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- 摘要
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- 实验方案
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Practical methodology for <i>in situ</i> measurement of micro flow rates using laser diode absorption sensors
摘要： A laser diode-based flowmeter based on the infrared absorption method that can measure in situ micro flow rates from 0.2 to 20 ml h?1 was developed. A 1450 nm laser absorbed in water was irradiated to form a heated spot at 0 mm, and the temperature was measured upstream and downstream of the heated spot. The flow rate was measured by the temperature difference obtained by two diode lasers and photodetectors upstream and downstream of the heated spot. We measured the temperature profile of the flow rate by changing the temperature measurement position and the heating laser energy upstream and downstream of the heated spot, and compared the measurements with the simulation results. As the flow rate increased, the temperature profile shifted downstream, and the measured temperature upstream and downstream were analyzed according to the flow rate. The flow measurement range was adjusted according to the temperature measurement position. Increasing the energy of the heating laser also improved the measurement accuracy in the lower flow range. The developed flowmeter was calibrated by the gravimetric method, and the deviation and measurement uncertainty according to the flow rate were obtained. The maximum measurement uncertainty was 6.8% at a 1 ml h?1 flow rate, and the minimum measurement uncertainty was 1.78% at 8 ml h?1. Thus, it was confirmed that the flow rate can be measured through the temperature difference gauged using a simple diode laser set. Using the laser diode-based flowmeter developed in this study, one can measure the flow rate in situ without injecting contaminants, such as particles, for measurements without cutting the piping. In addition, it can be manufactured in a miniaturized form at a low cost, and thus, it can be used for multi-drug infusion analysis, semiconductor process monitoring, etc.
关键词： near infrared absorption,diode laser,micro flow rate,thermal mass flowmeter
更新于2025-11-25 10:30:42
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Nanogold-core Multifunctional Dendrimer for Pulsatile Chemo-, Photothermal- and Photodynamic- Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis
摘要： This investigation reports a novel nanoGold-core multifunctional dendrimer for pulsatile chemo-, photothermal- and photodynamic- therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Architecturally, the nanocomposites comprised of a nanoGold (Au) at the focal whose surface is functionalized by hydroxy-terminated thiolated-dendrons following Au-thiol bond formation to produce nanoGold-core multifunctional dendrimer (Au-DEN). The surface hydroxyl groups of Au-DEN were then conjugated with methotrexate (MTX; a disease-modifying first line anti-rheumatic drug; DMARD; 74.29±0.48 % loading) to form Au-DEN-MTX-NPs (Particle size: 100.15±28.36 nm; poly dispersibility index, PDI: 0.39±0.02; surface zeta potential, ζ: -22.45±1.06 mV). MTX was strategically selected to serve as an anti-rheumatic DMARD as well as a targeting ligand to attain selective localization of the formulation in arthritic tissue via folate receptors upregulated on arthritic tissues. The docking study was performed to confirm the viable binding efficiency of MTX towards β-folate receptors that are overexpressed on arthritic tissues taking folic acid as a reference standard. The IR780, a NIR active bioactive was also loaded in Au-DEN-MTX NPs to offer photothermal benefit upon irradiation with NIR laser (wavelength: 808 nm). The hypothesis was tested by elucidation of in vitro drug release profile, photothermal activity, cellular uptake (Fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy; CLSM), cell viability assay (MTT protocol) and Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the hemolytic toxicity and stability studies were also investigated to determine the blood compatibility as well as ideal storage condition of NPs. The outcome of this investigations presents developed multifunctional targeted NPs to be potential therapeutics for the improved treatment of RA. The approach can also be applied to other clinical interventions involving countering inflammatory conditions.
关键词： Rheumatoid arthritis,NanoGold-core multifunctional dendrimer,Methotrexate,Photothermal,Near-infrared,Dendron
更新于2025-11-21 11:24:58
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Near-infrared upconversion–activated CRISPR-Cas9 system: A remote-controlled gene editing platform
摘要： As an RNA-guided nuclease, CRISPR-Cas9 offers facile and promising solutions to mediate genome modification with respect to versatility and high precision. However, spatiotemporal manipulation of CRISPR-Cas9 delivery remains a daunting challenge for robust effectuation of gene editing both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we designed a near-infrared (NIR) light–responsive nanocarrier of CRISPR-Cas9 for cancer therapeutics based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The UCNPs served as “nanotransducers” that can convert NIR light (980 nm) into local ultraviolet light for the cleavage of photosensitive molecules, thereby resulting in on-demand release of CRISPR-Cas9. In addition, by preparing a single guide RNA targeting a tumor gene (polo-like kinase-1), our strategies have successfully inhibited the proliferation of tumor cell via NIR light–activated gene editing both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this exogenously controlled method presents enormous potential for targeted gene editing in deep tissues and treatment of a myriad of diseases.
