters in order to obtain the desired properties. The inverse problem, the retrieval of the appropriate parameters from the required electromagnetic responses, remains challenging and time consuming. Here we report on-demand design of photonic gratings using a recurrent neural network. By using back propagation neural network model, we show that a nanophotonic grating can be designed and optimized with predesignated responses. We expect this work will advance the applications of deep learning algorithms in the design of nanophotonic devices.
关键词： nanophotonic structures,nanophotonic grating,back propagation neural network
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting - Atlanta, GA, USA (2019.7.7-2019.7.12)] 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting - Slow light at the nanoscale based on active epsilon-near-zero plasmonic waveguides
摘要： Plasmonic waveguides exhibit an effective epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) response at their cut-off frequency. In this work, we demonstrate the formation of an exceptional point (EP) in a nanoscale open and lossy (non-Hermitian) nanophotonic system consisting of an array of periodic nanowaveguides loaded with a very low gain coefficient material. We theoretically analyze the obtained EP, as well as its topological properties, by using a transmission-line model adapted to the plasmonic properties of the proposed device. The dispersion of the active ENZ mode and the group velocity are thoroughly investigated. Reflectionless transmission (perfect loss compensation) and ultraslow group velocity values at the nanoscale are realized at the EP, which coincides with the ENZ cut-off frequency of the proposed plasmonic system. This special spectral degeneracy (EP) is a unique feature of the presented nanoscale symmetric plasmonic ENZ configuration, different from most of the previous works that were mainly focused on asymmetric bulky micron-scale active photonic configurations.
关键词： Plasmonic waveguides,epsilon-near-zero (ENZ),non-Hermitian,exceptional point (EP),group velocity,nanophotonic system
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52