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Effects of 445-nm Diode Laser-Assisted Debonding of Metallic Brackets on Shear Bond Strength and Enamel Surface Morphology
摘要： Objective: To evaluate the effect of a 445-nm diode laser on the shear bond strength (SBS) of metallic brackets before debonding. Background: Due to the new blue laser technology, very few studies are available in this context. Methods: Seventy metallic brackets (Discovery; Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) were bonded to the frontal enamel surfaces of 70 caries-free bovine incisors in a standardized way. Each sample was randomly assigned to the control or laser group, with 35 samples per group. The brackets in the laser group were irradiated with the diode laser (SIROLaser Blue(cid:2); Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) on three sides of the bracket bases for 5 s each (lateral–coronal–lateral, a total of 15 s) immediately before debonding. SBS values were evaluated for the control group and laser group. Micrographs of the enamel surface were taken with 10 · magni?cation to assess the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and the degree of enamel fractures after debonding. Results: There were no statistically signi?cant differences in SBS in the laser group in comparison with the control group ( p > 0.05). The distribution of ARI scores was also not statistically signi?cantly different in the laser group in comparison with the control group ( p > 0.05). Three enamel fractures occurred in the control group and one in the laser group after debonding. Conclusions: Irradiation of metallic brackets with the 445-nm diode laser before debonding does not signi?cantly reduce the SBS values and does not in?uence the remaining amount of adhesive on the enamel surface. The risk of enamel fractures during debonding is therefore not clinically affected.
关键词： adhesive remnant index,orthodontics,metallic bracket debonding,445-nm diode laser
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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Efficacy of photodynamic therapy vs ultrasonic scaler for preventing gingival inflammation and white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment
摘要： The effectiveness of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was compared vs ultrasonic scaler (US) as prophylactic methods for oral decontamination during the orthodontic treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in FMPS, FMBS, PD, ICDAS scores and counts of P. gingivalis, P.intermedia and mutans streptococci at T1, T2 and T3 follow-ups. Based in the protocol designed, PDT and US allowed in a similar way to control the extent of the enamel demineralization until 6 months post-treatment and the progression of the gingival inflammation until 9 months post-treatment.
关键词： gingival inflammation,ultrasonic scaler,orthodontics,Photodynamic therapy,white spots
更新于2025-09-23 15:21:01
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An in vitro comparison of ultraviolet versus white light in the detection of adhesive remnants during orthodontic debonding
摘要： Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) illumination compared to conventional white light in the detection of fluorescent-tagged adhesive remnants during orthodontic debonding. Materials and Methods: Orthodontic brackets were bonded to extracted human premolars using one of two bonding resins having fluorescent properties (Pad Lock, Reliance Orthodontics, Itasca, Ill; Opal Bond MV, Opal Orthodontics, South Jordan, Utah; n ? 40 each). The brackets were then debonded and, in each adhesive group, half the teeth had the remaining adhesive resin removed under illumination using the operatory light and the other half using a UV (395 nm) light emitting diode (LED) flashlight (n ? 20/group). Time for teeth cleanup was recorded. Follow-up images were obtained under a dissecting microscope using UV illumination, and the surface area of adhesive remnants was calculated. Effectiveness of adhesive removal was also assessed using scanning electron microscopy imaging. Analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze time and adhesive remnants, respectively. Results: Assessment using the dissecting microscope found groups using UV light during adhesive removal had statistically significantly lower amounts of adhesive remnants than groups using white light (P (cid:2) .01). Time for adhesive removal was significantly lower with Opal Bond MV adhesive using UV light when compared with the white light (P (cid:2) .01). Assessment by scanning electron microscopy showed that thin remnants of adhesive (,2 lm) remained undetected by UV illumination. Conclusions: UV light is more effective and tends to be more efficient than white light in the detection of fluorescent adhesive during orthodontic debonding. Although there are limitations, the use of UV LED lighting is a practical tool that aids in adhesive detection.
关键词： Debonding,Orthodontics,UV light,Adhesive
更新于2025-09-19 17:15:36
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A Comparative Assessment of Pain Caused by the Placement of Banded Orthodontic Appliances with and without Low-Level Laser Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Prospective Study
摘要： Patients still refuse or discontinue orthodontic treatment due to related pain and discomfort. In this study, we investigate if low-level laser therapy (LLLT) can reduce pain caused by orthodontic bands. Sixty subjects who needed bands placed on the upper permanent first molars were assigned randomly to the LLLT group, placebo, and control groups. Inclusion criteria were: age range 10–14 years, fully erupted upper first molars in healthy condition, presence of tight mesial proximal contact. Exclusion criteria were: systemic or metabolic diseases, chronic pain or neurological or psychiatric disorders, use of pharmacological agents interfering with pain perception, previous orthodontic treatment or the simultaneous presence of other devices in the patient’s mouth. The assessment of pain was performed by using a numeric rating scale (NRS) considering different time intervals, i.e., immediately after bands placement, 6 h, 24 h, and from day 2 to day 5. Differences in the maximum pain and in pain experienced at each time-point, among the three groups, was assessed by using the Kruskal–Wallis H. The final sample included 56 patients, 29 males, and 27 females, with a mean age of 12.03 ± 1.3 years. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups (tested, control, and placebo group) with each group consisting respectively of 19, 20, and 17 individuals. Subjects in the LLLT experienced less pain at each time interval as well as the maximum pain score being lower in the LLLT compared to control and placebo groups. These findings were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). LLLT can alleviate the intensity of pain after the placement of orthodontic bands.