关键词： cancer therapeutics,upconversion nanoparticles,gene editing,CRISPR-Cas9,near-infrared
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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A novel near-infrared light responsive 4D printed nanoarchitecture with dynamically and remotely controllable transformation
摘要： Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an emerging and highly innovative additive manufacturing process by which to fabricate pre-designed, self-assembly structures with the ability to transform over time. However, one of the critical challenges of 4D printing is the lack of advanced 4D printing systems that not only meet all the essential requirements of shape change but also possess smart, dynamic capabilities to spatiotemporally and instantly control the shape-transformation process. Here, we present a facile 4D printing platform which incorporates nanomaterials into the conventional stimuli-responsive polymer, allowing the 4D printed object to achieve a dynamic and remote controlled, on-time and position shape transformation. A proof-of-concept 4D printed brain model was created using near-infrared light (NIR) responsive nanocomposite to evaluate the capacity for controllable 4D transformation, and the feasibility of photothermal stimulation for modulating neural stem cell behaviors. This novel 4D printing strategy can not only be used to create dynamic 3D patterned biological structures that can spatiotemporally control their shapes or behaviors of transformation under a human benign stimulus (NIR), but can also provide a potential method for building complex self-morphing objects for widespread applications.
关键词： brain,4D printing,dynamically and remotely controllable,neural stem cell,near-infrared light responsive,graphene
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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A near-infrared BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for ratiometric and discriminative detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in living cells
摘要： A near-infrared distyryl boron dipyrromethene-based sensor bearing one bis(1,2,3-triazole)amino receptor has been synthesized. This probe selectively and quickly binds to Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in CH3CN/H2O (5:1 v/v) and exhibits remarkably blue-shifted absorption and fluorescence bands due to the inhibition of the intramolecular charge transfer process. The fluorescence changes of this probe upon binding to Hg2+ or Cu2+ ion are totally different, undergoing a ratiometric fluorescence enhancement (for Hg2+) or a fluorescence quenching (for Cu2+) mechanism. The corresponding vivid color changes can be easily seen by the naked eye. This probe was further introduced into Hela cells for living cell imaging and found to discriminate Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions through two near-infrared fluorescence emission channels. These overall results indicate that this Click-derived near-infrared BODIPY-based probe is potentially useful for ratiometric and discriminative detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions in solutions and living cells.
关键词： Discriminative detection,Ratiometric,Hg2+ and Cu2+ sensor,Near-infrared,BODIPY
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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A Near Infrared-Modulated Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Stabilization of Indocyanine Green and Combinatorial Anticancer Phototherapy
摘要： Indocyanine green (ICG), a multifunctional near-infrared (NIR) imaging agent approved by the FDA, has been extensively used in clinical cancer theranosis, but limited by its inherent instability, short plasma half-life and lack of targeting ability. Herein, an in situ formed photothermal network based thermosensitive hydrogel (PNT-gel) constructed by supramolecular cross-linking conjugated polymers was developed for stabilization of ICG and efficient combinatorial photothermal/photodynamic antitumor therapy. While the conjugated polymeric backbone in PNT-gel anchored the aromatic phototherapeutic agent ICG via π–π stacking interactions to avoid premature leakage, it also directly converted low-dose NIR light to induce localized hyperthermia to enhance the photothermal effect. The PNT-gel shows a reversible gel-to-sol upper critical solution temperature (UCST) that is slightly above the body temperature. Therefore, the controlled release of ICG was switched on or off by NIR via photothermal-induced gel-sol transition. In vitro and in vivo antitumor experiments demonstrated that ICG loaded PNT-gel not only efficiently induced the killing of 4T1 cancer cells, but also achieved almost complete eradication of 4T1 cells by one-dose in combinatorial photothermal/photodynamic therapy under irradiation of a low-dose 808 nm laser (0.14 W cm-2). Additionally, the combinational therapy proved to enhance the effectiveness of photodestruction without tumor recurrence compared with intratumoral injection photothermal therapy (PTT) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment alone.
