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[IEEE 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Angers, France (2019.7.9-2019.7.13)] 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON) - Generation of Optical Combs based on Intensity Electro-Optic Modulators using a Differential Evolution Algorithm
摘要： Integrated photonics is a promising route toward high-performance next-generation ICT and sensing devices. Although fiber-packaging is perhaps the most widely discussed obstacle to low-cost photonic devices, electronic-photonic integration and thermal-stabilization are also significant design considerations that need to be properly managed. Using a state-of-the-art Si-photonic optical-network-unit as a worked example, we illustrate some key challenges and solutions in the field of photonic-packaging. Specifically, we describe a novel solder-reflow bonding process for the face-to-face three-dimensional (3-D) integration of photonic and electronic integrated circuits, discuss current and future multichannel fiber-alignment techniques, and investigate the coefficient-of-performance of the thermo-electric cooler that stabilizes the temperature of the photonic components. The challenge of photonic-packaging is to simultaneously satisfy these electrical, optical, and thermal design requirements on small-footprint devices, while establishing a route to scalable commercial implementation.
关键词： silicon photonics,Integrated optics,photonic packaging,optoelectronics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Comparative Analysis of the Sensitivity of Optical Sensors Based on Surface Waves Excited in the Kretschmann Scheme
摘要： Based on the theory of reflection of a limited light beam from a plane-layered structure, a surface plasmonic wave excited on the free surface of a gold film and, for comparison, a surface wave in a planar surface waveguide, both excited in the Kretschmann scheme, have been examined. The sensitivities of optical sensors based on these surface waves are compared. Various methods are proposed for increasing the sensitivity of sensors based on a surface waveguide. The required fabrication accuracy of film thicknesses to obtain workable sensors is estimated.
关键词： integrated optics,surface plasmons,surface waves,optical sensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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[Laser Institute of America ICALEO?? 2015: 34th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing - Atlanta, Georgia, USA (October 18a??22, 2015)] International Congress on Applications of Lasers & Electro-Optics - New generation of high power reflective focusing optics (HPRFO)
摘要： As the high power laser market continues to grow, so does the need for robust optical solutions that can withstand the inherently harsh environment of laser welding. EWI continues to push the design envelope for high power optics that are capable of withstanding 20 kW or more of laser power for extended periods of time. A second version of EWI’s high power reflective focusing optics, referred to as HPRFO2, incorporates a patented aero window for internal protection of critical components, improved process effluent protection, and a revised beam delivery path. Long focal lengths separate the critical optics from the harsh welding environment without compromising the focal spot size. The previously published results of version one of the HPRFO exhibited minimal focal shift, unmatched by commercially available optics. In this work a production hardened version was designed and tested. Key attributes, which proved successful in version one of the HPRFO, were incorporated in the new design along with changes resulting from lessons learned. Shallower fold angles (compared to original HPRFO) for the asymmetric aspheric mirrors, adaptable effluent management solutions and better thermal management were included in the new design. Initial testing of the HPRFO2 demonstrated promising results and robustness unrivaled by commercially available optics.
关键词： HPRFO,reflective focusing optics,high power laser,thermal management,aero window
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Helicity Enhanced Torsion Sensor Based on Liquid Filled Twisted Photonic Crystal Fibers
摘要： A highly sensitive torsion sensor can be constructed by combining a twisted photonic crystal fiber with a liquid-filled waveguide in its air-hole cladding. The torsion sensitivity of this type of sensor is determined directly by the phase-matching conditions between the fiber core mode and the liquid waveguide mode, which can be improved by tuning the helicity (denoted by the initial twist rate, α0) of the twisted photonic crystal fiber. The enhancement mechanism of α0 on the sensitivity of the proposed torsion sensor is investigated theoretically, followed by experimental verifications, and a torsion sensitivity as high as 446 nm·mm·rad?1 can be obtained by tailoring these parameters. Experimental results show that the torsion sensitivity increases with α0 decreasing from 3.142 to 3.925 rad/mm, which are in consistence with that of the numerical predictions. The demonstrated torsion sensor is expected to contribute to the development of highly sensitive torsion-related photonic crystal fiber devices.
关键词： photonic crystal fibers,microstructure fabrication,fiber optics sensors
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A simple FBG Fabry-Perot sensor system with high sensitivity based on fiber laser beat frequency and Vernier effect
摘要： We numerically study the dynamics of supercontinuum generation (SCG) for a variety of possible combinations of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) and ultrafast fiber laser pulses that the current technologies offer. Three types of PCFs typically used in SCG and four representative types of ultrafast fiber laser pulses are considered for this combinatorial study. We numerically model and qualitatively discuss the nonlinear evolution of the pulses for their whole 12 combinatorial cases. We also quantitatively analyze their output spectra and organize a performance chart for them in terms of spectral bandwidth, flatness, and degree of spectral coherence. Finally, we suggest the most viable combinations among the given PCFs and ultrafast fiber laser pulses in order for generating a target supercontinuum spectrum for various specific cases.
