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Topical treatment with oleocanthal extract in reducing inflammatory reactions after photodynamic therapy: a prospective quasi-experimental pilot study
摘要： Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment against skin field cancerization. Its main side effect is local inflammation in the treated area. The phenolic compound oleocanthal (decarboxy methyl ligstroside aglycone), which is present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), has anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the topical efficacy of an oily fluid enriched with oleocanthal (OC) extract, in comparison with a conventional oily fluid, in reducing the degree of inflammatory reaction after conventional PDT. Methods: Quasi-experimental pilot study, before-after with a control group, performed with a cohort of consecutive patients diagnosed with actinic keratosis/field cancerization (AK/FC) in the forehead and/or scalp, treated by PDT. The study was carried out from April 2016 to November 2017 at a speciality hospital in southern Spain. A group of 24 consecutive patients received the topical application, three times daily for one week, of an emollient oily fluid in the area treated with PDT. Subsequently, another group, of 23 consecutive patients, received the same treatment pattern with an oily fluid enriched with OC extract. The post-PDT inflammatory reaction was measured by an independent member of the hospital's dermatology department, using the following visual scale of erythema (from 0 to 4). The assessment was conducted at 30 min and at 48 h post-PDT. Results: In the assessment at 48 h after treatment, the inflammation had improved more among the patients treated with OC (median: 25%, 95%CI: -5.3 to 28.5) than in the non-OC group (median: 0%; 95%CI: -45.2 to -6.2). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01), and the Cohen's d value was 0.89 (large effect). At three months after PDT, a complete response had been obtained by 60.9% of the patients treated with OC compared to 29.2% of the non-OC group, and the difference was close to statistical significance (p=0.059). Conclusions: The topical application of an oily fluid enriched with OC extract achieved a greater reduction in post-PDT cutaneous inflammation and a better treatment response, in comparison with the application of a conventional oily fluid.
关键词： Skin barrier,Oleocanthal,Emulsions,Virgin olive oil,Skin physiology,Photodynamic therapy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Detection of the adulteration of extra virgin olive oil by near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric techniques
摘要： Introduction and Objectives: Due to the value of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), adulteration has become an important issue in the industry, which has created demand for quick and inexpensive fraud detection testing. In contrast to many current food fraud detection methods, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be inexpensive and convenient by minimizing sample preparation and measurement times. In this study, we developed a method using NIRS and chemometrics to detect adulteration of EVOO with other edible oil types that does not require sample preparation and can be completed in less than 10 min. Methods, Results, and Discussions: First, a single EVOO was adulterated with corn oil from 2.7% to 25% w/w. Spectra for the unadulterated sample and its adulterated counterparts were measured. A principal component analysis (PCA) scores plot showed separation between the adulterated mixtures and the unadulterated sample, which demonstrated that the developed method could detect as low as 2.7% w/w adulteration if an unadulterated sample of the oil in question is provided. To study adulteration detection without an unadulterated sample for reference, the spectra of unadulterated samples and samples adulterated with corn, sunflower, soybean, and canola oils were measured. A PCA with soft independent modelling of class analogy was used for adulteration detection. Lower limits of adulteration detection for corn, sunflower, soybean, and canola oils were found to be approximately 20%, 20%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the developed method can be used to rapidly screen for adulterated olive oils.
关键词： principal component analysis,olive oil adulteration,chemometrics,NIR,spectroscopy
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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[IEEE IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Valencia (2018.7.22-2018.7.27)] IGARSS 2018 - 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - Using Sentinel-2 Imagery to Track Changes Produced by Xylella Fastidiosa in Olive Trees
摘要： This paper attempts to provide an understanding of the potential application of Sentinel-2 imagery for the monitoring and detection of disease symptoms caused by Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) in olive trees. A time series data of 188 Sentinel-2a images collected over the last two years was used to analyse the temporal trends in areas with Xf infected olive trees in Puglia, Southern Italy. The robustness of different physiological and structural hyperspectral indices was evaluated as an early indicator of Xf symptoms. Three validation sites for Sentinel-2a products were hence established over olive orchards in the Xf-infected zone in two different years (2016 and 2017) and overflown with a hyperspectral sensor to acquire high spatial resolution images (50 cm). Disease incidence and severity levels were recorded for more than 3300 olive trees in 18 orchards. Results demonstrate the capability of temporal Sentinel-2a was able to detect and discriminate between high and medium Xf incidence, reaching the maximum differences during the summer season. Among all the vegetation indices evaluated from Sentinel-2 imagery, OSAVI showed superior performance for detecting Xf incidence trends and OSAVI1510 for detecting changes in Xf severity levels.