关键词： Near Infrared-Modulated Thermosensitive Hydrogel,Combinatorial Anticancer Phototherapy,Indocyanine Green,Photodynamic Therapy,Photothermal Therapy
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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Selective Detection of Trinitrophenol by Amphiphilic Dimethylaminopyridine-Appended Zn(II)phthalocyanines at the Near-Infrared Region
摘要： Novel amphiphilic Zn(II)phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) peripherally substituted with four and eight dimethylaminopyridinium units (ZnPc1 and ZnPc2) were synthesized by cyclotetramerization of the corresponding phthalonitriles. The effect of aggregation and photophysical (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) and photochemical (singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation under light irradiation) properties was investigated. The chemosensing ability of ZnPcs toward explosive nitroaromatic compounds was explored in aqueous medium. This study demonstrates that ZnPc1 and ZnPc2 show fluorescence quenching behavior upon interaction with different nitro analytes and show unprecedented selectivity toward 2,4,6-trinitrophenol with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7?1.1 ppm with a high quenching rate constant (Ksv) of 1.6?2.02 × 105. The near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence in thin films was quenched efficiently because of the photoinduced electron-transfer process through strong intermolecular π?π and electrostatic interactions. The sensing process is highly reversible and free from the interference of other commonly encountered nitro analytes. Further, experiments were performed to demonstrate the use of ZnPcs as efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts in the reduction of nitro explosives. The smart dual performance of multicharged ZnPcs in aqueous media quantifies them as attractive candidates in developing sensor materials at the NIR region and to possibly convert the toxic explosives into useful scaffolds. These results provide an interesting perspective toward elaboration of stable fluorescent systems for the selective sensing behavior of nitro explosives and their facile heterogeneous catalytic behavior in the reduction reactions.
关键词： trinitrophenol,photocatalysis,explosive detection,near-infrared,fluorescence quenching,dimethylaminopyridinium,Zn(II)phthalocyanines
更新于2025-11-21 11:08:12
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A mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection of SO2 derivatives in living cells and in vivo
摘要： A new near-infrared (NIR) ?uorescent probe for colorimetric and ratiometric detection of SO2 derivatives was developed based on conjugated hybrid coumarin-hemicyanine. The probe can detect HSO3?/SO32? in HEPES bu?er (10 mM, pH 7.4, with 10% DMF, v/v) with a large emission shift (259 nm). Importantly, it was successfully used for ?uorescence imaging of endogenous bisul?te in BT-474 cells and zebra?sh.
关键词： Near-infrared ?uorescent probe,SO2 derivatives,Mitochondria-targeted,Ratiometric,Colorimetric
更新于2025-11-19 16:56:35
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Peptide Conjugated CuS Nanocomposites for NIR Triggered Ablation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm
摘要： The Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one famous bacterial strain owing to its ability to effectively form biofilms, which is a front-line mechanism of bacterial tolerance. Herein, the near-infrared-induced nanocomposites were one-step prepared by modifying copper sulfide nanoparticle with peptide to effectively eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm through electrostatic interaction, photodynamic effect and photothermal effect. These nanocomposites could rapidly adhere to the surface of bacteria, and irreversible damage the bacterial membrane under near-infrared laser irradiation. Furthermore, the nanocomposites could selectively eliminate bacteria over mammalian cell without distinct toxicity to NIH 3T3 cells. The nanocomposites will exert a far-reaching impact on the future design of biocompatible near-infrared-induced antibacterial agents, exhibiting its potential applications in Gram-negative bacteria and biofilm infections.
关键词： copper sulfide nanoparticles,near-infrared laser,Gram-negative bacterial biofilm,photothermal and photodynamic effect
更新于2025-11-14 17:03:37
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Broadband emission of single-phase Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Cr3+/Ln3+ (Ln = Nd, Yb, Ce) phosphors for novel solid-state light sources with visible to near-infrared light output
摘要： Novel single-component phosphors Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Cr3+/Ln3+ (CSS:Cr3+/Ln3+, Ln = Nd, Yb, Ce) with broadband near-infrared (NIR) emissions are synthesized. Their phase structure, photoluminescence properties and energy transfer between Cr3+ and Ln3+ ions are investigated. In the CSS host, Cr3+ ions occupy Sc3+ sites with low-field octahedral coordination, and thus show a broadband emission in 700-900 nm under the blue light excitation. Nd3+, Yb3+ and Ce3+ ions substitute Ca2+ sites in CSS, where Nd3+ and Yb3+ ions emit the NIR light in 900-1100 nm and their excitation efficiencies at ~450 nm are greatly enhanced by utilizing the energy transfer from Cr3+ to Nd3+/Yb3+ ions. Ce3+ ions can further enhance the absorption of CSS:Cr3+/Ln3+ phosphors to the blue light, and at the same time contribute to the visible emission in 480-650 nm. Furthermore, CSS:Cr3+/Ln3+ phosphors show good thermal stability, and approximately 79% of the initial emission intensity is sustained at 150 oC. A phosphor-converted LED (pc-LED) prototype is fabricated by integrating the as-prepared phosphor CSS:Cr3+/Ln3+ and the commercial phosphor CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ with the blue LED chip, showing a super broadband emission ranging from 450 to 1100 nm. This finding shows the potential application of CSS:Cr3+/Ln3+ phosphors in broadband NIR pc-LEDs or super broadband LED sources with visible to NIR light output.
关键词： Near-infrared,Phosphor-converted LEDs,Photoluminescence,Ca3Sc2Si3O12
更新于2025-11-14 15:28:36