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High-Performance Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Controllable Morphology via Sequential Layer-by-Layer Deposition
摘要： Ternary blending of light harvesting materials has been proven to be a potential strategy to improve the efficiency of solution processed organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the optimization of ternary system is usually more complicated than the binary one as the morphology of conventional ternary blend films is very difficult to control, thus undermining the potential of ternary OSCs. Herein, we report a general strategy for better control of the morphology of ternary blend films composed of a polymer donor and two non-fullerene small molecule acceptors for high-performance OSCs using sequential layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition method. The resulted LbL films form bicontinuous interpenetrating network structure with high crystallinity of both the donor and acceptor materials, showing efficient charge generation, transport and collection properties. In addition, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the ternary LbL OSCs are less sensitive to the blending ratio of the third component acceptor, providing more room to optimize the device performance. As a result, optimal PCEs of over 11%, 13 % and 16 % were achieved for the LbL OSCs composed of PffBT4T-2OD/IEICO-4F:FBR, PBDB-T-SF/IT-4F:FBR and PM6/Y6:FBR, respectively. Our work provides useful and general guidelines for the development of more efficient ternary OSCs with better controlled morphology.
关键词： sequential layer-by-layer deposition,non-fullerene acceptor,ternary organic solar cell,high performance,morphology control
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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The rational and effective design of nonfullerene acceptors guided by a semi-empirical model for an organic solar cell with an efficiency over 15%
摘要： Although much progress has been made for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), the active layer material design is generally based on a trial and error approach. It is still a challenge to rationally design active layer materials to further improve OPV performance. Herein, guided by a semi-empirical model we have proposed, two new small molecule acceptors, named F-2F and FO-2F, have been designed and synthesized based on an acceptor F-H. With difluoro substituted end group, F-2F shows red-shifted absorption than F-H, but still far from the range required in the semi-empirical model. Thus, with a subtle molecular optimization by inserting oxygen atom into the backbone of F-2F, FO-2F has been designed, which exhibits much red-shifted absorption, close to the preferred absorption range of the semi-empirical model. Blending with donor polymer PM6, OPV device based on FO-2F achieved an impressive PCE of 15.05% with a Voc of 0.878 V, a Jsc of 22.26 mA cm-2 and a notable FF of 0.77. Both the Voc and Jsc are among the predicted range of the model. These results render molecule FO-2F a new acceptor example which could demonstrates over 15% PCE only observed almost entirely for Y6 series.
关键词： acceptor,semi-empirical model,nonfullerene,A-D-A,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A New Benzodithiophene Based Donor-Acceptor ??-Conjugated Polymer for Organic Solar Cells
摘要： A new benzodithiophene based donor-acceptor π-conjugated polymer (P1) is designed and explored as the photoactive donor for organic solar cells (OSCs). The synthesized donor polymer, P1 displays a wide absorption profile ranging from 300-750 nm with optical band gap of 1.61 eV and moderate ionization potential of -5.30 eV. It has good solubility in non-halogenated and halogenated organic solvents. Next, we fabricated OSCs with P1 by blending with PC71BM, the pristine polymer processed from chlorobenzene showed PCE of 2.79%. Upon addition of external additive diphenyl ether to the blend showed a dramatic improvement in PCE with maximum of 5.33%. DPE tailored the active layer morphology and showed two times higher PCE than pristine films. These results clearly indicate that the new polymer has a great potentiality for enhancing efficiency upon solvent additives, which will provide new routes for the development of new class of polymers for high-performance air-stable OSCs.
