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IGCS Intraoperative Technology Taskforce. Update on near infrared imaging technology: beyond white light and the naked eye, indocyanine green and near infrared technology in the treatment of gynecologic cancers
摘要： Surgery, by its very nature, relies on the ability of the surgeon to visualize and distinguish healthy and non-healthy tissue or structures. Without advanced technology, surgeons can visualize only that which can be seen with the naked eye or using white light imaging. Critical information on tissues, anatomical structures and physiological processes remain hidden and difficult to discern. Fluorescence imaging augments the basic surgical information. This form of imaging entails injecting a contrast or fluorescence agent (fluorophore) that is then illuminated by the appropriate wavelength of light required to excite the fluorophore. The excited fluorophore emits light of a slightly longer wavelength that is selectively imaged to produce a fluorescence image. The first fluorescent agent used in surgery was an intravenous injection of fluorescein, where it was used to enhance intracranial neoplasms. One particular imaging agent, indocyanine green, has been a significant driver of adoption of fluorescence imaging. Indocyanine green was first developed in 1955 by Kodak Research Laboratories and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1959 for retinal angiography. Since that time, this fluorophore has been used for a variety of surgical applications due to its unique properties: relative non-toxicity, depth of visualization through tissue, and remaining confined to intravascular and lymphatic spaces due to binding predominately to lipoproteins. The large depth of visualization results from the fluorescence properties of bound indocyanine green which is optimally excited with 805 nm light and emits over an approximate wavelength range from 810 nm to 875 nm. These near infrared wavelengths, invisible to the naked eye, pass through tissue particularly well due to the low adsorption of light by the various structures of tissue, such as hemoglobin and water. As a result, the tissue is relatively transparent to this light and images of structures as much as 5 mm below the tissue surface can be formed. By comparison, fluorescence imaging with fluorescein images only 2–3 mm below the tissue surface; thus subsurface structures cannot be imaged using visible fluorophores.
关键词： gynecologic cancers,fluorescence imaging,indocyanine green,near infrared imaging,surgical technology
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Establishment of optimal exercise therapy using near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring of tissue muscle oxygenation after therapeutic angiogenesis for patients with critical limb ischemia: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
摘要： Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a potentially life-threatening condition that involves severely reduced blood flow to the peripheral arteries due to arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of the limbs or a similar condition. CLI patients must undergo revascularization to avoid amputation of the lower limbs and improve their survival prognosis. However, the outcomes of conventional surgical revascularization or endovascular therapy are inadequate; therefore, establishing further effective treatment methods is an urgent task. We perform therapeutic angiogenesis using autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells in clinical practice and demonstrated its safety and efficacy for CLI patients for whom conventional treatments failed or are not indicated. Exercise therapies must be devised for CLI patients who have undergone therapeutic angiogenesis to save their limbs and improve survival. Because evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of exercise therapy for CLI patients is lacking, we plan to perform a prospective trial of the efficacy and safety of optimal exercise therapy following therapeutic angiogenesis for CLI patients.
关键词： Optimal exercise therapy,Critical limb ischemia,Near-infrared spectroscopy,Arteriosclerosis obliterans,Tissue muscle oxygen saturation,Therapeutic angiogenesis
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Highly Efficient Near-Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Chloride Treated CdTe/CdSe Type-II Quantum Dots
摘要： Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been considered as the most promising candidate of light sources for the new generation display and solid-state lighting applications. Especially, the performance of visible QLEDs based on II-VI quantum dots (QDs) has satisfied the requirements of the above applications. However, the lag far optoelectronic properties of the corresponding near-infrared (NIR) QLEDs still behind the visible ones. Here, we demonstrated the highly efficient NIR QLEDs based on chloride treated CdTe/CdSe type-II QDs. The maximum radiant emittance and peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased by 24.5 and 26.3%, up to 66 mW/cm2 and 7.2% for the corresponding devices based on the chloride treated CdTe/CdSe QDs with the PL peak located at 788 nm, respectively, compared with those of devices before chloride treatment. Remarkably, the EQE of > 5% can be sustained at the current density of 0.3–250 mA/cm2 after the chloride treatment. Compared with NIR LEDs based on transition metal complex, the efficiency roll-off has been suppressed to some extent for chloride treated CdTe/CdSe based NIR QLEDs. Based on the optimized conditions, the peak EQE of 7.4, 5.0, and 1.8% can be obtained for other devices based on chloride treated CdTe/CdSe with PL peak of 744, 852, and 910 nm, respectively. This improved performance can be mainly attributed to the chloride surface ligand that not only increases the carrier mobility and reduces the carrier accumulation, but also increases the probability of electron-hole radiative efficiency within QD layers.
