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Composite Interlayer Consisting of Alcohol-Soluble Polyfluorene and Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
摘要： We report the synthesis of composite interlayers using alcohol-soluble polyfluorene (ASP)-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their application as electron transport layers for efficient organic solar cells. The ASP enables the individual dispersion of SWNTs in solution. The ASP-wrapped SWNT solutions are stable for 54 days without any aggregation or precipitation, indicating their very high dispersion stability. Using the ASP-wrapped SWNTs as a cathode interlayer on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), a power conversion efficiency of 9.45% is obtained in PTB7-th:PC71BM-based organic solar cells, which is mainly attributed to the improvement in the short circuit current. Performance enhancements of 18% and 17% are achieved compared to those of pure ZnO NPs and ASP on ZnO NPs, respectively. In addition, the composite interlayer is applied to non-fullerene-based photovoltaics with PM6:Y6, resulting in the PCE up to 14.37%. The type of SWNT (e.g., in terms of diameter range and length) is not critical to the improvement in the charge-transport properties. A low density of SWNTs in the film (~1 SWNTs/μm2 for ASP-wrapped SWNTs) has a significant influence on the charge transport in solar cells. The improvement in the performance of the solar cell is attributed to the increased internal quantum efficiency, balanced mobility between electrons and holes, and minimized charge recombination.
关键词： interfacial layers,alcohol-soluble polyfluorene,interlayers,organic solar cells,conjugated polyelectrolytes,Carbon nanotubes,electron transport layers,composites
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Liquid-Crystal Phase Optimization Using the Alignment Relay Technique for the Deposition of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
摘要： The alignment and sorting of carbon nanotubes constitutes a challenging and industrially significant field of research. We have recently created a technique to simultaneously align and sort single-walled carbon nanotubes on a surface through the use of a specially designed organic thin film. This alignment relay technique can be intelligently altered to judiciously target key parameters of nanotube deposition including density, alignment, and length. Here, we demonstrate that by simply altering the nature of the liquid crystal used the average length of the nanotubes can be decreased by half while increasing the density 3-fold, with minimal impact on the diameter sorting.
关键词： liquid crystals,molecular chemistry,iptycenes,surface chemistry,carbon nanotubes
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/BiPO <sub/>4</sub> /BiOI Heterostructure Composite Photoelectrochemical Sensor in Detection of Salicylic Acid
摘要： In this work, BiOI, BiPO4, BiPO4/BiOI (M) and MWCNT/BiPO4/BiOI(MWCNT/M) heterostructure were synthesized through hydrothermal methods and served the function of fabricating photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for detection of Salicylic acid (SA). MWCNT covered with BiPO4/BiOI were observed with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under visible light excitation, the low detection limit of 0.55 μM and working range of 1–320 μM and 480–3840 μM were obtained at the MWCNT/M/ITO. Moreover, it has excellent reproducibility and long-term stability. Meanwhile, results suggest that MWCNT/M developed herein offers a promising platform for the ultrasensitive detection of SA.
关键词： Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,BiPO4/BiOI Heterostructure,Photoelectrochemical Sensor,Salicylic Acid
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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TiO2 nanotubes modified with polydopamine and graphene quantum dots as a photochemical biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of glucose
摘要： Rapid and sensitive detection of glucose concentrations is very important for human health. Herein, an ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical dual-electron-acceptor biosensor was constructed by modifying the TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) with polydopamine (PDA) and amino-functionalized graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs)/GOx. PDA is grown on the top of the TiO2 NTs by the electropolymerization, and N-GQDs are loaded into the inner of the TiO2 NTs by a microwave-assisted method. The TiO2 NTs/PDA/N-GQD dual-electron-acceptor biosensor exhibited a highly enhanced photoelectric response, excellent electron–hole separation efficiency, low detection limit (0.015 mM), wide linear range (0–11 mM) and ultrahigh sensitivity (13.6 lA mM-1 cm-2). The prepared biosensor reflected high selectivity and excellent stability. This work also provides new insights into other optoelectronic biosensors.
关键词： photochemical biosensor,polydopamine,graphene quantum dots,TiO2 nanotubes,glucose detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Light-Induced Sulfur Transport inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
摘要： Filling of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and extraction of the encapsulated species from their cavities are perspective treatments for tuning the functional properties of SWCNT-based materials. Here, we have investigated sulfur-modified SWCNTs synthesized by the ampoule method. The morphology and chemical states of carbon and sulfur were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies. Successful encapsulation of sulfur inside SWCNTs cavities was demonstrated. The peculiarities of interactions of SWCNTs with encapsulated and external sulfur species were analyzed in details. In particular, the donor–acceptor interaction between encapsulated sulfur and host SWCNT is experimentally demonstrated. The sulfur-filled SWCNTs were continuously irradiated in situ with polychromatic photon beam of high intensity. Comparison of X-ray spectra of the samples before and after the treatment revealed sulfur transport from the interior to the surface of SWCNTs bundles, in particular extraction of sulfur from the SWCNT cavity. These results show that the moderate heating of filled nanotubes could be used to de-encapsulate the guest species tuning the local composition, and hence, the functional properties of SWCNT-based materials.
