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Ruthenium Oxide pH Sensing for Organs-On-Chip Studies
摘要： A ruthenium oxide (RuOx) electrode is being developed as potentiometric pH sensor for organs-on-chip applications. Open-circuit potential (OCP) of the RuOx electrode showed a response of ?58.05 mV/pH, with no cross-sensitivity to potentially interfering/complexing ions (tested were lithium, sulfate, chloride, and calcium ions). Similar response was observed in complex biological medium. The electrode stored in liquid had a long-term drift of ?0.8 mV/hour (corresponding to ΔpH of 0.013/hour) and response time in complex biological medium was 3.7 s. Minimum cross-sensitivity to oxygen was observed as the OCP shifted ~3 mV going from deoxygenated to oxygenated solution. This response is one magnitude lower than previously reported for metal-oxide pH sensors. Overall, the RuOx pH sensor has proven to be a suitable pH sensor for organs-on-chip applications.
关键词： potentiometric sensor,lab-on-chip,organs-on-chip,ruthenium oxide,pH sensor
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Experimental Studies in Micromachined AT-Cut Quartz based Differential Vacuum Gauges
摘要： In this paper, a micromachined differential pressure sensor based on force frequency effect in AT-Cut quartz bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators for vacuum measurements is presented. The frequency shift arising from the stresses generated in the quartz due to force application is known as force frequency effect. Pressure is sensed by monitoring the shifts in the thickness shear mode (TSM) resonance frequency of AT-cut quartz resonator due to the application of differential pressure across the micromachined quartz diaphragm. The sensors exhibit a large dynamic range of 1 mTorr – 100 Torr with a resolution of ~1 mTorr (in the medium vacuum regime). A parametric study has also been carried out to study the effect of resonator thickness and diameter on sensitivity. It was found that the sensor’s response to pressure is extremely sensitive to mechanical boundary conditions which results in performance characteristics such as dependence on the direction of the applied pressure and unexpected scaling with the diaphragm radius.
关键词： quartz pressure sensor,Pressure sensor,force-frequency effect,piezoelectric,bulk acoustic wave (BAW),micromachined quartz diaphragm
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 IEEE 7th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) - Nara, Japan (2018.10.9-2018.10.12)] 2018 IEEE 7th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) - Performance Evaluation of Flexible Electret Sensor Array for Ultrasonic Object Detection in Short Distance
摘要： Ultrasonic object detection in short distance could contribute the monitoring of human life activity and remote operation of home appliances. In this study, Ultrasonic sensor array using flexible electret elements were fabricated to detect objects in short distance. The reflection waves were clearly detected at short distance. The object (PVC pipe) detection was examined using the ultrasound generated by the ECS array. The estimated distance was good agreement with the true value though large errors were observed for the estimated angles because only three receivers were used for ECS array.
关键词： flexible sensor,electret,object detection,ultrasonic sensor,in-home activity recognition
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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[IEEE 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE) - Lahore, Pakistan (2018.2.15-2018.2.16)] 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE) - Active Pixel Digital Sun Sensor for Satellites
摘要： Satellites use sun sensors as a reliable source of attitude determination during sunlit conditions while in orbit around the earth. This work elucidates the design and development of high precision and wide field of view digital sun sensor for space applications. Sun sensor employs active pixel image sensor along with processing techniques of feature extraction and image correlation. Software algorithm exploits the distinctive features of Active Pixel imaging Sensor (APS), in comparison to CCD based image sensor, for computationally efficient algorithm design. Sunlight falling on the sun sensor produces an image of the sun on image sensor. Software algorithm processes this image for noise removal, feature extraction, centroid analysis and sun vector calculations. Digital sun sensor, presented here, achieves 0.018 pixels (3σ) centroid accuracy with 120°×120° field of view.
关键词： Sun Sensor,Image Correlation,Image Processing,Feature Extraction,Active Pixel imaging Sensor
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Novel Method of Determining Vehicle Cartesian Location Using Dual Active Optical Beacons and a Rotating Photosensor
摘要： A novel system for sensing the location of a vehicle in a region of interest has been implemented; it has applications for mobile ground or aerial vehicle navigation (or positioning) in environments where other types of environmental localization are absent (e.g., lack of radio or GPS signals). The system uses photodetection of encoded laser-beam pulses emitted from a pair of beacons to gather information and perform localization calculations with reasonable accuracy. Testing of the realized system has shown consistent results that are in line with predictions from the previous model simulations. The approach of using dual angle-encoded beacons is shown to be a valid methodology for determining relative location and orientation in a sterile environment. Future optimizations would increase the pulse rates of the lasers, the rotational speed of the beacons, and use mirrors or prisms to replace the rotating detector with a stationary one.