关键词： QD,CdTe/CdSe,chloride,near-infrared,electroluminescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Room-temperature operation of near-infrared light-emitting diode based on Tm-doped GaN with ultra-stable emission wavelength
摘要： Near-infrared (NIR) light with a wavelength of 650–950 nm is used for various biomedical applications. Although NIR emitters are typically based on GaAs-related materials, they contain toxic elements, and the emission wavelength can easily shift during the device operation due to temperature changes and current injection levels. On the other hand, Tm3t, which is one of the rare-earth ions, can generate ultra-stable NIR luminescence with a wavelength of (cid:1)800 nm, based on 3H4 – 3H6 transitions in a 4f shell, and we have recently focused on Tm-doped GaN (GaN:Tm) based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as novel NIR emitters. In this paper, we present a demonstration of a NIR-LED based on GaN:Tm grown by the organometallic vapor phase epitaxy method with optimized growth conditions and structures, where the parasitic reaction is well suppressed. NIR luminescence from the GaN:Tm-based LED is derived from 3H4 – 3H6 transitions of Tm3t ions and consists of three dominant peaks at 795, 806, and 814 nm. The turn-on voltage of the NIR-LED is (cid:1)6:9 V, and it is significantly lower than the previously reported electroluminescent devices based on GaN:Tm with impact ionization processes. From a current dependence of the electroluminescence spectra and temperature-dependent photoluminescence for the NIR-LED, the peak shifts are determined to be ,7:6 pm/mA and (cid:1)1:3 pm/K, respectively.
关键词： Tm-doped GaN,ultra-stable emission wavelength,Near-infrared,organometallic vapor phase epitaxy,light-emitting diode
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Neara??Infrareda??toa??Visible Photon Upconversion by Introducing an Sa??T Absorption Sensitizer into a Metala??Organic Framework
摘要： Triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) of near-infrared (NIR) light to visible light in the solid-state remains as a great challenge due to the sensitizer aggregation that impedes the efficient triplet energy transfer. Herein, we successfully introduce a molecular sensitizer exhibiting direct singlet-to-triplet (S–T) absorption into a new emitter-based metal-organic framework (MOF) to achieve an efficient triplet sensitization and a NIR-to-visible TTA-UC in the solid-state.
关键词： photon upconversion,near-infrared light,metal-organic framework,singlet-to-triplet absorption,triplet-triplet annihilation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[IEEE 2019 IEEE 21st Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC) - Singapore, Singapore (2019.12.4-2019.12.6)] 2019 IEEE 21st Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC) - A Process Study of Laser Patterning of Different Conductive Layers for Printed Electronics
摘要： Stress-induced psychological and somatic diseases are virtually endemic nowadays. Written self-report anxiety measures are available; however, these indices tend to be time consuming to acquire. For medical patients, completing written reports can be burdensome if they are weak, in pain, or in acute anxiety states. Consequently, simple and fast non-invasive methods for assessing stress response from neurophysiological data are essential. In this paper, we report on a study that makes predictions of the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) index from oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes of the prefrontal cortex using a two-channel portable near-infrared spectroscopy device. Predictions are achieved by constructing machine learning algorithms within a Bayesian framework with nonlinear basis function together with Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementation. In this paper, prediction experiments were performed against four different data sets, i.e., two comprising young subjects, and the remaining two comprising elderly subjects. The number of subjects in each data set varied between 17 and 20 and each subject participated only once. They were not asked to perform any task; instead, they were at rest. The root mean square errors for the four groups were 6.20, 6.62, 4.50, and 6.38, respectively. There appeared to be no significant distinctions of prediction accuracies between age groups and since the STAI are defined between 20 and 80, the predictions appeared reasonably accurate. The results indicate potential applications to practical situations such as stress management and medical practice.
关键词： blood oxygenation,prevention medicine,Anxiety index,neuronal activity,regional cerebral blood flow,translational engineering,near infrared spectroscopy,health and safety,prediction methods,oxyhemoglobin
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Clinical performance of clinical-visual examination, digital bitewing radiography, laser fluorescence, and near-infrared light transillumination for detection of non-cavitated proximal enamel and dentin caries
摘要： The aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of clinical-visual examination using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II, digital bitewing radiography, near-infrared light transillumination (NIR-LT), and laser fluorescence (LF) for the detection of non-cavitated proximal enamel and dentin caries. The study included 335 patients, aged 12–18 years, with no cavities in the posterior teeth. Clinical-visual inspections of 335 non-cavitated proximal caries were performed by two examiners. For enamel caries, clinical validation included a combination of clinical-visual and digital bitewing radiography assessments. For dentin caries, the clinical validation was opening the cavity. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were determined. The agreement between the examiners’ measurements was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the methods were compared using the McNemar test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Digital bitewing radiography had the highest sensitivity (0.96) and accuracy (0.96), and LF had the lowest sensitivity (0.38) and accuracy (0.39). After separation of the lesions into enamel and dentin caries, clinical-visual examination had the highest sensitivity (0.98) and accuracy (0.98) for enamel caries, while digital bitewing radiography had the highest sensitivity (0.97) and accuracy (0.97) for dentin caries. The NIR-LT method had a higher sensitivity for enamel caries (0.86). Each method also differed significantly from the others (p < 0.001). Digital bitewing radiography gave the best prediction of proximal enamel and dentin caries. NIR-LT showed good potential for detection of proximal caries.