关键词： Sentinel-2,hyperspectral,olive-tree,temporal trend,die-back,Xylella fastidiosa
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Remote Sensing: An Automated Methodology for Olive Tree Detection and Counting in Satellite Images
摘要： Cultivation of olive trees for the past few years has been widely spread across Mediterranean countries, including Spain, Greece, Italy, France, and Turkey. Among these countries, Spain is listed as the largest olive producing country with almost 45% of olive oil production per year. Dedicating land of over 2.4 million hectares for the olive cultivation, Spain is among the leading distributors of olives throughout the world. Due to its high signi?cance in the country’s economy, the crop yield must be recorded. Manual collection of data over such expanded ?elds is humanly infeasible. Remote collection of such information can be made possible through the utilization of satellite imagery. This paper presents an automated olive tree counting method based on image processing of satellite imagery. The images are pre-processed using the unsharp masking followed by improved multi-level thresholding-based segmentation. Resulting circular blobs are detected through the circular Hough transform for identi?cation. Validation has been performed by evaluating the proposed scheme for the dataset formed by acquiring images through the ‘‘El Sistema de Información Geográ?ca de Parcelas Agrícolas’’ viewer over the region of Spain. The proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of 96% in detection. Computation time was recorded as 24 ms for an image size of 300 × 300 pixels. The less spectral information is used in our proposed methodology resulting in a competitive accuracy with low computational cost in comparison to the state-of-the-art technique.
关键词： crop estimation,multi-spectral imagery,Remote sensing,olive,Hough transform,satellite imagery
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Data fusion strategy in quantitative analysis of spectroscopy relevant to olive oil adulteration
摘要： Olive oil adulteration with various less expensive edible oils represents a great danger for consumers. Spectrometry has been used to detect olive oil adulteration with other oil, but we need more robust and accurate model. Therefore, this work investigated the combination of infrared (NIR) and mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for the quantification of rapeseed oil in olive oil blends. Furthermore, a partial least squares (PLS) model was established to predict the concentration of the adulterant. Models constructed using baseline correction by combination of standard normal variate (SNV), SG smoothing and vector normalization pretreatments, respectively. Three data fusion strategies (low, mid and high-level) have been applied to take advantage of the synergistic effect of the information obtained from NIR and MIR. We chose algorithm (SPA) to extract spectral features for mid-level data fusion. Binary linear regression used in high-level data fusion. We selected the best pretreatment for final evaluation according to the evaluation parameters (R2 of calibration and validation, RMSECV and RMSEP). NIR, MIR and data fusion models were evaluated by comparing the R2 of validation and RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction). The RMSEP of low-level (3.44) , high-level (2.86) data fusion were better than NIR（7.09）, MIR（4.04）, mid-level（6.09）and the validation coefficient of determination R2 of low-level data fusion (0.975) and high-level data fusion (0.988) are better than the NIR (0.896) and MIR (0.966). Results showed that：(1) NIR and MIR are fast and non-destructive testing tools to detect the extra-virgin olive oil adulteration with rapeseed oil. (2) Low-level data fusion can effectively improve model prediction accuracy. (3) SPA reduced the number of variables, but it did not improved the results. (4) High-level data fusion strategy can be used as a reliable tool for quantitative analysis.
关键词： Olive oil,data fusion,SPA,MIR,Adulteration,NIR
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Determination of Pigments in Virgin and Extra-Virgin Olive Oils: A Comparison between Two Near UV-Vis Spectroscopic Techniques
摘要： The colour of olive oil is due to the presence of natural pigments belonging to the class of carotenoids, chlorophylls, and their derivatives. These substances, other than being responsible for the colour, an important qualitative feature of the oil, have antioxidant and, more generally, nutraceutical properties and their quantification can be related to the product’s quality and authenticity. In this work, we have quantified the total amount of carotenoids and chlorophylls’ derivatives in several virgin and extra-virgin olive oils produced in Italy, by using two different methods that are based on near-ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. The first method defines two indexes, K670 and K470, related to absorbance values of oil at wavelengths of 670 and 470 nm, respectively. The second method is based on the mathematical deconvolution of the whole absorption spectrum of the oil to obtain the concentrations of four main pigments present in olive oils: β-carotene, lutein, pheophytin A, and pheophytin B. The concentrations of the total carotenoids and total chlorophylls’ derivatives, as obtained by the two spectroscopic methods, are compared and the results are discussed in view of the practical usefulness of spectroscopic techniques for a fast determination of pigments in olive oil.
