- 标题
- 摘要
- 关键词
- 实验方案
- 产品
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Diversity of TiO <sub/>2</sub> : Controlling the Molecular and Electronic Structure of Atomic-Layer-Deposited Black TiO <sub/>2</sub>
摘要： Visually black, electrically leaky, amorphous titania (am-TiO2) thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) for photocatalytic applications. Broad spectral absorbance in the visible range and exceptional conductivity are attributed to trapped Ti3+ in the film. Oxidation of Ti3+ upon heat treatment leads to a drop in conductivity, a color change from black to white and crystallization of am-TiO2. ALD grown black TiO2, without any heat treatment, is subject to dissolution in alkaline photoelectrochemical conditions. The best photocatalytic activity for solar water splitting is obtained for completely crystalline white TiO2.
关键词： atomic layer deposition,photocatalysis,titanium dioxide,protecting overlayers,crystallization,oxide defects,water splitting
更新于2025-09-23 15:23:52
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Oxidation: A dominant source for reduced efficiency of silicon solar photovoltaic modules
摘要： The quality of materials plays a decisive role on the life, performance and the return on investment (ROI) of engineering systems. The photovoltaic systems on-site suffer from climate conditions such as higher temperature, snow fall, humidity, rain, thunder storm, ultraviolet radiations and other environmental gasses and exhibit characteristic degradation. In this paper, we study the effects of oxidation on the degradation of the underlying semiconductor circuitry of the solar panels and the effect of aging on the life of the solar photovoltaic systems. Our research methodology is based on monitoring, testing and evaluating the real time power and ef?ciency using image analysis.
关键词： Power degradation,Maximum output power,SPV modules,Conversion ef?ciency,Oxide defects
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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CMOS 256-Pixel/480-Pixel Photovoltaic-Powered Subretinal Prosthetic Chips With Wide Image Dynamic Range and Bi/Four-Directional Sharing Electrodes and Their Ex Vivo Experimental Validations With Mice
摘要： After nearly half a century of research into the bias temperature instability, two classes of models have emerged as the strongest contenders. One class of models, the reaction-diffusion models, is built around the idea that hydrogen is released from the interface and that it is the diffusion of some form of hydrogen that controls both degradation and recovery. Although various variants of the reaction-diffusion idea have been published over the years, the most commonly used recent models are based on nondispersive reaction rates and nondispersive diffusion. The other class of models is based on the idea that degradation is controlled by first-order reactions with widely distributed (dispersive) reaction rates. We demonstrate that these two classes give fundamentally different predictions for the stochastic degradation and recovery of nanoscale devices, therefore providing the ultimate modeling benchmark. Using detailed experimental time-dependent defect spectroscopy data obtained on such nanoscale devices, we investigate the compatibility of these models with experiment. Our results show that the diffusion of hydrogen (or any other species) is unlikely to be the limiting aspect that determines degradation. On the other hand, the data are fully consistent with reaction-limited models. We finally argue that only the correct understanding of the physical mechanisms leading to the significant device-to-device variation observed in the degradation in nanoscale devices will enable accurate reliability projections and device optimization.
关键词： NBTI,dispersive reaction rates,first-order processes,PBTI,Bias temperature instability,reaction-diffusion,oxide defects,charge trapping
更新于2025-09-19 17:13:59
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Improved Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Nitrogen Doped Graphene Oxide Treated Tin Oxide Layer
摘要： Tin oxide (SnO2) is widely adopted as an electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) because it has high electron mobility, excellent charge selective behavior owing to a large band gap of 3.76 eV, and low temperature processibility. In order to achieve highly efficient SnO2-based PeSCs it is necessary to control the oxygen vacancies in the SnO2 layer, since the electrical and optical properties vary depending on the oxidation state of Sn. This study demonstrates that the performance of PeSCs may be improved by using nitrogen doped graphene oxide (NGO) as an oxidizing agent for SnO2. Since NGO changes the oxidation state of the Sn in SnO2 from Sn2+ to Sn4+, the oxygen vacancies in SnO2 can be reduced using NGO. Multiple devices are fabricated and various techniques are used to assess their performance, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dark current analysis, and the dependence of the open circuit voltage on light intensity. Compared with the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of control devices, PeSCs with SnO2:NGO composite layers exhibit greater PCE with less deviation. Therefore, introduction of NGO in a SnO2 layer can be regarded as an effective method of controlling the oxidation state of SnO2 to improve the performance of PeSCs.
关键词： passivation,electron transport layer,perovskite solar cells,nitrogen doped graphene oxide,defects
更新于2025-09-12 10:27:22