关键词： Laser fluorescence,Non-cavitated caries,Near-infrared light transillumination,Proximal caries,Caries detection
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Tumor Microenvironment and NIR Laser Dual Responsive Release of Berberine 9-O-pyrazole Alkyl Derivative Loaded in Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Chemo-photothermal Synergetic Cancer Therapy
摘要： Berberine 9-O-pyrazole alkyl derivative, a chemical compound B3 previously synthesized by our group, showed anti-cancer activity. However, B3 lacks targeting cytotoxicity to cancer cells, leading to obvious toxic side effects on normal cells. To solve this problem, here, we prepared a drug delivery system AS1411-GO/B3 for tumor targeting. In which, nano- graphene oxide (GO) sheets were employed as drug carrier, and aptamer AS1411 was conjugated onto GO for tumor targeting. The GO also has photothermal effect, which helps the release of B3 from GO as well as thermal cytotoxicity to cells. We found that the release of B3 could response to the acid condition, indicating the tumor intracellular environment could promote the release of B3, thus to perform the chemotherapy effects. This system could also release B3 in responsive to photothermal heating, moreover combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to improve the anticancer activity was achieved. This AS1411-GO/B3 platform with chemo-photothermal synergetic therapy provides a very promising treatment for tumor treatment.
关键词： Near Infrared Ray,Drug release,Berebrine derivative,Chem-photothermal therapy,Graphene oxide
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Chlorination <i>vs.</i> fluorination: a study of halogenated benzo[ <i>c</i> ][1,2,5]thiadiazole-based organic semiconducting dots for near-infrared cellular imaging
摘要： Red/near-infrared organic dyes are becoming increasingly widespread in biological applications. However, designing these dyes with long-wavelength emission, large Stokes shifts, and high fluorescence quantum efficiency is still a very challenging task. In this work, five donor-acceptor (D-A) red/near-infrared fluorophores based on different chlorinated/fluorinated benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole units are designed and synthesized. The photophysical, theoretical calculations, and electrochemical properties explored in this study have proved that the introducing of chlorine atoms will lead to a lower HOMO level, stronger steric hindrance, and a relative lower quantum yield in solutions. When the organic dots are fabricated, the chlorinated dots demonstrate much higher fluorescence quantum yield, larger Stokes shift, and better photostability than that of the fluorinated dots. After labeling A549 cells, all the chlorinated/fluorinated dots exhibit high red emission intensities. All these results indicated that the subtle change in the halogen atom of the benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole unit is a unique method to tune the photophysical properties of those materials, which also provides good guidelines to design highly efficient red/near-infrared molecules for cellular imaging applications.
关键词： 5]thiadiazole,organic semiconducting dots,chlorination,benzo[c][1,fluorination,near-infrared cellular imaging,2
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The Supplementary Motor Area Responsible for Word Retrieval Decline After Acute Thalamic Stroke Revealed by Coupled SPECT and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
摘要： Damage to the thalamus may affect cognition and language, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In particular, it remains a riddle why thalamic aphasia occasionally occurs and then mostly recovers to some degree. To explore the mechanism of the affected cognition and language, we used two neuroimaging techniques—single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), suitable for viewing the affected brain distribution after acute thalamic stroke, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f-NIRS), focusing on hemodynamic responses of the supplementary motor area (SMA) responsible for speech production in conjunction with the frontal aslant tract (FAT) pathway. SPECT yielded common perfusion abnormalities not only in the fronto–parieto–cerebellar loop, but also in the SMA, IFG and surrounding language-relevant regions. In NIRS sessions during a phonemic verbal fluency task, we found significant word retrieval decline in acute thalamic patients relative to age-matched healthy volunteers. Further, NIRS showed strong correlation between word retrieval and posterior SMA responses. In addition, follow-up NIRS exhibited increased bilateral SMA responses linked to improving word retrieval ability. The findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction may be related to the fronto–parieto–cerebellar loop, while language dysfunction is attributed to the SMA, IFG and language-related brain areas. SMA may contribute to the recovery of word retrieval difficulty and aphasia after thalamic stroke.
关键词： SPECT,hemodynamic response,perfusion,verbal fluency test,thalamic aphasia,FAT: frontal aslant tract,cerebro-cerebellar diaschisis,functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f-NIRS)
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57