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Performances of a Research CFR Octane Rating Unit Engine and Dacia Single Cylinder SI Engine Ignited by a LASER System
摘要： At this time, the severe legislation regarding the level limits of the waste and exhaust gases released by thermal engines and also the necessity of engines efficiency improvement boost the engine research domain to bring in front the use of new technologies that can be used to control the in-cylinder combustion process. Now, the new technologies is represented by LASER spark plug systems which can be successfully used at petrol engines. LASER spark plug technology can have many advantages for engine operation control, an ignition system that could provide improved combustion is the one using plasma generation and a Q-switched LASER that results in pulses with high MW power. The LASER spark plug device used in the current research was a LASER medium Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG ceramic structure made up of a 8.0-mm long, 1.0-at.% Nd:YAG ceramic, optically-bonded to a Cr4+:YAG c. It was developed and constructed similar to classical spark plug and could be assembled on a CFR Octane Rating Unit Engine as well as on a Dacia Single Cylinder SI Engine which led to several results among which: influences on in-cylinder pressure, combustion and pollutant emissions.
关键词： pollutant emissions,combustion,LASER spark plug,pressures,new technologies
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Augmented Reality Microsurgical Planning with a Smartphone (ARM-PS): A dissection route map in your pocket
摘要： SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Perioperative microsurgical planning increases the likelihood of successful results. Augmented reality is the addition of artificial information allowing the user to perform tasks more efficiently. The aim of our study is to report the use of augmented reality for microsurgical planning with a smartphone (ARM-PS) as a dissection route map. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Augmented reality was used for superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap planning. Three-dimensional reconstruction images of the inguinal and lower abdomen vascular anatomy were performed from computed tomography angiography. Three-dimensional images were imported to a smartphone and an augmented reality app was used to superimpose them with the camera. The drawings performed with ARM-PS were correlated with handheld doppler and intraoperative findings. RESULTS: Correlation of ARM-PS drawings with handheld doppler was 100% for superficial inferior epigastric artery, superficial and deep branch of superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator in sixty inguinal areas studied. Intraoperative findings matched perfectly in all thirty cases with ARM-PS drawings for the mentioned vessels and lymph nodes location. Flap harvest time decreased in 20% compared with our traditional timing. CONCLUSIONS: ARM-PS is an easy, non-invasive and accurate method that provides a dissection route map, standardizing flaps harvesting and has a perfect correlation with intraoperative findings. It reduces operating time and may improve operative results, decreasing donor site morbidity.
关键词： new technologies,SCIP flap,smartphone,perforator flap,microsurgical planning,Augmented reality,preoperative planning
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14