关键词： benzodithiophene based π-conjugated polymer,organic solar cell,morphology,octyl side chain
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A Naphthodithiophene-Based Nonfullerene Acceptor for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with a Small Energy Loss
摘要： A Naphthodithiophene-Based Nonfullerene Acceptor for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with a Small Energy Loss
关键词： energy loss,intramolecular noncovalent interaction,nonfullerene acceptor,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-23 15:19:57
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A relatively wide-bandgap and air-stable donor polymer for fabrication of efficient semitransparent and tandem organic photovoltaics
摘要： Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted tremendous attention in the field of thin-film solar cells due to their wide range of applications, especially for semitransparent devices. Here, we synthesize a dithiaindacenone-thiophene-benzothiadiazole-thiophene alternating donor copolymer named poly{[2,7-(5,5-didecyl-5H-1,8-dithia-as-indacenone)]-alt-[5,5-(5′,6′-dioctyloxy-4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)]} (PDTIDTBT), which shows a relatively wide bandgap of 1.82 eV, good mobility, and high transmittance and ambient stability. In this work, we fabricate an OPV device using monolayer graphene as top electrode. Due to the stability of PDTIDTBT in air and water, we use a wet transfer technique for graphene to fabricate semitransparent OPVs. We demonstrate OPVs based on the PDTIDTBT:Phenyl-C61/71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend with maximum power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 6.1 and 4.75% using silver and graphene top electrodes, respectively. Our graphene-based device shows a high average visible transmittance (AVT) of 55%, indicating the potential of PDTIDTBT for window application and tandem devices. Therefore, we also demonstrate tandem devices using the PDTIDTBT:Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) blend in both series and parallel connections with average PCEs of 7.3 and 7.95%, respectively. We also achieve a good average PCE of 8.26% with an average open circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.79 V for 2-terminal tandem OPVs using this blend. Based on tandem design, an OPV with PCE of 6.45% and AVT of 38% is demonstrated. Moreover, our devices show improved shelf life and ultraviolet (UV) stability (using CdSe/ZnS core shell quantum dots [QDs]) in ambient with 45% relative humidity.
关键词： PDTIDTBT,semitransparent device,stability,efficiency,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Effect of fused triphenylamine core in star-shaped donor-??-acceptor molecules on their physicochemical properties and performance in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
摘要： In this work, the synthesis of a novel star-shaped donor-acceptor molecule I with acridine-based core being a fused derivative of triphenylamine linked through π-conjugated terthiophene spacers and terminal hexyldicyanovinyl electron-withdrawing units is reported. Its physicochemical and photovoltaic properties were comprehensively studied and compared to those of molecule II being a structural analog but with a pristine propeller-like triphenylamine core. The novel molecule shows combination of the higher crystallinity, solubility and thermal stability. As compared to II, bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on I as a donor and PC71BM as an acceptor showed the three times higher hole mobility, 50% larger external quantum efficiency, which resulted in up to twice higher power conversion efficiency reaching 6.14%. This work demonstrates that the triphenylamine core fused by p-tolylmethylene groups in the star-shaped donor acceptor molecules is a promising building block to design highly soluble and crystalline materials for organic optoelectronic devices.
关键词： oligothiophene,organic solar cell,dicyanovinyl,triphenylamine,donor-acceptor molecule
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Interface-enhanced organic solar cells with extrapolated T80 lifetimes of over 20 years
摘要： With recent advances in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on novel donor and non-fullerene acceptor (NFAs), improving the stability of these systems has become the most important issue for their practical applications. Herein, an efficient and highly stable OSC, containing a novel polymer donor and a non-fullerene acceptor system, is reported. The OSC is based on an inverted device structure that utilizes a self-assembled fullerene monolayer (C60-SAM) as the cathode modification layer, an efficient and highly stable OSC composes of a polymer donor of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-alt-3-fluorothie-n o[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate] (PTB7-Th) and a non-fullerene acceptor of (2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-(((4,4,9,9-Tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-4,9-dihydro-sindaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(4-((2ethylhexyl)oxy)thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-diflu oro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene -2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) (IEICO-4F) is presented, showing a PCE of 10%. It further achieves an extrapolated T80 lifetime (the time required to reach 80% of initial performance) of 34,000 h, operating under one sun illumination equivalent. Based on an estimated solar irradiance of 1500 kWh/(m2 year) for China, a potential lifetime of 22 years is inferred for the OSC. Further investigation reveals that the reported C60-SAM modification stabilizes the OSC active layer morphology by lowering the surface energy of the underlying ZnO electron transport layer and suppressing trap-assisted recombination, thereby improving photostability. The results of this work establish important guidelines for the development of non-fullerene based OSCs with enhanced stability and pave the way for the commercialization of OSC technology.