关键词： laser,orthodontic tooth movement,low-level laser therapy,dental pain,orthodontics,dental materials
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Evaluation of LED phototherapy to reduce orthodontic pain: a controlled clinical trial
摘要： Introduction The efficacy of LED phototherapy for reducing orthodontic pain during anterior retraction was evaluated. Materials and Methods Fourteen patients (mean age, 15.2 years) underwent extraction of their four first premolars and were randomly divided into LED group (LEDG): seven patients (five males, two females) who performed self-application of Biolux LED device (850 nm, 60 mW, 10.8 J/cm2) daily for 5 min to the maxillary and 5 min to the mandibular arches during the anterior retraction phase and control group (CG): seven patients (five males, two females) who did not use LED therapy. All patients completed a survey for seven consecutive days after every retraction activation for a period of 4 months (T1, T2, T3, and T4) to quantify the pain experienced using a score from 0 to 10. Results There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in pain score between the two groups on days 1 and 2 at T3 and in the overall mean pain score, based on the four surveys, with significantly lower values in the LEDG. Friedman’s test and Tuckey’s post hoc analysis showed a reduction in the pain score for both groups over time, and although the difference was not significant between the groups at T1, T2, or T4, the pain scores were numerically lower in the LEDG than in the CG at all evaluated time points, but mainly during the first 2 days after orthodontic activation. Conclusion In conclusion, use of the 850-nm LED device after anterior retraction activation resulted in lower pain scores at all time points, indicating that LED therapy should be considered a good alternative to reduce orthodontic pain during the first 2 days postprocedure.
关键词： Orthodontics,Pain,Phototherapy,LED
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Laser-Aided Enamel Conditioning: A Comparison of Microleakage Under Brackets Following Different Aging Procedures
摘要： Objective: To evaluate microleakage under the orthodontic adhesives applied following two version of erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser-aided enamel conditioning after thermal and thermomechanical simulators. Materials and Methods: A comparative analytical study based on metal braces bonded on the enamel of extracted teeth (n = 160) etched with acid, Er:YAG laser and Er:YAG laser with an X-Runner handpiece, and self-etch adhesives. An arch wire was ligatured to samples which were embedded in acrylic blocks by two with periodontal ligaments. The specimens were subdivided into two groups: those aged with thermal cycling and thermomechanical aging procedures. The samples were immersed in basic fuchsin solution (0.5%) for 24 h. Buccolingual sections were performed on the mesial and distal wings of the braces. The color penetration at the gingival and occlusal margins of the adhesive-bracket and enamel-adhesive was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The median and mean values of microleakage in both groups were evaluated with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (P < .05). Results: The highest microleakage was recorded in the gingival part of the samples aged with the thermomechanical aging procedure (P = .001). The amount of microleakage generally increased in the samples subjected to thermomechanical loading, but the only significant difference was recorded in the gingival part in each four different conditioning methods. Conclusion: Microleakage of the phosphoric acid-etched groups was recorded with lower values for both aging methods. Thermomechanical aging should be included to microleakage studies due to increased microleakage on gingival side for all etching groups.
关键词： thermomechanical aging,Chewing simulation in orthodontics,microleakage,X-Runner handpiece,Er:YAG Laser
更新于2025-09-16 10:30:52
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Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics
摘要： The advent of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has caused a significant change in the diagnostic approach practiced in dentistry, and in particular, orthodontics. Although conventional imaging methods such as orthopantomography and lateral cephalometric and anteroposterior graphs provide sufficient information in mild to moderate orthodontic anomalies, 3D imaging can be a necessity in severe skeletal anomalies or tooth impactions. Computed tomography (CT) has been frequently used when detailed 3D imaging is necessary despite its relatively high cost, low vertical resolution, and high dose of radiation. In contrast to conventional CT application, the development of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology has had important advantages over the conventional method, such as minimization of the radiation dose, image accuracy, rapid scan time, fewer image artifacts, chair-side image display, and real-time analysis. These advantages have provided dental practitioners the opportunity to benefit more frequently from 3D imaging by relatively diminishing radiation dose considerations, financial burden, and availability, in particular. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the current understanding of CBCT practice in orthodontics and to summarize clinically relevant conditions.
关键词： orthodontics,Cone beam computed tomography,3D imaging
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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A Modified Photoactivation Protocol Using Two Simultaneous Light-Curing Units for Bonding Brackets to Enamel
摘要： This study investigated the effect of a modified photoactivation protocol using two simultaneous light-curing units on the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets to enamel. Metal brackets were bonded to bovine incisors using the resin-based orthodontic cement Transbond XT (3M Unitek). Four photoactivation protocols of the orthodontic cement were tested (n=15): Control: photoactivation for 10 s on each proximal face of the bracket at a time; Simultaneous: photoactivation for 10 s on both proximal faces of the bracket at the same time; One side-20s: photoactivation for 20 s at one proximal face of the bracket only; and One side-10s: photoactivation for 10 s only at one proximal face of the bracket. SBS was tested immediately or after 1000 thermal cycles. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) was classified. Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls’ test (α=0.05). Pooled means ± standard deviations for SBS to enamel (MPa) were: 10.2±4.2 (Control), 9.7±4.5 (Simultaneous), 5.6±3.1 (One side-20s), and 4.6±1.9 (One side-10s). Pooled SBS data for immediate and thermal cycled groups were 6.3±2.6 and 8.8±5.2. A predominance of ARI scores 1-2 and 0-1 was observed for the immediate and thermally cycled groups, respectively. In conclusion, simultaneous photoactivation of the orthodontic cement using two light-curing units, one positioned at each proximal face of the bracket, yielded similar bonding ability compared to the conventional light-curing method. Photoactivation of the orthodontic cement at one proximal face of the bracket only is not recommended, irrespective of the light-curing time used.
关键词： composite,polymerization,aging,Orthodontics,shear bond strength
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14