关键词： EVOO,colour,ultraviolet-visible light,extra-virgin olive oil,chlorophylls,pigments,carotenoids,spectroscopy,quality,light absorption
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Rapid assessment of monovarietal Portuguese Extra Virgin Olive Oil's (EVOO's) fatty acids by Fourier-transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIRS)
摘要： A rapid method for the evaluation of fatty acids (FA) of monovarietal Portuguese extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) (n = 82) from Alentejo, south-central region of Portugal, was developed based on Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIRS). The contents of FA-components (previously determined per conventional gas chromatography) were correlated with FT-NIRS data (independent variable), by means of full cross-validation partial least squares regression (CVPLSR). CVPLSR was run using standard normal variate (SNV) data pre-processing and nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithm. Obtained correlation models were characterized with good statistics: high correlation coefficients (R > 0.85) and low root mean square errors (RMSE < 2.04). Obtained values of the residual predictive deviation (RPD) of CVPLSR-model, higher than 5.0 (C18:1, C18:2, MUFA, PUFA) confirmed the FT-NIRS as a potential method for rapid quality control of EVOO’s FA.
关键词： Extra virgin olive oils,fatty acids,CVPLSR,chemometrics,FT-NIRS
更新于2025-09-23 15:22:29
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Rapid growth of large area graphene on glass from olive oil by laser irradiation
摘要： Although homogeneous, high quality graphene can be fabricated on a Cu or Ni sheet using the traditional chemical vapour deposition method at high temperatures (over 1000°C) and specific atmospheric conditions, their transfer to another substrate is difficult. In this paper a novel method of rapidly (i.e. 3–6 s of laser irradiation) producing a large area (>3 cm2) graphene film from olive oil on a glass surface (pre-coated with a 5–28 nm thick Ni film) with defocused, large area continuous laser irradiation is described. The turbostratic graphene film (6 layers) grown in such a way has shown high electrical conductivity (sheet resistance of around 20 ? sq?1) and an optical transmittance of 40–50%. With femtosecond laser patterning, 70% optical transparency was demonstrated. Continuous large area graphene was formed at relatively lower temperatures (<250°C) and without the need for specific atmospheric conditions. The basic process characteristics and mechanisms involved are discussed.
关键词： graphene,electrical conductivity,transparent,low temperature,olive oil,laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The First Identification of the Uniqueness and Authentication of Maltese Extra Virgin Olive Oil Using 3D-Fluorescence Spectroscopy Coupled with Multi-Way Data Analysis
摘要： The potential application of multivariate three-way data analysis techniques, namely parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and discriminant multi-way partial least squares regression (DN-PLSR), on three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescent data were used to identify the uniqueness and authenticity of Maltese extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). A non-negativity constrained PARAFAC model revealed that a four-component model provided the most appropriate solution. Examination of the extracted components in mode 2 and 3 showed that these belonged to different fluorophores present in extra virgin olive oil. Application of linear discriminate analysis (LDA) and binary logistic regression analysis on the concentration of the four extracted fluorophores, showed that it is possible to discriminate Maltese EVOOs from non-Maltese EVOOs. The application of DN-PLSR provided superior means for discrimination of Maltese EVOOs. Further inspection of the extracted latent variables and their variable importance plots (VIPs) provided strong proof of the existence of four types of fluorophores present in EVOOs and their potential application for the discrimination of Maltese EVOOs.
关键词： extra virgin olive oils,DN-PLSR,Maltese islands,PARAFAC,3D-fluorescence
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for In-Field Detection of Pesticides: A Test on Dimethoate Residues in Water and on Olive Leaves
摘要： Dimethoate (DMT) is an organophosphate insecticide commonly used to protect fruit trees and in particular olive trees. Since it is highly water-soluble, its use on olive trees is considered quite safe, because it flows away in the residual water during the oil extraction process. However, its use is strictly regulated, specially on organic cultures. The organic production chain certification is not trivial, since DMT rapidly degrades to omethoate (OMT) and both disappear in about two months. Therefore, simple, sensitive, cost-effective and accurate methods for the determination of dimethoate, possibly suitable for in-field application, can be of great interest. In this work, a quick screening method, possibly useful for organic cultures certification will be presented. DMT and OMT in water and on olive leaves have been detected by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using portable instrumentations. On leaves, the SERS signals were measured with a reasonably good S/N ratio, allowing us to detect DMT at a concentration up to two orders of magnitude lower than the one usually recommended for in-field treatments. Moreover, detailed information on the DMT distribution on the leaves has been obtained by Raman line- (or area-) scanning experiments.
关键词： dimethoate,pesticides,SERS,portable microRaman,olive
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36