关键词： interlayer modification,non-fullerene acceptor,photostability,green solvent,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Design of a Broadband Coplanar Waveguide-Fed Antenna Incorporating Organic Solar Cells with 100% Insolation for Ku Band Satellite Communication
摘要： A broadband coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole antenna based on conventional CPW-fed integration with an organic solar cell (OSC) of 100% insolation is suggested for Ku band satellite communication. The proposed configuration was designed to allow for 100% insolation of the OSC, thereby improving the performance of the antenna. The device structure was fabricated using a Leiterplatten-Kopierfrasen (LPKF) prototyping Printed circuit board (PCB) machine, while a vector network analyzer was utilized to measure the return loss. The simulated results demonstrated that the proposed antenna was able to cover an interesting operating frequency band from 11.7 to 12.22 GHz, which is in compliance with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Consequently, a 3 GHz broadband in the Ku band was achieved, along with an enhancement in the realized gain of about 6.30 dB. The simulation and experimental results showed good agreement, whereby the proposed structure could be specifically useful for fixed-satellite-services (FSS) operating over the frequency range from the 11.7 to 12.22 GHz (downlink) band.
关键词： CPW-fed monopole antenna,satellite communication,P3HT:PCBM,organic solar cell
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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An Alkoxya??Solubilizing Decacyclic Electron Acceptor for Efficient Ecoa??Friendly Asa??Cast Bladea??Coated Organic Solar Cells
摘要： The rapid development of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non-fullerene acceptors has achieved significant breakthroughs in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of spin coated devices. However, spin coating method in a protective atmosphere seems unsuitable for the practical scalable coating and eco-friendly manufacturing approaches are necessary to be developed for printing of high-performance solar panels. In addition, the use of highly toxic solvents is also a stumbling block to the commercial application of OSCs. Thus, the photoactive materials for scalable coating and eco-friendly scalable fabrication methods, and it is still a challenge that transition from the existing cutting-edge performance OSCs to eco-environment blade coated devices. Herein, a fused ring electron acceptor named as F10IC2 bearing a decacycle core and solubilizing alkoxyl side chains was synthesized and applied in as-cast blade coated OSCs by blending with polymer donor PTB7-Th. As-cast OSCs based on PTB7-Th: F10IC2 blended films fabricated from chlorobenzene (CB) or chlorine-free o-xylene (XY) solvents in air without any post-treatment, delivered a PCE of 12.5% and 11.4%, respectively, which are among the highest values reported for as-cast blade-coated OSCs. This study provides a strategy of alkoxyl solubilizing to design the high-performance material system for eco-friendly scalable OSCs, which is suitable for the future industrial production.
关键词： Eco-friendly,Blade-coating,Organic solar cell,Fused-ring electron acceptor
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Theoretical, spectroscopical, and experimental investigations of small azomethine molecules for organic solar cells
摘要： Small azomethine molecules (4,4′-bis((2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)methylimino)diphenylmethane (BP-DPM) and 4,4′-bis((2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)methylimino)diphenyl ether (BP-DPE)) for photovoltaic applications were synthesized by condensation of appropriate arylaldehydes and arylendiamines and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Azomethine molecules are additives in organic solar cells. The effect of a possible energy transfer between BP-DPE and P3HT on the photovoltaic performance of devices employing ternary blends of BP-DPE:P3HT: phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was investigated by absorption and emission spectra. The devices employing BP-DPE:P3HT:PCBM with 1:4 ratio exhibited a Jsc of 4.2 mA cm?2, Voc of 575 mV, and FF of 0.27 which led to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.65%. In addition, density functional theory calculations (DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d)) were used to determine the optimized molecular geometry, highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies, electronic structures, and the molecular electrostatic potential surfaces of the molecules.
关键词： density functional theory calculations,organic solar cell,azomethines,fluorescence
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59