关键词： localization,photodetector,Sensor applications,beacon,laser,sensor applications
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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High-Speed and High-Resolution Interrogation of a Strain and Temperature Random Grating Sensor
摘要： High-speed and high-resolution interrogation of a random fiber grating sensor based on spectral shaping and wavelength-to-time (SS-WTT) mapping, and pulse compression for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature is proposed and demonstrated. In the proposed system, an ultrashort pulse is spectrum shaped by a high-birefringence (Hi-Bi) random grating (HBRG) to generate two orthogonally polarized spectra with a wavelength difference determined by the birefringence of the HBRG, which are then fed to a dispersive optical loop in which a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG) is incorporated, to perform linear WTT mapping, to generate two temporally separated optical pulses, which are converted to two random electrical waveforms at a photodetector). Random pulse compression is then performed to increase the interrogation resolution. By measuring the time shifts of the temporally compressed pulses, the strain and temperature information is retrieved. An experiment is performed. The experimental results show that the proposed random grating sensor and its interrogation system can provide a strain and temperature resolution of 7.1 με and 0.79 °C at an ultrahigh speed of 20 MHz.
关键词： linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating,Fiber Bragg grating,interrogation,sensor
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Product-Specific Nonlinear Characterization and Instrument for Illumination Angle Measurement With Manufacturing Defects
摘要： Popular sensors that detect the quadrant of the illumination directions are often inadequate for advanced control systems, e.g., solar trackers and heliostats. We propose a theoretical and technical framework for some sensor-specific characterization tools together with an optical instrument, which makes possible the accurate measurements in terms of the illumination angle and its angular velocity at the presence of the manufacturing errors due to rough manufacturing processes (e.g., forging and casting). In particular, a parameter identification approach is employed to identify four uncertain incline angles of sensor products with the aid of an ingenious and controllable calibration device. The angular velocity of illumination is approximately derived through a one-step backward difference function together with finite impulse response filters to reject the disturbances. The experimental results show that the sensor-specific nonlinear characteristic functions improve the accuracy of the illumination angle measurement yielded by the general nonlinear characteristic functions for the ideal sensors up to 96%, where the measurement precision with 0.07° is achieved.
关键词： parameter estimation,optical sensor,characteristic function,nonlinear optimization,Calibration
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A Novel Solid-State Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Based on poly(3-amino-4 hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid) /Ru(bpy)32+ Modified Electrode for Determination of Malachite Green
摘要： The poly(3-amino-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid)/Ru(bpy)3 2+ modified glassy carbon electrode (PAHBS/Ru(bpy)3 2+/GCE) is a novel solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor. It was prepared by electropolymerization of 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonicacid (AHBS) followed by soaking into Ru(bpy)3 2+ solution. Ru(bpy)3 2+ was entrapped on the electrode via the electrostatic interactions between sulfonic acid groups and Ru(bpy)3 2+ cation. The morphology and composition of the modified electrodes were analysed using scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersed spectrum. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to compare the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes before and after modification. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL intensity of the quenching value (ΔECL) versus the logarithm of the concentration of malachite green (MG) was linear over a concentration range from 5.0 × 10-8 to 1.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 (r = 0.9931) and the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.5 × 10-8 mol L-1. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of MG in pond water.
关键词： Ru(bpy)3 2+,electrochemiluminescence,malachite green,sensor,3-amino-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Optimization of CMOS Image Sensor Utilizing Variable Temporal Multi-Sampling Partial Transfer Technique to Achieve Full-frame High Dynamic Range with Superior Low Light and Stop Motion Capability
摘要： Differential Binary Pixel Technology is a threshold-based timing, readout and image reconstruction method that utilizes sub-frame partial charge transfer technique in a standard four-transistor (4T) pixel CMOS Image sensor (CIS) to achieve HDR video with Stop Motion. This technology improves low light signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by up to 21dB. The method is verified in silicon using a TSMC 65nm 1.1μm pixel technology 1 megapixel (MP) test chip array and is compared with a traditional 4× oversampling technique using full charge transfer. The test chip is also compared with the iPhone 6s rear view camera to show superior HDR video capability.
关键词： HDR video,iPhone 6s,Differential Binary Pixel Technology,SNR,CMOS Image sensor,Stop Motion,TSMC 65nm
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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A CMOS-Based Thermopile Array Fabricated on a Single SiO2 Membrane
摘要： We present a novel thermopile-based infrared (IR) sensor array fabricated on a single CMOS dielectric membrane, comprising of poly-silicon p+ and n+ elements. Processing of the chip is simplified by fabricating the entire array on a single membrane and by using standard CMOS Al metal layers for thermopile cold junction heatsinking. On a chip area of 1.76 mm × 1.76 mm, with a membrane size of 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm, we fabricated IR sensor arrays with 8 × 8 to 100 × 100 pixels. The 8 × 8 pixel device has <2% thermal crosstalk, a responsivity of 36 V/W and enhanced optical absorption in the 8–14 μm waveband, making it particularly suitable for people presence sensing.
关键词： IR image sensor,presence sensing,thermopile array,MEMS,infrared,CMOS
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14