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Retinal Ganglion Cell Layer Thinning Within One Month of Presentation for Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
摘要： Optical coherence tomography reveals retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in chronic optic nerve injury. With acute optic nerve injury, as in acute nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), swelling obscures early demonstration of RNFL thinning, which might be used to evaluate therapies. We hypothesized that measurement of GCL plus inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness and trajectory of thinning would show it is an earlier and more accurate biomarker of early permanent neuronal injury.
关键词： OCT,retinal ganglion cell layer,non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Next Generation PERG Method: Expanding the Response Dynamic Range and Capturing Response Adaptation
摘要： Purpose: To compare a new method for steady-state pattern electroretinogram (PERGx) with a validated method (PERGLA) in normal controls and in patients with optic neuropathy. Methods: PERGx and PERGLA were recorded in a mixed population (n ? 33, 66 eyes) of younger controls (C1; n ? 10, age 38 6 8.3 years), older controls (C2; n ? 11, 57.9 6 8.09 years), patients with early manifest glaucoma (G; n ? 7, 65.7 611.6 years), and patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (N; n ? 5, mean age 59.4 6 8.6 years). The PERGx stimulus was a black-white horizontal grating generated on a 14 3 14 cm LED display (1.6 cycles/deg, 15.63 reversals/s, 98% contrast, 800 cd/m2 mean luminance, 258 field). PERGx signal and noise were averaged over 1024 epochs (~2 minutes) and Fourier analyzed to retrieve amplitude and phase. Partial averages (16 successive samples of 64 epochs each) were also analyzed to quantify progressive changes over recording time (adaptation). Results: PERGLA and PERGx amplitudes and latencies were correlated (Amplitude R2 ? 0.59, Latency R2 ? 0.39, both P , 0.0001) and were similarly altered in disease. Compared to PERGLA, however, PERGx had shorter (16 ms) latency, higher (1.393) lower (0.373) noise, and higher (4.23) signal-to-noise ratio. PERGx amplitude, displayed marked amplitude adaptation in C1 and C2 groups and no significant adaptation in G and N groups. Conclusions: The PERGx high signal-to-noise ratio may allow meaningful recording in advanced stages of optic nerve disorders. it quantifies response adaptation, which may be selectively altered in glaucoma and optic neuropathy.
关键词： signal-to-noise ratio,non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy,neural adaptation,glaucoma,pattern electroretinogram
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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The Role of Endogenous Neuroprotective Mechanisms in the Prevention of Retinal Ganglion Cells Degeneration
摘要： Retinal neurons are not able to undergo spontaneous regeneration in response to damage. A variety of stressors, i.e., UV radiation, high temperature, ischemia, allergens, and others, induce reactive oxygen species production, resulting in consecutive alteration of stress-response gene expression and finally can lead to cell apoptosis. Neurons have developed their own endogenous cellular protective systems. Some of them are preventing cell death and others are allowing functional recovery after injury. The high efficiency of these mechanisms is crucial for cell survival. In this review we focus on the contribution of the most recently studied endogenous neuroprotective factors involved in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, among which, neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways, processes regulating the redox status, and different pathways regulating cell death are the most important. Additionally, we summarize currently ongoing clinical trials for therapies for RGC degeneration and optic neuropathies, including glaucoma. Knowledge of the endogenous cellular protective mechanisms may help in the development of effective therapies and potential novel therapeutic targets in order to achieve progress in the treatment of retinal and optic nerve diseases.
关键词： endogenous neuroprotection,optic neuropathy,retinal ganglion cells,cell survival,stress-response
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14