关键词： X-Ray spectroscopy,encapsulation,illumination,single-walled carbon nanotubes,sulfur,de-encapsulation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Experimental observation of bound states of Q-switched fiber lasers mode-locked by carbon nanotubes
摘要： We demonstrate the experimental observation of bound states of Q-switched lasers mode-locked by carbon nanotubes. When bound states of Q-switched mode-locked lasers are formed, the Fourier transformation results into multiwavelength spectrum due to the small temporal interval induced by polarization controller. We find that the wavelength spacing is highly sensitive to pump power. A wavelength spacing tuning from ~0.057 nm to 1.569 nm with a pump power variation less than 4 mW is obtained. The wavelength spacing is also highly sensitive to the nonlinear phase induced by polarization controller. These findings enrich our understanding about the complex dynamics of the Q-switched mode-locked lasers.
关键词： carbon nanotubes,bound states,mode-locked,nonlinear phase,Q-switched fiber lasers
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Mechanism of formation of titanium dioxide crystallites in the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with magnesium hydrosilicate nanotubes
摘要： Explored herein is the first cycle of atomic layer deposition of titanium dioxide from titanium tetrachloride and water vapours on the nanotubular magnesium hydrosilicate Mg3Si2O5(OH)4, a synthetic analogue of chrysotile. The structure and morphology of the products are characterised by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption measurements. A side reaction between chrysotile and hydrogen chloride is followed by in situ gravimetry. At 150 °C, titanium tetrachloride chemisorption is shown to produce a monomolecular layer of titanium–chlorine groups on the surface of the chrysotile nanotube preserving its original crystal structure. By contrast, at higher temperatures, 300–400 °C, the process is complicated by a secondary interaction including dehydroxylation of the substrate and a reaction of released water with titanium tetrachloride to form titanium dioxide crystallites in the free space between nanotubes. Structural transformations of chrysotile lowering its thermal stability and leading to its dehydroxylation are caused by the action of hydrogen chloride, a by-product of titanium tetrachloride chemisorption and titanium dioxide formation.
关键词： Atomic layer deposition,Reaction front advance,Titanium tetrachloride,Hydrogen chloride,Chrysotile (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) nanotubes
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Bromine‐Induced Defects in Anion‐Deficient Zinc Oxide as Stable Photocatalysis Promoters
摘要： The physico-chemical properties and photocatalytic performance stability of bromine doped zinc oxide is compared with that of undoped zinc oxide system. Interstitially located bromine induced defects turning to photocatalytic promoter is a rarely studied, but relevant area. Here, high yield one-pot synthesis with cost-effective and straightforward method is adopted for the synthesis. A detailed study on the physico-chemical properties of the prepared photocatalyst materials is done following advanced methodologies. Surface modification of anion deficient zinc oxide in presence of bromine is confirmed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This study highlights the synergetic effect attained through Br induced defects with anion deficiencies in ZnO by fine tuning the level of doping. Plausible photocatalytic mechanism for water purification employing efficient electron-hole separation due to interstitially located bromine and anion deficiency in ZnO is proposed. Bromine doped ZnO photocatalyst showed complete degradation of methylene blue (20 ppm) within a short period of time compared to pristine ZnO.
关键词： Bromine,Nanotubes,Surface Chemistry,Photocatalysis,ZnO
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Machine Learning Identification of the Sensing Descriptors Relevant in Molecular Interactions with Metal Nanoparticle-Decorated Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors
摘要： Carbon nanotube-based field-effect transistors (NTFETs) are ideal sensor devices as they provide rich information regarding carbon nanotube interactions with target analytes and have potential for miniaturization in diverse applications in medical, safety, environmental, and energy sectors. Herein, we investigate chemical detection with cross-sensitive NTFETs sensor arrays comprised of metal nanoparticle-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). By combining analysis of NTFET device characteristics with supervised machine learning algorithms, we have successfully discriminated among five selected purine compounds – adenine, guanine, xanthine, uric acid, and caffeine. Interactions of purine compounds with metal nanoparticle-decorated SWCNTs were corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, by testing a variety of prepared, as well as commercial solutions with and without caffeine, our approach accurately discerns the presence of caffeine in 95% of the samples with 48 features using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and in 93.4% of the samples with only 11 features when using a support vector machine (SVM) analysis. We also performed recursive feature elimination and identified three NTFET parameters – transconductance, threshold voltage, and minimum conductance – as the most crucial features to analyte prediction accuracy.
关键词： support vector machine,linear discriminant analysis,sensor arrays,graphene,carbon nanotubes
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The technique of visualization and evaluation of the emission site distribution for large area field emitters
摘要： This paper presents a method for online treatment of the distribution pattern of emission sites on the emitter surface, combined with a multichannel registration and processing system of the IVC. Using computerized field emission projector we have studied nanocomposite emitter based on carbon nanotubes "Taunit M" and polystyrene. The distribution pattern of emission sites over the brightness level was obtained as well as the emission area of the sample was determined. Time dependences of the current level, the total brightness and the emission area were registered.
关键词： field emission,emission area,emission sites distribution,carbon nanotubes,nanocomposite emitter
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57