关键词： Optical fiber laser,supercontinuum generation,nonlinear optics,ultrashort pulse
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Liquid-Crystal-Mediated Active Waveguides toward Programmable Integrated Optics
摘要： Optics, playing an ever-important role in life, is developing toward miniaturization and integration. Particularly, the field programming of integrated optics will benefit its functionality and durability, thus is highly pursued. Here, through precisely controlling the space-variant orientations of anisotropic liquid crystals (LCs), various graded-index waveguides are demonstrated in a homogeneous medium. Straight/bending waveguides and ring resonators are fabricated via LC photopatterning. They exhibit pronounced polychromatic light-guiding performance. Thanks to their intrinsic external-stimuli responsivity, the thermal switchability and polarization tunability are verified. By selectively polymerizing, robust functional components and active connecting waveguides can be realized on the same chip. It provides a practical and universal solution to programmable integrated optics, and extends the applications of microstructured soft matter even in wearable photonics.
关键词： integrated optics,photoalignment,waveguides,liquid crystals
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Evaluating the Potential of Laser Beam Quality Improvement by Adaptive Optics System
摘要： AO (adaptive optics) systems have been extensively used to improve the beam quality in high-energy lasers; however, few studies have focused on how much the beam quality could be improved. A novel evaluation criteria and factor is presented in this paper. The factor, defined as power in ring (PIR), is expressed by distinguishing the low- and high-spatial frequency components in the far-field laser intensity distribution. Beams with different PIR values are generated in our model, and then they are compensated by AO systems. Calculation result shows that the PIR factor could evaluate a laser beam’s improvement potential by an AO system quantitatively.
关键词： high-energy lasers,power in ring,adaptive optics,beam quality,spatial frequency
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Off-Resonance Control and All-Optical Switching: Expanded Dimensions in Nonlinear Optics
摘要： The theory of non-resonant optical processes with intrinsic optical nonlinearity, such as harmonic generation, has been widely understood since the advent of the laser. In general, such effects involve multiphoton interactions that change the population of each input optical mode or modes. However, nonlinear effects can also arise through the input of an off-resonant laser beam that itself emerges unchanged. Many such effects have been largely overlooked. Using a quantum electrodynamical framework, this review provides detail on such optically nonlinear mechanisms that allow for a controlled increase or decrease in the intensity of linear absorption and fluorescence and in the efficiency of resonance energy transfer. The rate modifications responsible for these effects were achieved by the simultaneous application of an off-resonant beam with a moderate intensity, acting in a sense as an optical catalyst, conferring a new dimension of optical nonlinearity upon photoactive materials. It is shown that, in certain configurations, these mechanisms provide the basis for all-optical switching, i.e., the control of light-by-light, including an optical transistor scheme. The conclusion outlines other recently proposed all-optical switching systems.
关键词： absorption,nonlinear optics,all-optical switch,resonance energy transfer,fluorescence,FRET,optical transistor,multiphoton process,laser action,second harmonic generation
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A Large Detection-Range Plasmonic Sensor Based on An H-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber
摘要： An H‐shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF)‐based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is proposed for detecting large refractive index (RI) range which can either be higher or lower than the RI of the fiber material used. The grooves of the H‐shaped PCF as the sensing channels are coated with gold film and then brought into direct contact with the analyte, which not only reduces the complexity of the fabrication but also provides reusable capacity compared with other designs. The sensing performance of the proposed sensor is investigated by using the finite element method. Numerical results show that the sensor can work normally in the large analyte RI (na) range from 1.33 to 1.49, and reach the maximum sensitivity of 25,900 nm/RIU (RI units) at the na range 1.47–1.48. Moreover, the sensor shows good stability in the tolerances of ±10% of the gold‐film thickness.
关键词： fiber optics sensors,photonic crystal fiber,refractive index sensor,surface plasmon resonance
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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Femtosecond laser modification of 6Ha??SiC crystals for waveguide devices
摘要： We report on optical waveguides produced by a femtosecond laser in 6H–SiC crystals. Their guiding properties have been investigated at a wavelength of 1064 nm, and confocal micro-Raman images have been obtained at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. The results demonstrate that mode pro?les can be tailored by the adjustment of writing parameters, and the blueshift of the spectrum (at around 787.05 cm?1) mainly takes place in the irradiated areas. From images of Raman intensity and spectral shift, it is obvious that optical properties in guiding regions are well preserved. These waveguides may have potential applications in integrated optics and quantum photonics.
关键词： femtosecond laser,6H–SiC crystals,optical waveguides,quantum photonics,integrated optics
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57